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It's not only the carbon in the trees Forest loss affects climate not just because of the impacts it has on the carbon cycle, but also because of how it affects the fluxes of energy and water between the land and the atmosphere. Evaluating global impact is complicated because deforestation can produce different results in different climate zones, making it hard to determine large-scale trends rather than more local ones. Alkama and Cescatti conducted a global assessment of the biophysical effects of forest cover change. Forest loss amplifies diurnal temperature variations, increases mean and maximum air temperatures, and causes a significant amount of warming when compared to CO 2 emission from land-use change. Science , this issue p. 600

This study investigates the nexus between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Italy in the 1970-2007 years. The unit root tests results point out that our four variables are integrated of order one. Cointegration analysis reach contradictory results. However, the long-run estimations reveal that, if renewable energy consumption increases by 1%, real GDP decreases by 0.23%. The Toda and Yamamoto approach shows that exists a unidirectional causal flow, running from renewable energy consumption to aggregate income, in line with the "growth hypothesis". Moreover, these results are confirmed by Granger causality tests. While forecasts applications set out that VAR forecasts represent an improvement on simpler forecasts in more than half the comparisons, for each variable. In fact, VAR gives more accurate forecasts, over-performing the mean, RW, and AR methods.

The Sport for Climate initiative capitalizes on the fame of athletes and the popularity of the sports industry. Athletes and sports professionals have an up close and personal relationship with the climate - they are, quite literally, in it all the time. To train or to compete, skiers and snowboarders need snow. Bicyclists and soccer players need good weather. Runners and surfers require particular conditions for training. It is why many athletes are signing on to spread the word about climate change, and advocating that governments, business leaders, and everyday global citizens act now.

------------------------此版本为旧版本,请浏览或下载最新版本------------------------ 在每一个闭合的三元平衡系统中,所有的能量都会在系统的内部无限循环生生不息。由于任何一个系统不存在绝对的独立,所以系统与系统之间的相互影响,其实是一种系统间“能量做功”的关系。这里的“能量做功”就是传统物理学中“能量”的概念。 作用力(物体受到的合力)作用于物体,使物体运动的“能量做功”(能量在系统间的转换),其实和“作用时间”、“作用力”以及“能量做功率”有关。 通过对“能量做功”(也是传统物理学中的能量概念)的阐释,其实是为了能更好的阐述能量在三元平衡系统中的概念。也就是,能量在“三元平衡系统”的内部,会往复循环而生生不息。

This paper presents an approach to the insulation co-ordination of electric-power installations in the scope of the continuous operating voltages and temporary overvoltages; this approach opens the possibility to calculate the necessary required withstand voltages of unit insulations for short-duration (1 min) power-frequency test voltage, with respect to continuous operating voltages and power-frequency temporary overvoltages and the necessary reliability of the operation of high-voltage power system installations.

Abstract To accelerate progress in building sustainability as well as to aid balance supply and demand in the presence of renewable energy generation, a tailored characterization method for the energy flexibility (EF) of buildings is needed. In this paper, a novel two-stage non-intrusive EF characterization method is proposed. In the first stage, unlike the previous studies in which an individual meter is installed on appliances to extract their consumption pattern, a novel unsupervised event-matching non-intrusive load monitoring method is utilized which is time and cost-effective. Moreover, previous research characterize the EF considering as early and as late as possible appliances’ start-time. However, the usage behavior of consumers affects the start-time of appliances. To tackle this issue, in the second stage of the proposed method, the usage behavior of consumers is taken into account for the EF characterization. The proposed method is verified in an individual building level and aggregated level including 50 residential buildings. The obtained results show that the proposed usage behavior-oriented method, characterizes the available aggregated EF with higher accuracy, without adding complexity to the system. These results can be used by aggregators to harness the available EF of buildings to flatten demand consumption by incentivizing potential consumers.

This paper presents a newly developed voltage and reactive power control device, the coordinated Q -V controller (CQVC), for a multimachine steam power plant (SPP). The requirements for the new controller are defined based on identified inadequacies of manual Q-V control. The controller uses a feed-forward correction signal based on the application of the sensitivity matrix at a power plant level. It is designed and its performance initially assessed using the Matlab/Simulink environment. The performed simulations show that all the primary design objectives are met. The Q-V controller maintains the voltage at the SPP busbar with a certain droop characteristic during slow voltage changes in the power system whilst also maintaining equal per unit reactive power sharing among the SPP generators. This ensures that the power system fully benefits from all generating units during system perturbations. The performance of the designed CQVC is validated by comparing simulation results with measured responses obtained from a real CQVC installed at a SPP.

Empirical studies of the EKC hypothesis may be very sensitive to datasets, specifications, and functional forms. The aim of this paper is to investigate the long-run relationship among CO2 emissions, real GDP, and energy consumption using a panel of 9 advanced economies from 1870 to 2008 using both parametric and semi-parametric additive models. While at the panel level the results provide support to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) only in the post-1950s period, at the individual country level the inverted U-shaped relationship between CO2 and real GDP is validated for a subset of countries only. However, when a semi-parametric regression framework is applied an inverse U-shaped pattern becomes clear for all countries of the sample, except Canada. Empirical findings indicate that relaxing the restrictions associated with parametric regression models may be critical for the question of investigating the existence of the EKC. JEL codes: C14; C23; Q43; Q32