• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• Open Source close
• Embargo close
• 15. Life on land close
• 6. Clean water close
• 14. Life underwater close
• Russian close

The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

Кукуруза – важнейшая зерновая культура, основные площади возделывания которой в России сосредоточены на Северном Кавказе, Ставрополье и Кубани. Снижение продуктивности посевов на фоне высокой засоренности составляет 50-60%. Комплексная система защиты посевов от сорняков позволяет контролировать их численность. Гербициды являются одним из основных элементов этой системы. Целью исследований было изучение эффективности комплексного применения гербицидов и агрохимикатов в посевах кукурузы. Исследования проводились в лесостепной зоне Республики Северная Осетия-Алания в период 2012-2013 гг. Почвы – выщелоченные черноземы. Содержание гумуса 5,3-5,6 %. В ходе исследований установлено, что в целях снижения стрессового воздействия гербицидов на растения кукурузы и повышения урожайности использовать препараты - производные гуминовых веществ Гумат калия-80 0,01%, и микробиологические препараты Байкал ЭМ-1 2,0% и Экстрасол 0,01%. Corn important crops, the main area of cultivation is concentrated in the Russian North Caucasus, Stavropol and Krasnodar region. Reduced productivity of crops against a background of high infestation is 50-60%. A comprehensive system of protection of crops from weeds allows you to control their numbers. Herbicides are one of the main elements of this system. The aim was to study the effectiveness of the integrated application of herbicides and agrochemicals in maize. The studies were conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania in the period 2012-2013. Soil leached chernozem. Humus content 5,3-5,6%. The studies found that in order to reduce stress effects of herbicides on corn plants and increase yields to use drugs derivatives of humic substances Humate Potassium-80 is 0.01%, and microbiological preparations Baikal EM-1 of 2.0% and 0.01% Ekstrasol.

The aim of the article is to elaborate and to investigate the automatic control system of pressure in front of evaporators of the multifunctional heat pump, which has several condensers and several evaporators. The control system must reduce the value of pressure perturbations acting on evaporators and decrease the value of pressure pulsations before them. To solve this problem, a hydraulic scheme has been developed in which this parameter is stabilized by using fine and coarse adjustment valves in hydraulic circuits of condensers and compressors using a pressure control system for a static flow mixer. The system for control of the flow of the refrigerant consists of two groups of compressors with automatic control drives installed in the lines of each of the condensers. The pressure control system uses a model of control valve with proportional-integral – derivative (PID) controller in the direct line of the controller loop. This solution allowed simplifying the heat pump control system by eliminating the necessity of matching the pressure and flow control valves in each line and controlling the flow in the line over a wider range as well. A mathematical model of the static mixer of flows installed after the pressure control valves is obtained. The proposed pressure control system gives a possibility to reduce the amplitude of pulsations of pressure before the evaporators up to 14-16 times.

The article evaluates methods of land reclamation in coal mining in order to identify the most appropriate methods of restoration of coal pits, taking into account the specifics of the territory of Kemerovo region - Kuzbass, which we are studying. Conducted in May 2022 literature search considered scientific and technical articles, information about the territory, which are freely available. Databases of articles from Scopus, Google Scholar, Russian scientific electronic library (https://www. elibrary.ru; https://cyberleninka.ru.) were used. Search queries were formed using the keywords "reclamation of coal mines", "methods of reclamation of open pits", "restoration of disturbed lands", "technogenic / posttechnogenic landscapes"; "technogenic landscapes"; recultivation technologies; young soils; soil-ecological mapping, disturbed soil biological reclamation / environmental protection and the similar. The carried out analysis showed that the most acceptable modern methods of recultivation taking into account specifics of Kuzbass territory are the following: formation of stable forest plantations on the coal industry waste dumps; ecological assessment of disturbed lands to define a complex of measures on land reclamation considering biodiversity; analysis of factors of soil formation, morphological and physical and chemical parameters of soils of technogenic landscapes; method of biotesting with using earthworms when assessing results and effectiveness of land reclamation, method of ecological mapping, bioindicator methods for integral assessment of the environmental state, as well as the method of multidimensional monitoring using geoinformation technologies and Earth remote sensing methods. В статье дана оценка методов рекультивации земель при добыче угля, чтобы выявить наиболее приемлемые методы восстановления угольных карьеров, учитывая специфику конкретной изучаемой нами территории Кемеровской области – Кузбасса. Проведённый в мае 2022 года поиск литературы рассматривал научно-технические статьи, информацию о территории, которые находятся в свободном доступе. Использовались базы данных статей из Scopus, Google Scholar, российской научной электронной библиотеки. Поисковые запросы формировались по ключевым словам «рекультивация угольных разрезов», «методы рекультивации карьеров», «восстановление нарушенных земель», «техногенные / посттехногенные ландшафты»; «technogenic landscapes»; recultivation technologies; young soils; soil-ecological mapping, disturbed soil biological reclamation / environmental protection и тому подобным. Проведённый анализ показал, что наиболее приемлемыми современными методами рекультивации с учётом специфики территории Кузбасса являются следующие: формирование устойчивых лесных насаждений на отвалах угольной промышленности; экологическая оценка нарушенных земель для определения комплекса мер по рекультивации земель с учетом биоразнообразия; анализа факторов почвообразования, морфологических и физико-химических параметров почв техногенных ландшафтов; метод биотестирования с использованием дождевых червей при оценке результатов и эффективности рекультивации почв, метод экологического картографирования, биоиндикаторные методы для интегральной оценки состояния окружающей среды, а также метод многоаспектного мониторинга с использованием геоинформационных технологий и методов дистанционного зондирования Земли. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 9 (123) 2022

Основными вредителями хлопчатника в Узбекистане являются: хлопковая совка, тли, трипс и паутинный клещ. Несмотря на широкое внедрение, эффективность биологической борьбы против вредителей остается на уровне 45-55 %; происходит селекция устойчивых популяций к пиретроидам. The main pests of cotton in Uzbekistan remain: cotton moth, aphis or trips and spider mite. In spite of wide inculcation, the effectiveness of biological fighting against the pests remain at the level of 45-55%; the selection of steady populations to pyrethroids.

Scientific, educational, cultural and educational network Journal

An electric power plant induced increase in water temperature substantially affects aqueous medium. Any hydraulic facility zones to be artificially heated and used by power plants may be considered as peculiar “anthropogenic hydrothermal systems”. Interrelation properties of specific abiotic and biotic parameters of such extreme ecosystems shall be studied at large for understanding hydraulic facility ecosystem biological efficiency and trophic status alteration factors. This paper applies to analysis of relations between hydrothermal zone environment factors and basic characteristics of the plankton population in the Kharanorskaya State District Power Station (Trans-Baikal Territory) cooling reservoir. The population of planktonic animals and plants were studied at a thermal zone of the cooling reservoir by using standard hydrobiologic methods for the period of February to October, 2013. Hydrochemical samples were processed at the industrial sanitary laboratory of INTER RAO-Electroenergy JSC, Kharanorskaya SDPS branch using common techniques. It was found that phytoplankton contained 40 taxonomic groups of algae and 25 invertebrate species of animal plankton. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Crysophyta dominated in algocenosis amounted to 80% of the total taxonomic groups. As for Rotifera, it dominated in animal plankton cenosis amounted to 40% of the total species. It is demonstrated that the dominated complex varies seasonally. Quantity of phytoplankton and animal plankton has been specified. The algal species diversity has drastically reduced and quality of invertebrate animals has fallen down within the period when water was maximally warmed up since temperature values jumped up and oxygen content come down. With some aquatic organisms (i.e. algae and invertebrate animals) taken as an example, it was found that the offset and extension of organism growth periods induce a primary reaction to particular thermal load increase factors. Inverse temperature correlation was identified at surface and natural water layers to have specific abiotic parameters in relation to clear water and nitrate levels in water. As provided by biotic plankton sampling statistical data, it was found that temperature, cation and anion water composition, as well as suspended solid concentration are the main factors that affect growth of organisms in the anthropogenic water reservoir of the hydraulic facilities.