Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
The following results are related to Energy Research. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
12 Research products
Relevance
arrow_drop_down
unfold_lessCompact results

  • Energy Research
  • 11. Sustainability
  • Finnish

  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ronkainen, Sami;

    Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tarkastella tulevaisuuden kehitysnäkymien vaikutusta Vaasan kaukolämpötoimintaan. Komartekin Flowra 32 verkostolaskentaohjelman avulla tutkitaan kaukolämpöverkon siirtokykyä nykyisissä ja tulevaisuuden kuormitustilanteissa. Työn yhteydessä laaditaan kaukolämmityksen kasvuennuste seuraavalle kymmenelle vuodelle ja selvitetään mitoituslämpötilaa -29°C vastaava teho tilastollisen analyysin avulla. Lisäksi tutkitaan mahdollisia ratkaisuja huippu- ja varatehon tuottamiseksi. Tarkastelun kohteena on myös lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastoinnin kannattavuus energianhankintajärjestelmässä. Kaukolämpöverkon siirtokyky on tarkastelun perusteella kohtalaisen hyvä, mutta liittymistehojen kasvaessa paine-erot verkon häntäpäässä jäävät liian alhaisiksi. Paras ratkaisu paine-ero ongelmaan on rakentaa välipumppaamo Hovioikeudenpuistoon. Tarkastelun perusteella kaukolämmön varatehon lisätarve on kymmenen vuoden kuluttua noin 40 MW ja varatehoksi on kannattavinta rakentaa raskasta polttoöljyä käyttävä lämpökeskus. Lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastointi on nykyisillä energianhinnoilla kohtalaisen kannattavaa varsinkin, jos Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö myöntää hankkeelle täyden 30%:n investointiavustuksen. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of future prospects on district heating in the town of Vaasa. Using Komartek`s Flowra 32 network computation software application, the transfer capacity of the district heating network is studied in current and future load situations. A growth forecast for the next ten years is prepared in connection with this thesis and the power that corresponds to a dimensioning temperature of -29°C obtained using statistical analysis. In addition, possible solutions for generating peak and back-up power are examined. The economic viability of the short-term heat storage in the energy purchasing system is also focus of the study. On the basis of the analysis, the transfer capacity of the district heat network is rather good, although as the connection power increases, pressure differences at the end of the network remain too low. The best solution for the pressure difference problem is to construct a booster pumping station in Hovioikeudenpuisto. The analysis showed that after ten years, the need for back-up district heating energy will be 40 MW and the most economically viable way of providing back-up energy will be to build a heating centre that runs on heavy fuel oil. At current energy prices, the short-term heat storage is economically viable, especially if the Ministry of Trade and Industry grants the project 30% of its value in the form of investment support.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2002
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2002
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Taloustutkimus; Ulkoasiainministeriö; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland;

    Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin suomalaisten mielipiteitä kehitysyhteistyöstä. Tutkimuksen on toteuttanut Taloustutkimus Oy Ulkoasiainministeriön toimeksiannosta. Kysely on jatkoa vuodesta 2002 toteutetuille tutkimuksille. Kysymykset käsittelivät laajasti kehitysyhteistyötä ja kehityspolitiikkaa. Niillä kartoitettiin mm. kehitysyhteistyön kohdentumista ja tuloksia, kehitysyhteistyön määrärahoja sekä kehitysyhteistyöstä saatavaa tietoa ja omaa osallistumista kehitysyhteistyöhön. Osa kysymyksistä on ollut mukana vuosien ajan samanmuotoisina, jolloin mielipiteiden muutosta voidaan seurata. Taustamuuttujina ovat sukupuoli, ikä, talouden tyyppi, internetin käyttö, työelämään osallistuminen, ammatti, koulutus, siviilisääty, perheen eniten ansaitsevan henkilön ammatti/asema ja koulutus, perheen tuloluokka, asunnon tyyppi sekä aluemuuttujia. The survey charted Finnish opinions on and knowledge of the country's development cooperation, its importance, content, objectives, and allocation. Some questions focused on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030). The data were collected as part of Taloustutkimus's national CAPI Omnibus study. The respondents were asked what they thought development cooperation was, how important they regarded development cooperation to be, and to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relating to development cooperation (e.g. "Development cooperation increases Finland's international influence"). Familiarity with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) was surveyed as well as views on the most important Sustainable Development Goals. Opinions on funding the private sector of developing countries were studied. Furthermore, thoughts on the significance of development cooperation in alleviating poverty and improving the lives of people in developing countries were investigated. The respondents were asked to choose two of the most important areas for advancing the rights and circumstances of girls and women. Regarding inequality, the respondents were asked how Finland could decrease global inequality. Views were studied on whether development cooperation could prevent refugee crisis from happening by helping people in their own country, and if Finland's development cooperation could help with preventing climate change. With regard to development cooperation by Finland, opinions were studied on the importance of Finnish humanitarian aid, the most important forms of development cooperation for Finland (e.g. bilateral, multilateral, cooperation through the EU), and to what causes should humanitarian aid primarily be directed to. The respondents' factual knowledge was charted by asking how much the respondents thought Finland was going to spend on development cooperation in 2017 (as percentage of the GNI and in euros). The respondents were asked whether Finland should increase or decrease the amount of funding allocated to development cooperation in light of the current economic situation. Some questions pertained to whether there was enough information available on development cooperation and developing countries, from which information sources the respondents had received information on these topics, and how reliable public authorities, voluntary/civic organisations and the media were as sources of such information. The respondents were also asked how they thought they could help the developing countries as individuals and how they had participated in helping the developing countries or people in those countries in the past year. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's age, gender, economic activity and occupational status, education, and marital status as well as economic activity/occupational status and education of the household head, household composition, ages of children living at home, gross annual income of the household, municipality size and type, major region (NUTS2) and region (NUTS3) of residence, type of accommodation, type of mobile phone, and Internet and social media use. Ei-todennäköisyysotanta: kiintiöpoimintaNonprobability.Quota Non-probability: QuotaNonprobability.Quota Kasvokkainen haastattelu: tietokoneavusteinen (CAPI tai CAMI)Interview.FaceToFace.CAPIorCAMI Face-to-face interview: Computer-assisted (CAPI/CAMI)Interview.FaceToFace.CAPIorCAMI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Sutela, Inkeri;

    Tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin suomenkielisten lukio-opiskelijoiden mielipiteitä lukion taloustiedon kurssista ja sen aikana käytetyistä oppikirjoista, sekä ajatuksia kurssin suhteesta muun muassa kestävään kehitykseen. Aluksi vastaajilta kysyttiin kuinka kiinnostuneita he ovat esimerkiksi yhteiskunnallisista asioista tai puoluepolitiikasta yleisesti. Seuraavaksi vastaajilta tiedusteltiin kuinka hyödyllisenä tai mielenkiintoisena he pitivät lukion taloustiedon kurssia kokonaisuudessaan. Vastaajia pyydettiin arvioimaan kurssin vaikutusta kestävän kehityksen teemojen ymmärtämiseen, sekä myös perusteltua vastausta siihen, onko talouskasvun ja ekologisesti kestävän kehityksen yhdistäminen vastaajan mielestä ylipäätään mahdollista. Seuraavaksi vastaajilta tiedusteltiin mielipiteitä erilaisista väittämistä, kuten ”Talouskasvu on hyvä asia”. Myös mielipiteitä taloustieteilijöiden ja poliitikkojen taloudellisesta päätöksenteosta ja sen toimivuudesta kyseltiin. Taloustiedon kurssilla käytetystä oppikirjasta sekä opiskelusta kurssin aikana ylipäätään kysyttiin pyytämällä arvioimaan esimerkiksi oppikirjan käytännönläheisyyttä sekä erilaisten näkökulmien määrää. Lopuksi vastaajia pyydettiin arvioimaan, pitäisikö taloustiedon kurssin sisältää esimerkiksi eettistä pohdintaa sekä miettimään, minkälainen taloustiedon kurssin pitäisi heidän mielestään olla. Taustatietoina tutkimuksessa käytettiin opiskelijan sukupuolta, koulua sekä kurssilla käytetyn oppikirjan nimeä. This study charted Finnish-speaking upper secondary school students' opinions on the Economics course YH2 and the textbooks used during the course, as well as views on how the course relates to such themes as sustainable development and economic growth. First, the respondents' general interest in matters such as the economy, domestic and international news and party politics were examined. Next, the respondents were asked how useful, practical or interesting they thought the course was in general. They were asked to evaluate the effect of the course on making the students think about sustainable development and understanding it. The respondents were also asked if it was possible to combine economic growth and ecologically sustainable development, and they were asked to give reasons for their opinion. Next, the respondents were presented with a set of statements regarding economic growth, market economy and sustainable development, such as "Economic growth is a good thing", "Consumer choices direct industry to act more ethically", "It is possible to sustain economic growth in the long run", and "Wealth is a consequence of being diligent, creative, smart and industrious". Opinions on economic decision-making carried out by economists and politicians were also examined, e.g. with regard to whether or not politicians should consider the opinions of experts when making decisions related to the economy. Questions about teaching and the textbook used during the course charted their practicality, and it was asked whether or not topics were discussed from varying perspectives. Finally, the respondents were asked if the economics course should contain more topics concerning ethics in economic life, the global/national perspective or the individual's perspective. Background variables included the respondent's gender, type of the municipality in which the respondent's school is located and the textbook used during the course. Ei-todennäköisyysotanta: harkinnanvarainen poimintaNonprobability.Purposive Non-probability: PurposiveNonprobability.Purposive Itsetäytettävä lomake: verkkolomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • DDI description: ISSP 2010: Environment III: Finnish Data DDI-kuvailu: ISSP 2010: ympäristö III: Suomen aineisto ISSP 2010: Environment III: Finnish Data ISSP 2010: ympäristö III: Suomen aineisto Valosaaste Etelä-Karjalassa - yksityishenkilöiden näkemykset sekä kuntien ja metsäteollisuusyritysten valaisturatkaisut Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity Cross-National Variation of Gender Differences in Environmental Concern: Testing the Sociocultural Hindrance Hypothesis Revisiting the redistribution hypothesis with perceived inequality and redistributive preferences The contingent effects of environmental concern and ideology: institutional context and people's willingness to pay environmental taxes How far for the money? Affluence and democratic degrowth potential in Europe Institutionalized collective action and the relationship between beliefs about environmental problems and environmental actions: A cross-national analysis The threat of social decline: income inequality and radical right support Trust and Public Support for Environmental Protection in Diverse National Context Green European Environmental Behaviour and Attitudes in Europe in a Historical and Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective Youth environmental consciousness in Europe: The influence of psycho-social factors on pro-environmental behavior Recycling as a large-scale collective action dilemma: A cross-country study on trust and reported recycling behavior Kvantitatiivinen tutkimus ympäristöasenteiden ja toimijuuden yhteydestä Trust, political orientation, and environmental behavior Religion and Aggregate Support for Redistribution A Little More Action, Please: Increasing the Understanding about Citizens' Lack of Commitment to Protecting the Environment in Different National Contexts Global Convergence and National Disparities in the Structure of Environmental Attitudes and Their Linkage to Pro-Environmental Behaviours Sukupuoli ja ympäristöasenteet : tarkastelussa naisten ja miesten väliset asenne-erot ympäristökysymyksissä The feminization of environmental responsibility: a quantitative, cross-national analysis Raising awareness of climate change causes? Cross-national evidence for the normalization of societal risk perception of climate change Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern Suomalaisten ympäristöasenteiden muutos ja väestöryhmittäiset profiilit 2000-luvulla Participation in green consumption among Finnish citizens by different sociodemographic variables Social Feedback Loop in the Organic Food Purchase Decision-Making Process Luottamuksen yhteydet suomalaisten ympäristöasenteisiin Tulotason yhteys yksilön ympäristöarvoihin ja ympäristötekoihin How Different Are the Nordics? Unravelling the Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for the Environment Environmental concerns during a time of duress: an introduction Public Opinion about the Environment: Testing Measurement Equivalence across Countries Environmental concern has a weaker association with pro-environmental behavior in some societies than others: A cross-cultural psychology perspective Public Attitudes toward Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues across Countries Wage Inequality and Structural Change Oma etu muutoshalukkuuden taustalla. Miten suomalaiset suhtautuvat ekososiaalipolitiikkaan? Unequal views of inequality: Cross-national support for redistribution 1985-2011 The Intercohort Dynamics of Support for Redistribution in 54 Countries, 1985-2017 Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviors: The Impacts of Environmental Attitudes and Governance in a Cross-National Context Pro-environmental behavior in an aging world: Evidence from 31 countries

    Authors: International Social Survey Programme (ISSP); Blom, Raimo; Melin, Harri; Tanskanen, Eero;

    Tutkimus käsitteli yhteiskuntaa ja ympäristöä. Vastaajilta kysyttiin erilaisista yhteiskuntaan liittyvistä asioista sekä ympäristöongelmista, ympäristön saastumisesta ja ympäristön suojelusta. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin millaisiin toimiin oltaisiin valmiita luonnonsuojelun hyväksi. Yhteiskuntaa käsittelevässä osassa kysyttiin, mitkä kysymykset olivat tärkeimpiä Suomen kannalta sillä hetkellä sekä esitettiin väittämiä talouden ongelmista ja tuloeroista. Kysytiin myös mitä asioita suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa tulisi painottaa, esitettiin väittämiä hallituksesta ja poliitikoista sekä tiedusteltiin luottamuksesta muihin ihmisiin. Ympäristöongelmia käsiteltiin kysymällä, miten huolestuneita vastaajat olivat ympäristöasioista ja mitä ympäristöongelmia pidettiin Suomen kannalta merkittävimpinä. Vastaajille esitettiin myös useita väittämiä joilla kartoitettiin suhtautumista ympäristöön ja sen tulevaisuuteen. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin, kuinka halukkaita vastaajat olisivat tekemään erilaisia asioita ympäristön hyväksi. Lisäksi kysyttiin kuinka vaarallisina erilaisia ympäristölle ongelmia aiheuttavia asioita pidettiin. Kysyttiin toimiiko Suomi rittävällä tavalla maailman ympäristönsuojelun hyväksi ja mitkä olisivat parhaat tavat saada Suomen teollisuus ja elinkeinoelämä sekä suomalaiset perheineen suojelemaan ympäristöä. Haluttiin myös tietää, mikä energiamuoto Suomen tulisi asettaa etusijalle vastatakseen tuleviin energiatarpeisiinsa sekä tiedusteltiin jätteiden lajittelusta. Taustamuuttujia olivat mm. sukupuoli, ikä, siviilisääty, koulutustaso ja koulutuksen pituus, nykyinen työmarkkina-asema, puolison nykyinen työmarkkina-asema, vastaajan ja puolison ammatti sekä perheen ja vastaajan tulot. The survey charted Finnish views on nature and the environment, environmental problems, pollution, environmental conservation, what people would be willing to do for the environment and what were important issues for society in general. The respondents were asked what issues they considered important in Finland (e.g. health care, education, the economy, the environment) and what were the most important things the country should do (maintain order, give people more say in government decisions, fight rising prices, protect freedom of speech). They were also asked to what extent they agreed with statements relating to how to solve income inequality and Finland's economic problems. Interpersonal trust and trust in government and politicians were also surveyed. Next questions focused on the environment. Views were probed on the most important environmental problems in Finland, the causes of and solutions to such problems, and the role of science and scientific solutions. Some questions pertained to the correlation between economic growth or population growth and the environment. Willingness to protect the environment through higher prices, higher taxes or cuts in the standard of living was surveyed. A number of statements charted the respondents' attitudes to environmental protection. Opinions were also probed on how dangerous for the environment certain things (e.g. air pollution, pesticides and chemicals in farming, water pollution, climate change, modifying the genes of crops) were, who should decide how to protect the environment, what were best ways to protect it, and what energy sources should be prioritised. The respondents were asked what measures they were taking to protect the environment. The measures mentioned included recycling, buying fruit or vegetables grown without pesticides or chemicals, cutting back on driving, saving or re-using water etc. Finally, the respondents were presented with two statements relating to the causes of climate change. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, years of full-time education, type of employer, legal marital/partnership status, trade union membership, religious affiliation, religious attendance, self-perceived social group, party affiliation, voting, household composition, R's and household income, and R's and spouse's/partner's employment relationship, working hours, occupational status, occupation and economic activity. Todennäköisyysotanta: systemaattinen otantaProbability.SystematicRandom Probability: Systematic randomProbability.SystematicRandom Itsetäytettävä lomake: paperinen lomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper Itsetäytettävä lomake: verkkolomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI Self-administered questionnaire: PaperSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2011
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2011
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hansson, Henri;

    Diplomityössä tarkasteltiin lentoaseman terminaalirakennuksen energia- ja ainevirtoja sekä sisäilman ominaisuuksia. Esimerkkikohteena oli Helsinki-Vantaan lentoaseman keskiterminaalirakennus, jonka 1. ja 2. rakennusvaiheen ulkovaippa muodosti taserajan. Taseen ulkopuolisista tekijöistä tarkasteltiin jäähdytysenergian tuotantoa ja ulkoilman laatua. Työn yhtenä tavoitteena oli muodostaa rakennukselle energiatase. Taseen avulla saatiin tietoa energian jakautumisesta eri toimintoihin ja löydettiin tekijät, joita suunnittelussa tulee painottaa. Terminaalin lähiympäristössä tutkittiin ulkoilman laatua mittausten avulla. Mittaustietoja käytetään apuna tulevaisuuden ilmanottosuunnittelussa. Työssä tarkasteltiin energia- ja ainevirtoina lämpö-, jäähdytys- ja sähköenergian sekä veden ostoa, tuotantoa ja kulutusta sekä prosessointia. Terminaalin lämpötarpeesta hieman yli puolet katettiin kaukolämmöllä. Loput noin 45 % lämpöenergiasta saatiin ns. ilmaisenergioista. Näistä merkittävimmäksi havaittiin sähkölaitteiden luovuttama lämpömäärä. Lämpöhäviöiden kannalta merkittäviä energiavirtoja olivat ilmanvaihdon ja vuotoilmojen kautta siirtyvät energiavirrat, joiden osuuden todettiin olevan noin 80 % terminaalin kokonaislämpöhäviöistä. Vaipan lämmöneristyskyky ja kyky absorboida auringon säteilyä todettiin hyviksi. Tulevaisuudessa tärkeitä suunnittelunäkökohtia tulevat olemaan ilmanvaihdon ja vuotoilman kautta siirtyvien energiavirtojen hallinta sekä sähköenergian ominaiskulutuksen pienentäminen. Ulkoilma todettiin mittauksin hyvätasoiseksi. Lento- ja maaliikenteen päästöarvot olivat lähellä toisiaan ja selvästi ohjearvoja alemmalla tasolla. Päästöjen sijaintiin vaikuttivat liikennemääriä enemmän tuuliolosuhteet. Tulevaisuudessa tuloilma voidaan johtaa terminaaliin yhtä hyvin joko lento- tai maaliikenteen puolelta. The aim of this study was to examine energy flows, material flows and indoor climate in an airport terminal building. The middle terminal building at Helsinki-Vantaa airport was used as an example object in the study. The exterior surface of the first and the second phases in the terminal building formed an energy balance border of the study. Cooling system and quality of open air were examined as exterior factors of the balance border. The object of this study was to create an energy balance for the terminal building. With the help of the formed energy balance has gotten information about distribution of energy flows into different functions and about factors which should be emphasized in planning. The quality of open air was measured in the surroundings of the terminal building. The results of the measurements will be used in ventilation planning. In this study heating, cooling, electric energy and water flows were examined from the perspectives of buying, producing, distributing and consuming these energy and material flows. Over 50 % of the heating needed in the terminal building was supplied by district heating. The rest of the heating need was covered by so called free energy. The most noticeable of these free energy forms was the heating energy submitted by electrical devices. From the aspect of thermal losses, ventilation and leak air were the most notable energy flows. Their amount of the total thermal losses in the terminal building was found to be about 80 %. Facade’s heat insulation and ability to absorb radiation from the sun were found to be good. In the future, control of energy flows in ventilation and leak air will be important designing aspects. Reduction of the specific consumption in electric energy is also worthy of consideration. The quality of open air was measured to be good. The quantities of emissions both in air traffic and land traffic sides were found to be close to each other and clearly below the guide lines. Wind conditions were observed to affect more to the location of emissions than the amount or quality of traffic in the airport area. In the future incoming air can be taken as well either from the air traffic side or from the land traffic side of the terminal building.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2001
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2001
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rantala, Olavi;

    This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole EU area, because CO2 emissions of the EU area emission trading sector determine the demand and price of emission allowances. The main conclusion from model simulations is that output and employment losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more se-vere in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland than in the rest of the EU area. The negative impacts of EU climate policy on export competitiveness, exports and output volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Research . 2008
    Data sources: EconStor
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Research . 2008
      Data sources: EconStor
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vinokurov, Mihail; Hammo, Simo; Hupponen, Mari; Luoranen, Mika;

    Hanke tähtää Lappeenrannan julkisen rakennuskannan energiatehokkuuden ja kokonaistaloudellisuuden parantamiseen. Energiatehokkuutta ja kokonaistaloudellisuutta kunnallisessa rakentamisessa kannustavat mm. kansainvälisten ja kansallisten sopimusten energiansäästötavoitteet, sekä kuntien tiukka budjettitilanne. Hankkeen yhteydessä on laadittu arviointikriteeristö rakennusinvestoinneista vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön, mikä helpottaa tunnistamaan energiatehokkaita, kokonaistaloudellisia sekä laadukasta sisäilmastoa tukevia rakennusinvestointien toteutuskäytäntöjä. Kriteeristö on suunniteltu erityisesti kasvatus- ja opetustarkoituksiin suunnattuja rakennuksia varten. Jotta kokonaistaloudellisuustavoitteet täyttyisivät, työssä käytettiin hyväksi elinkaariajattelutapaa. Kriteerit laadittiin rakennuksen kolmelle tavoitteiden toteutumisen kannalta merkittävälle elinkaaren vaiheelle, eli suunnittelu-, toteutus- ja käyttövaiheelle. Kriteeristö on laadittu kirjallisuuden ja ammattilaisten haastattelujen tarjoaman tiedon pohjalta. Laadittua kriteeristöä koekäytettiin Myllymäen päiväkoti -hankkeen yhteydessä, jotta voitaisiin tunnistaa kriteeristön kehitystarpeita. Koekäytön yhteydessä toteutettiin myös mielipidekysely, jonka avulla kerättiin kriteeristön kehitysehdotuksia rakennushankkeen eri osapuolilta. Koekäytön tarjoaman tiedon nojalla kriteeristöä jatkokehitettiin vastaamaan paremmin käytännön tarpeita. Koekäyttö kohdistui kohteen suunnitteluvaiheeseen. Hankkeessa saavutettiin asetetut tavoitteet. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kriteeristön jatkokehittämistä on syytä jatkaa. Koekäytön ulottaminen toteutus ja käyttövaiheeseen on tärkeää. Kriteeristön käsittelyalueen laajentamiselle korjausrakentamiseen sekä alueellisen tarkastelutavan käyttöönotolle olisi myös tarvetta. The aim of this project is the creation of a tool to improve the energy efficiency, overall economy and indoor climate quality in the public building stock of Lappeenranta. The motivation to improve the energy and cost efficiency in public buildings related to inter alia the energy saving targets set by international and national agreements and the economic challenges of municipalities. In the frames of this project, a set of evaluation criteria was created to help the officials responsible for building investments to identify methods for the implementation of new construction projects that promote energy and cost efficiency as well as indoor climate quality. The primary targets of the criteria are educational buildings. Life-cycle approach was used in this work in terms to ensure overall economy targets. The criteria were created for three phases of buildings’ life-cycle that were identified to be important from the perspective of the set targets. These phases were the design phase, construction phase and operational phase. The creation of criteria was based on the information gained from literature, interviews of professionals and the trial phase of criteria. In terms to identify the functionality of criteria, they were exposed for trial at the building project of Myllymäki kindergarten in Lappeenranta. The trial focused on the design phase of the object. In addition, the survey was conducted in terms to receive feedback and development proposals on the criteria from different parties of the building project. By using the new experience gained from the trial phase, the criteria were further developed. The targets set for this projects were met. However, it should be mentioned that there is a need to continue the further development of the criteria in the future. In addition to the design phase, it is important to extend the trial to the construction and operational phases. The extension of the scope of criteria to renovation projects and the implementation of a regional approach would also be important development steps. Loppuraportti

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2014
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2014
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Arposalo, Ari; Liedes, Matti;

    This research is part of a TRAKET-project which concentrates on the competitiveness of the transit routes to North-West Russia. This research report analyses the environmental and traffic safety effects of the transit traffic and the changes in their external cost effects as the traffic increases. Recommendations for the improvement of the environmental effects and the traffic accident rates are given in the report. In addition, measures to the development of new service concepts for the operators in transit traffic are presented. Tämätutkimus on osa TRAKET -hanketta, jossa keskitytään Luoteis-Venäjälle vievien transitoreittien kilpailukyvyn selvittämiseen. Tässä osatutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Suomen kautta kulkevan transitoliikenteen ympäristövaikutuksia ja turvallisuusnäkökohtia sekä niiden aiheuttamien kustannusten muuttumista liikennemäärän kasvaessa. Raportissa annetaan kehityssuosituksia ympäristö- ja onnettomuustilanteen parantamiseksi. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa esitetään uusien, transitoliikenteen osapuolille tarkoitettujen, lisäpalvelujen synnyttämiseen tarvittavia toimia.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2007
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2007
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kupari, Jussi;

    Diplomityön tavoitteena on tuottaa informaatiota kunnalliseen päätöksentekoon, jonka avulla kestävän kehityksen näkökulmia voidaan huomioida kunnan energiaratkaisusta päätettäessä. Yhtenä työn lähtökohtana on ollut myös uusi EU-direktiivi, jonka mukaan ympäristönäkökohtia voidaan huomioida julkisten hankintojen tarjouspyyntömenettelyssä valintaperusteena. Tarkastelun kohteena oli kokoluokaltaan 0,5–3 MW:n aluelämpölaitokset sekä polttoaineiden tuotantoketjut. Työssä vertailtavat polttoaineet olivat metsähake, raskas polttoöljy, kevyt polttoöljy ja turve. Diplomityössä on perehdytty kestävän kehityksen käsitteeseen ja muodostettu sen mukaan ekologiselle, sosiaaliselle ja taloudelliselle näkökulmalle kunnallisen energiaratkaisun indikaattoreita. Empiirisessä osassa käsitellään kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien muodostumista Enon energiaosuuskunnan toimintaan perustuen. Käytettävät kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien mukaiset indikaattorit ovat polttoaineen tuotannosta ja käytöstä aiheutuvat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt, polttoaineen tuotannon työllisyysvaikutukset sekä energian hinnan muodostuminen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. Tässä diplomityössä tarkastelluilla kestävän kehityksen indikaattoreilla mitattuna, metsähakkeen käytöllä energiantuotannossa on positiivinen vaikutus niin kunnan kasvihuonekaasutaseessa, työllisyystilanteessa sekä myös enemmän kuluttajaystävällinen asema, lämmön hinnan vakauden ansiosta, kuin muilla työssä käsiteltävillä polttoaineilla. Polttoaineen tuotantoketjun osalta metsähakkeelle saatiin tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamaksi kasvihuonekaasupäästöksi 2,9–4,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Tulos perustuu Enon energiaosuuskunnan polttoaineen hankinnassa käytössä oleviin keskimääräisiin etäisyyksiin metsäkuljetuksessa (250 m) ja kaukokuljetuksessa (15 km). Tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olivat raskaalla polttoöljyllä 88,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ, kevyellä polttoöljyllä 85,0 g CO2-ekv/MJ ja turpeella 104,0–108,1 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Metsähakkeen osalta polttoaineen tuotannon osuus koko tarkastellun energiaketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä oli noin 43–57 %. Enon energiaosuuskunnan tapauksessa vuoden 2005 odotetulla toiminta-asteella metsähakkeella tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt ovat noin 160 t CO2-ekv. Kevyellä polttoöljyllä tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olisivat noin 3700 t CO2-ekv sekä turpeen (50 %) ja metsähakkeen (50 %) seoskäyttöön perustuvalla ketjulla noin 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv. Samaisella toiminta-asteella työllisyysvaikutukset ovat käytettäessä metsähaketta 2,2–8,6 htv, raakaöljyä 0,12 htv ja turvetta 1,4–1,6 htv. Metsähakkeen käyttö aluelämpölaitosten pääpolttoaineena takaa myös vakaan hintakehityksen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. The aim of this study is to produce information on possibilities to consider the sustainable development perspectives in the municipal energy decision-making. One aspect is also the new EU-directive that allows the use of environmental aspects as selection criteria in supply request procedure of public supplies. The study focuses on small-scale district heating systems (between 0.5 and 3 MW) including their fuel-supply chains. The comparable fuels of the study were forest chips, heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and peat. The first part of the study discusses the concept of the sustainable development and establishes the indicators for ecological-, social- and economical aspects of the municipal energy production. The indicators used in empirical part of the study, which based on the Eno energy cooperative, were the equivalent CO2-emissions from the production and the combustion of the fuel, the employment impacts of the fuel production and the energy price formation for the consumers. The indicators show that using forest chips in energy production has a positive effect of reduced greenhouse gases. The use of wood in energy production also provides employment opportunities and is more favourable option to consumers, because of the steady fuel price, when compared to the other alternative fuels considered in this study. The equivalent CO2 emission from the production and use of the forest chips in Eno energy cooperative heating plants is approximately 2.9–4.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ when the average transportation distance in forest is 250 meters and on the road 15 kilometres. Equivalent CO2 emissions of the comparable fuel chains are 88.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ with heavy fuel oil, 85.0 g CO2-ekv/MJ with light fuel oil and 104.0–108.1 g CO2-ekv/MJ with peat. The share of the greenhouse gas emissions of the forest chips production is about 43–57 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production and the combustion of the forest chips. The estimated use of the forest chips in the Eno energy cooperative heating plants for the year 2005 is about 12 000 MWh. Equivalent CO2 emissions caused by the production and the use of the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate is 160 t CO2-ekv. If the heat is produced with comparable fuels, the amount of the greenhouse gas emissions would be 3700 t CO2-ekv with the light fuel oil and 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv with the mixture of peat (50 %) and forest chips (50 %). The employment effects of using the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate are between 2.2 and 8.6 man-years. If the same amount of energy is produced with comparable fuels, the effect would be 0.12 man-years with the heavy and light fuel oil, and 1.4–1.6 man-years with the peat. The use of forest chips as a fuel in energy production offers also very steady energy price for the consumers.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2005
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2005
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aranto, Niina;

    Nykypäivänä energiansäästötavoitteet ovat haasteena yhä useammalle energiankuluttajalle. Tavoitteisiin päästäkseen yritykset ja kunnalliset energiankuluttajat kaipaavat usein apua kannattavien energiansäätökeinojen löytämiseksi. Erilaiset energiakatselmukset vastaavat tähän tarpeeseen ja ovat esimerkki tuloksellisesta energiansäästöstä. Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto on tutkinut energiatehokkuutta pitkään erilaisissa projekteissa teollisuuden kanssa yhteistyössä. Osa LUT:n energiatehokkuustutkimusta ovat energia-auditoinnit yrityksille ja kunnille, joita LUT Energian projektin puitteissa alettiin kehittää vuoden 2008 syksyllä. Energia-auditointien fokuksena on pyritty pitämään pumppausprosessien energiatehokkuuden optimointia, sillä aihetta on tutkittu yliopistolla laajasti. Pumppausprosesseissa on todettu olevan merkittävä energiansäästöpotentiaali: pumppauksen kuluttamasta energiasta voi olla mahdollista säästää jopa 50 % erilaisilla laite- ja säästötaparatkaisuilla. Pumppausprosessien energia-auditointeja on tehty teollisuuden pumppauskohteisiin kuin myös kunnallisiin vesi-huoltolaitoksiin. Lisäksi energia-auditointien puitteissa on tutkittu energiansäästömahdollisuuksia rakennuksissa. Energiansäästökohteita etsitään sekä lämpö- että sähköenergian osalta. Energia-auditoinneissa pumppausten osalta energiansäästöpotentiaalia on todettu olevan etenkin suuren kokoluokan pumpuissa, joilla on pitkä vuosittainen käyttöaika. Myös pumppujen säätötavalla on suuri merkitys energiankulutukseen. Rakennusten osalta on pyritty selvittämään, kuinka energiankulutus jakautuu eri kulutusryhmien kesken. Säästökohteita on löydetty muun muassa rakennusten tiiviydestä, ilmanvaihdosta kuin valaistuksestakin. Monia auditointien asiakkaita on kiinnostanut etenkin led-teknologian hyödyntäminen yleisvalaistuksessa sekä muut keinot säästää valaistuksen energiankulutuksessa. Pyrkimyksenä on kehittää energia-auditointeja projektin aikana saavutettujen kokemusten avulla sekä myös liiketaloudellisessa mielessä opinnäytetutkielmien avulla. Menestyksekäs palveluliiketoiminta edellyttää määriteltyjä toimintatapoja, riittävän tarkkaa palvelujen rajausta ja koko energia-auditointiprosessin kehittämistä aina asiakassuhteen luomisesta sen jatko-hoitoon saakka. Nowadays energy saving goals are challenging energy consumers in the industrial- and municipal sector as well. To reach these goals many energy consumers need help to figure out economic ways to save energy. Energy audits by an outside consultant are useful help when determining the energy saving potential of the company. Energy audits are good examples of successful energy saving. Lappeenranta University of Technology has done energy efficiency related research for a long period in interactive cooperation with Finnish companies. Parts of the LUT’s energy efficiency research are energy audits for different kind of energy consumers. LUT’s energy audit project was started in the fall of 2008. Focus of the LUT’s energy audits has been energy efficiency of pumping processes, because the subject is widely studied at the department of LUT Energy. It has been indicated that the energy consumption of a pumping system might be decreased up to 50 percent by changing the drive components with more efficient ones and by changing the applied control method of the pump. LUT’s energy audits have been implemented for pumping processes in industry and also for municipal water supply and sewerage systems. In addition to pumping systems LUT’s energy audits have studied energy consumption of structures. An energy audit for building takes into account the HVAC systems of the structure and figures out ways to save energy for example in heating, ventilation and lighting. In energy audits energy saving potential has been discovered especially at the large sized pumps which are running most of the time. Also the applied control method of the pump has shown to play a significant role in energy efficiency of the pumping system. When it comes to the energy audits of buildings, the main points of consumption have been revealed. LUT’s energy audits have discovered energy saving potential for example in ventilation, lighting and insulation of the structure. Led-technology and its possibilities in general lighting has been one of the fields that many clients of the audits have been especially interested in. There is an aim to develop LUT’s energy audits by means of the experience gained during the auditing project. Energy auditing process is under improvements also from the business economical point of view by thesis study. Service oriented business requires defined methods, focusing and development of the whole service chain from creating the customer connections to after care of the customership.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2010
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2010
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
The following results are related to Energy Research. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
12 Research products
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ronkainen, Sami;

    Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tarkastella tulevaisuuden kehitysnäkymien vaikutusta Vaasan kaukolämpötoimintaan. Komartekin Flowra 32 verkostolaskentaohjelman avulla tutkitaan kaukolämpöverkon siirtokykyä nykyisissä ja tulevaisuuden kuormitustilanteissa. Työn yhteydessä laaditaan kaukolämmityksen kasvuennuste seuraavalle kymmenelle vuodelle ja selvitetään mitoituslämpötilaa -29°C vastaava teho tilastollisen analyysin avulla. Lisäksi tutkitaan mahdollisia ratkaisuja huippu- ja varatehon tuottamiseksi. Tarkastelun kohteena on myös lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastoinnin kannattavuus energianhankintajärjestelmässä. Kaukolämpöverkon siirtokyky on tarkastelun perusteella kohtalaisen hyvä, mutta liittymistehojen kasvaessa paine-erot verkon häntäpäässä jäävät liian alhaisiksi. Paras ratkaisu paine-ero ongelmaan on rakentaa välipumppaamo Hovioikeudenpuistoon. Tarkastelun perusteella kaukolämmön varatehon lisätarve on kymmenen vuoden kuluttua noin 40 MW ja varatehoksi on kannattavinta rakentaa raskasta polttoöljyä käyttävä lämpökeskus. Lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastointi on nykyisillä energianhinnoilla kohtalaisen kannattavaa varsinkin, jos Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö myöntää hankkeelle täyden 30%:n investointiavustuksen. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of future prospects on district heating in the town of Vaasa. Using Komartek`s Flowra 32 network computation software application, the transfer capacity of the district heating network is studied in current and future load situations. A growth forecast for the next ten years is prepared in connection with this thesis and the power that corresponds to a dimensioning temperature of -29°C obtained using statistical analysis. In addition, possible solutions for generating peak and back-up power are examined. The economic viability of the short-term heat storage in the energy purchasing system is also focus of the study. On the basis of the analysis, the transfer capacity of the district heat network is rather good, although as the connection power increases, pressure differences at the end of the network remain too low. The best solution for the pressure difference problem is to construct a booster pumping station in Hovioikeudenpuisto. The analysis showed that after ten years, the need for back-up district heating energy will be 40 MW and the most economically viable way of providing back-up energy will be to build a heating centre that runs on heavy fuel oil. At current energy prices, the short-term heat storage is economically viable, especially if the Ministry of Trade and Industry grants the project 30% of its value in the form of investment support.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2002
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2002
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Taloustutkimus; Ulkoasiainministeriö; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland;

    Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin suomalaisten mielipiteitä kehitysyhteistyöstä. Tutkimuksen on toteuttanut Taloustutkimus Oy Ulkoasiainministeriön toimeksiannosta. Kysely on jatkoa vuodesta 2002 toteutetuille tutkimuksille. Kysymykset käsittelivät laajasti kehitysyhteistyötä ja kehityspolitiikkaa. Niillä kartoitettiin mm. kehitysyhteistyön kohdentumista ja tuloksia, kehitysyhteistyön määrärahoja sekä kehitysyhteistyöstä saatavaa tietoa ja omaa osallistumista kehitysyhteistyöhön. Osa kysymyksistä on ollut mukana vuosien ajan samanmuotoisina, jolloin mielipiteiden muutosta voidaan seurata. Taustamuuttujina ovat sukupuoli, ikä, talouden tyyppi, internetin käyttö, työelämään osallistuminen, ammatti, koulutus, siviilisääty, perheen eniten ansaitsevan henkilön ammatti/asema ja koulutus, perheen tuloluokka, asunnon tyyppi sekä aluemuuttujia. The survey charted Finnish opinions on and knowledge of the country's development cooperation, its importance, content, objectives, and allocation. Some questions focused on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030). The data were collected as part of Taloustutkimus's national CAPI Omnibus study. The respondents were asked what they thought development cooperation was, how important they regarded development cooperation to be, and to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relating to development cooperation (e.g. "Development cooperation increases Finland's international influence"). Familiarity with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) was surveyed as well as views on the most important Sustainable Development Goals. Opinions on funding the private sector of developing countries were studied. Furthermore, thoughts on the significance of development cooperation in alleviating poverty and improving the lives of people in developing countries were investigated. The respondents were asked to choose two of the most important areas for advancing the rights and circumstances of girls and women. Regarding inequality, the respondents were asked how Finland could decrease global inequality. Views were studied on whether development cooperation could prevent refugee crisis from happening by helping people in their own country, and if Finland's development cooperation could help with preventing climate change. With regard to development cooperation by Finland, opinions were studied on the importance of Finnish humanitarian aid, the most important forms of development cooperation for Finland (e.g. bilateral, multilateral, cooperation through the EU), and to what causes should humanitarian aid primarily be directed to. The respondents' factual knowledge was charted by asking how much the respondents thought Finland was going to spend on development cooperation in 2017 (as percentage of the GNI and in euros). The respondents were asked whether Finland should increase or decrease the amount of funding allocated to development cooperation in light of the current economic situation. Some questions pertained to whether there was enough information available on development cooperation and developing countries, from which information sources the respondents had received information on these topics, and how reliable public authorities, voluntary/civic organisations and the media were as sources of such information. The respondents were also asked how they thought they could help the developing countries as individuals and how they had participated in helping the developing countries or people in those countries in the past year. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's age, gender, economic activity and occupational status, education, and marital status as well as economic activity/occupational status and education of the household head, household composition, ages of children living at home, gross annual income of the household, municipality size and type, major region (NUTS2) and region (NUTS3) of residence, type of accommodation, type of mobile phone, and Internet and social media use. Ei-todennäköisyysotanta: kiintiöpoimintaNonprobability.Quota Non-probability: QuotaNonprobability.Quota Kasvokkainen haastattelu: tietokoneavusteinen (CAPI tai CAMI)Interview.FaceToFace.CAPIorCAMI Face-to-face interview: Computer-assisted (CAPI/CAMI)Interview.FaceToFace.CAPIorCAMI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • Authors: Sutela, Inkeri;

    Tutkimuksessa kartoitettiin suomenkielisten lukio-opiskelijoiden mielipiteitä lukion taloustiedon kurssista ja sen aikana käytetyistä oppikirjoista, sekä ajatuksia kurssin suhteesta muun muassa kestävään kehitykseen. Aluksi vastaajilta kysyttiin kuinka kiinnostuneita he ovat esimerkiksi yhteiskunnallisista asioista tai puoluepolitiikasta yleisesti. Seuraavaksi vastaajilta tiedusteltiin kuinka hyödyllisenä tai mielenkiintoisena he pitivät lukion taloustiedon kurssia kokonaisuudessaan. Vastaajia pyydettiin arvioimaan kurssin vaikutusta kestävän kehityksen teemojen ymmärtämiseen, sekä myös perusteltua vastausta siihen, onko talouskasvun ja ekologisesti kestävän kehityksen yhdistäminen vastaajan mielestä ylipäätään mahdollista. Seuraavaksi vastaajilta tiedusteltiin mielipiteitä erilaisista väittämistä, kuten ”Talouskasvu on hyvä asia”. Myös mielipiteitä taloustieteilijöiden ja poliitikkojen taloudellisesta päätöksenteosta ja sen toimivuudesta kyseltiin. Taloustiedon kurssilla käytetystä oppikirjasta sekä opiskelusta kurssin aikana ylipäätään kysyttiin pyytämällä arvioimaan esimerkiksi oppikirjan käytännönläheisyyttä sekä erilaisten näkökulmien määrää. Lopuksi vastaajia pyydettiin arvioimaan, pitäisikö taloustiedon kurssin sisältää esimerkiksi eettistä pohdintaa sekä miettimään, minkälainen taloustiedon kurssin pitäisi heidän mielestään olla. Taustatietoina tutkimuksessa käytettiin opiskelijan sukupuolta, koulua sekä kurssilla käytetyn oppikirjan nimeä. This study charted Finnish-speaking upper secondary school students' opinions on the Economics course YH2 and the textbooks used during the course, as well as views on how the course relates to such themes as sustainable development and economic growth. First, the respondents' general interest in matters such as the economy, domestic and international news and party politics were examined. Next, the respondents were asked how useful, practical or interesting they thought the course was in general. They were asked to evaluate the effect of the course on making the students think about sustainable development and understanding it. The respondents were also asked if it was possible to combine economic growth and ecologically sustainable development, and they were asked to give reasons for their opinion. Next, the respondents were presented with a set of statements regarding economic growth, market economy and sustainable development, such as "Economic growth is a good thing", "Consumer choices direct industry to act more ethically", "It is possible to sustain economic growth in the long run", and "Wealth is a consequence of being diligent, creative, smart and industrious". Opinions on economic decision-making carried out by economists and politicians were also examined, e.g. with regard to whether or not politicians should consider the opinions of experts when making decisions related to the economy. Questions about teaching and the textbook used during the course charted their practicality, and it was asked whether or not topics were discussed from varying perspectives. Finally, the respondents were asked if the economics course should contain more topics concerning ethics in economic life, the global/national perspective or the individual's perspective. Background variables included the respondent's gender, type of the municipality in which the respondent's school is located and the textbook used during the course. Ei-todennäköisyysotanta: harkinnanvarainen poimintaNonprobability.Purposive Non-probability: PurposiveNonprobability.Purposive Itsetäytettävä lomake: verkkolomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • DDI description: ISSP 2010: Environment III: Finnish Data DDI-kuvailu: ISSP 2010: ympäristö III: Suomen aineisto ISSP 2010: Environment III: Finnish Data ISSP 2010: ympäristö III: Suomen aineisto Valosaaste Etelä-Karjalassa - yksityishenkilöiden näkemykset sekä kuntien ja metsäteollisuusyritysten valaisturatkaisut Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity Cross-National Variation of Gender Differences in Environmental Concern: Testing the Sociocultural Hindrance Hypothesis Revisiting the redistribution hypothesis with perceived inequality and redistributive preferences The contingent effects of environmental concern and ideology: institutional context and people's willingness to pay environmental taxes How far for the money? Affluence and democratic degrowth potential in Europe Institutionalized collective action and the relationship between beliefs about environmental problems and environmental actions: A cross-national analysis The threat of social decline: income inequality and radical right support Trust and Public Support for Environmental Protection in Diverse National Context Green European Environmental Behaviour and Attitudes in Europe in a Historical and Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective Youth environmental consciousness in Europe: The influence of psycho-social factors on pro-environmental behavior Recycling as a large-scale collective action dilemma: A cross-country study on trust and reported recycling behavior Kvantitatiivinen tutkimus ympäristöasenteiden ja toimijuuden yhteydestä Trust, political orientation, and environmental behavior Religion and Aggregate Support for Redistribution A Little More Action, Please: Increasing the Understanding about Citizens' Lack of Commitment to Protecting the Environment in Different National Contexts Global Convergence and National Disparities in the Structure of Environmental Attitudes and Their Linkage to Pro-Environmental Behaviours Sukupuoli ja ympäristöasenteet : tarkastelussa naisten ja miesten väliset asenne-erot ympäristökysymyksissä The feminization of environmental responsibility: a quantitative, cross-national analysis Raising awareness of climate change causes? Cross-national evidence for the normalization of societal risk perception of climate change Two Worlds of Environmentalism? Empirical Analyses on the Complex Relationship between Postmaterialism, National Wealth, and Environmental Concern Suomalaisten ympäristöasenteiden muutos ja väestöryhmittäiset profiilit 2000-luvulla Participation in green consumption among Finnish citizens by different sociodemographic variables Social Feedback Loop in the Organic Food Purchase Decision-Making Process Luottamuksen yhteydet suomalaisten ympäristöasenteisiin Tulotason yhteys yksilön ympäristöarvoihin ja ympäristötekoihin How Different Are the Nordics? Unravelling the Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for the Environment Environmental concerns during a time of duress: an introduction Public Opinion about the Environment: Testing Measurement Equivalence across Countries Environmental concern has a weaker association with pro-environmental behavior in some societies than others: A cross-cultural psychology perspective Public Attitudes toward Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues across Countries Wage Inequality and Structural Change Oma etu muutoshalukkuuden taustalla. Miten suomalaiset suhtautuvat ekososiaalipolitiikkaan? Unequal views of inequality: Cross-national support for redistribution 1985-2011 The Intercohort Dynamics of Support for Redistribution in 54 Countries, 1985-2017 Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviors: The Impacts of Environmental Attitudes and Governance in a Cross-National Context Pro-environmental behavior in an aging world: Evidence from 31 countries

    Authors: International Social Survey Programme (ISSP); Blom, Raimo; Melin, Harri; Tanskanen, Eero;

    Tutkimus käsitteli yhteiskuntaa ja ympäristöä. Vastaajilta kysyttiin erilaisista yhteiskuntaan liittyvistä asioista sekä ympäristöongelmista, ympäristön saastumisesta ja ympäristön suojelusta. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin millaisiin toimiin oltaisiin valmiita luonnonsuojelun hyväksi. Yhteiskuntaa käsittelevässä osassa kysyttiin, mitkä kysymykset olivat tärkeimpiä Suomen kannalta sillä hetkellä sekä esitettiin väittämiä talouden ongelmista ja tuloeroista. Kysytiin myös mitä asioita suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa tulisi painottaa, esitettiin väittämiä hallituksesta ja poliitikoista sekä tiedusteltiin luottamuksesta muihin ihmisiin. Ympäristöongelmia käsiteltiin kysymällä, miten huolestuneita vastaajat olivat ympäristöasioista ja mitä ympäristöongelmia pidettiin Suomen kannalta merkittävimpinä. Vastaajille esitettiin myös useita väittämiä joilla kartoitettiin suhtautumista ympäristöön ja sen tulevaisuuteen. Lisäksi tiedusteltiin, kuinka halukkaita vastaajat olisivat tekemään erilaisia asioita ympäristön hyväksi. Lisäksi kysyttiin kuinka vaarallisina erilaisia ympäristölle ongelmia aiheuttavia asioita pidettiin. Kysyttiin toimiiko Suomi rittävällä tavalla maailman ympäristönsuojelun hyväksi ja mitkä olisivat parhaat tavat saada Suomen teollisuus ja elinkeinoelämä sekä suomalaiset perheineen suojelemaan ympäristöä. Haluttiin myös tietää, mikä energiamuoto Suomen tulisi asettaa etusijalle vastatakseen tuleviin energiatarpeisiinsa sekä tiedusteltiin jätteiden lajittelusta. Taustamuuttujia olivat mm. sukupuoli, ikä, siviilisääty, koulutustaso ja koulutuksen pituus, nykyinen työmarkkina-asema, puolison nykyinen työmarkkina-asema, vastaajan ja puolison ammatti sekä perheen ja vastaajan tulot. The survey charted Finnish views on nature and the environment, environmental problems, pollution, environmental conservation, what people would be willing to do for the environment and what were important issues for society in general. The respondents were asked what issues they considered important in Finland (e.g. health care, education, the economy, the environment) and what were the most important things the country should do (maintain order, give people more say in government decisions, fight rising prices, protect freedom of speech). They were also asked to what extent they agreed with statements relating to how to solve income inequality and Finland's economic problems. Interpersonal trust and trust in government and politicians were also surveyed. Next questions focused on the environment. Views were probed on the most important environmental problems in Finland, the causes of and solutions to such problems, and the role of science and scientific solutions. Some questions pertained to the correlation between economic growth or population growth and the environment. Willingness to protect the environment through higher prices, higher taxes or cuts in the standard of living was surveyed. A number of statements charted the respondents' attitudes to environmental protection. Opinions were also probed on how dangerous for the environment certain things (e.g. air pollution, pesticides and chemicals in farming, water pollution, climate change, modifying the genes of crops) were, who should decide how to protect the environment, what were best ways to protect it, and what energy sources should be prioritised. The respondents were asked what measures they were taking to protect the environment. The measures mentioned included recycling, buying fruit or vegetables grown without pesticides or chemicals, cutting back on driving, saving or re-using water etc. Finally, the respondents were presented with two statements relating to the causes of climate change. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, years of full-time education, type of employer, legal marital/partnership status, trade union membership, religious affiliation, religious attendance, self-perceived social group, party affiliation, voting, household composition, R's and household income, and R's and spouse's/partner's employment relationship, working hours, occupational status, occupation and economic activity. Todennäköisyysotanta: systemaattinen otantaProbability.SystematicRandom Probability: Systematic randomProbability.SystematicRandom Itsetäytettävä lomake: paperinen lomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper Itsetäytettävä lomake: verkkolomakeSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI Self-administered questionnaire: PaperSelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI

    B2FINDarrow_drop_down
    B2FIND
    Other ORP type . 2011
    Data sources: B2FIND
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      B2FINDarrow_drop_down
      B2FIND
      Other ORP type . 2011
      Data sources: B2FIND
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hansson, Henri;

    Diplomityössä tarkasteltiin lentoaseman terminaalirakennuksen energia- ja ainevirtoja sekä sisäilman ominaisuuksia. Esimerkkikohteena oli Helsinki-Vantaan lentoaseman keskiterminaalirakennus, jonka 1. ja 2. rakennusvaiheen ulkovaippa muodosti taserajan. Taseen ulkopuolisista tekijöistä tarkasteltiin jäähdytysenergian tuotantoa ja ulkoilman laatua. Työn yhtenä tavoitteena oli muodostaa rakennukselle energiatase. Taseen avulla saatiin tietoa energian jakautumisesta eri toimintoihin ja löydettiin tekijät, joita suunnittelussa tulee painottaa. Terminaalin lähiympäristössä tutkittiin ulkoilman laatua mittausten avulla. Mittaustietoja käytetään apuna tulevaisuuden ilmanottosuunnittelussa. Työssä tarkasteltiin energia- ja ainevirtoina lämpö-, jäähdytys- ja sähköenergian sekä veden ostoa, tuotantoa ja kulutusta sekä prosessointia. Terminaalin lämpötarpeesta hieman yli puolet katettiin kaukolämmöllä. Loput noin 45 % lämpöenergiasta saatiin ns. ilmaisenergioista. Näistä merkittävimmäksi havaittiin sähkölaitteiden luovuttama lämpömäärä. Lämpöhäviöiden kannalta merkittäviä energiavirtoja olivat ilmanvaihdon ja vuotoilmojen kautta siirtyvät energiavirrat, joiden osuuden todettiin olevan noin 80 % terminaalin kokonaislämpöhäviöistä. Vaipan lämmöneristyskyky ja kyky absorboida auringon säteilyä todettiin hyviksi. Tulevaisuudessa tärkeitä suunnittelunäkökohtia tulevat olemaan ilmanvaihdon ja vuotoilman kautta siirtyvien energiavirtojen hallinta sekä sähköenergian ominaiskulutuksen pienentäminen. Ulkoilma todettiin mittauksin hyvätasoiseksi. Lento- ja maaliikenteen päästöarvot olivat lähellä toisiaan ja selvästi ohjearvoja alemmalla tasolla. Päästöjen sijaintiin vaikuttivat liikennemääriä enemmän tuuliolosuhteet. Tulevaisuudessa tuloilma voidaan johtaa terminaaliin yhtä hyvin joko lento- tai maaliikenteen puolelta. The aim of this study was to examine energy flows, material flows and indoor climate in an airport terminal building. The middle terminal building at Helsinki-Vantaa airport was used as an example object in the study. The exterior surface of the first and the second phases in the terminal building formed an energy balance border of the study. Cooling system and quality of open air were examined as exterior factors of the balance border. The object of this study was to create an energy balance for the terminal building. With the help of the formed energy balance has gotten information about distribution of energy flows into different functions and about factors which should be emphasized in planning. The quality of open air was measured in the surroundings of the terminal building. The results of the measurements will be used in ventilation planning. In this study heating, cooling, electric energy and water flows were examined from the perspectives of buying, producing, distributing and consuming these energy and material flows. Over 50 % of the heating needed in the terminal building was supplied by district heating. The rest of the heating need was covered by so called free energy. The most noticeable of these free energy forms was the heating energy submitted by electrical devices. From the aspect of thermal losses, ventilation and leak air were the most notable energy flows. Their amount of the total thermal losses in the terminal building was found to be about 80 %. Facade’s heat insulation and ability to absorb radiation from the sun were found to be good. In the future, control of energy flows in ventilation and leak air will be important designing aspects. Reduction of the specific consumption in electric energy is also worthy of consideration. The quality of open air was measured to be good. The quantities of emissions both in air traffic and land traffic sides were found to be close to each other and clearly below the guide lines. Wind conditions were observed to affect more to the location of emissions than the amount or quality of traffic in the airport area. In the future incoming air can be taken as well either from the air traffic side or from the land traffic side of the terminal building.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2001
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2001
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rantala, Olavi;

    This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole EU area, because CO2 emissions of the EU area emission trading sector determine the demand and price of emission allowances. The main conclusion from model simulations is that output and employment losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more se-vere in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland than in the rest of the EU area. The negative impacts of EU climate policy on export competitiveness, exports and output volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Research . 2008
    Data sources: EconStor
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Research . 2008
      Data sources: EconStor
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vinokurov, Mihail; Hammo, Simo; Hupponen, Mari; Luoranen, Mika;

    Hanke tähtää Lappeenrannan julkisen rakennuskannan energiatehokkuuden ja kokonaistaloudellisuuden parantamiseen. Energiatehokkuutta ja kokonaistaloudellisuutta kunnallisessa rakentamisessa kannustavat mm. kansainvälisten ja kansallisten sopimusten energiansäästötavoitteet, sekä kuntien tiukka budjettitilanne. Hankkeen yhteydessä on laadittu arviointikriteeristö rakennusinvestoinneista vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön, mikä helpottaa tunnistamaan energiatehokkaita, kokonaistaloudellisia sekä laadukasta sisäilmastoa tukevia rakennusinvestointien toteutuskäytäntöjä. Kriteeristö on suunniteltu erityisesti kasvatus- ja opetustarkoituksiin suunnattuja rakennuksia varten. Jotta kokonaistaloudellisuustavoitteet täyttyisivät, työssä käytettiin hyväksi elinkaariajattelutapaa. Kriteerit laadittiin rakennuksen kolmelle tavoitteiden toteutumisen kannalta merkittävälle elinkaaren vaiheelle, eli suunnittelu-, toteutus- ja käyttövaiheelle. Kriteeristö on laadittu kirjallisuuden ja ammattilaisten haastattelujen tarjoaman tiedon pohjalta. Laadittua kriteeristöä koekäytettiin Myllymäen päiväkoti -hankkeen yhteydessä, jotta voitaisiin tunnistaa kriteeristön kehitystarpeita. Koekäytön yhteydessä toteutettiin myös mielipidekysely, jonka avulla kerättiin kriteeristön kehitysehdotuksia rakennushankkeen eri osapuolilta. Koekäytön tarjoaman tiedon nojalla kriteeristöä jatkokehitettiin vastaamaan paremmin käytännön tarpeita. Koekäyttö kohdistui kohteen suunnitteluvaiheeseen. Hankkeessa saavutettiin asetetut tavoitteet. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kriteeristön jatkokehittämistä on syytä jatkaa. Koekäytön ulottaminen toteutus ja käyttövaiheeseen on tärkeää. Kriteeristön käsittelyalueen laajentamiselle korjausrakentamiseen sekä alueellisen tarkastelutavan käyttöönotolle olisi myös tarvetta. The aim of this project is the creation of a tool to improve the energy efficiency, overall economy and indoor climate quality in the public building stock of Lappeenranta. The motivation to improve the energy and cost efficiency in public buildings related to inter alia the energy saving targets set by international and national agreements and the economic challenges of municipalities. In the frames of this project, a set of evaluation criteria was created to help the officials responsible for building investments to identify methods for the implementation of new construction projects that promote energy and cost efficiency as well as indoor climate quality. The primary targets of the criteria are educational buildings. Life-cycle approach was used in this work in terms to ensure overall economy targets. The criteria were created for three phases of buildings’ life-cycle that were identified to be important from the perspective of the set targets. These phases were the design phase, construction phase and operational phase. The creation of criteria was based on the information gained from literature, interviews of professionals and the trial phase of criteria. In terms to identify the functionality of criteria, they were exposed for trial at the building project of Myllymäki kindergarten in Lappeenranta. The trial focused on the design phase of the object. In addition, the survey was conducted in terms to receive feedback and development proposals on the criteria from different parties of the building project. By using the new experience gained from the trial phase, the criteria were further developed. The targets set for this projects were met. However, it should be mentioned that there is a need to continue the further development of the criteria in the future. In addition to the design phase, it is important to extend the trial to the construction and operational phases. The extension of the scope of criteria to renovation projects and the implementation of a regional approach would also be important development steps. Loppuraportti

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2014
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2014
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Arposalo, Ari; Liedes, Matti;

    This research is part of a TRAKET-project which concentrates on the competitiveness of the transit routes to North-West Russia. This research report analyses the environmental and traffic safety effects of the transit traffic and the changes in their external cost effects as the traffic increases. Recommendations for the improvement of the environmental effects and the traffic accident rates are given in the report. In addition, measures to the development of new service concepts for the operators in transit traffic are presented. Tämätutkimus on osa TRAKET -hanketta, jossa keskitytään Luoteis-Venäjälle vievien transitoreittien kilpailukyvyn selvittämiseen. Tässä osatutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Suomen kautta kulkevan transitoliikenteen ympäristövaikutuksia ja turvallisuusnäkökohtia sekä niiden aiheuttamien kustannusten muuttumista liikennemäärän kasvaessa. Raportissa annetaan kehityssuosituksia ympäristö- ja onnettomuustilanteen parantamiseksi. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa esitetään uusien, transitoliikenteen osapuolille tarkoitettujen, lisäpalvelujen synnyttämiseen tarvittavia toimia.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2007
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2007
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Kupari, Jussi;

    Diplomityön tavoitteena on tuottaa informaatiota kunnalliseen päätöksentekoon, jonka avulla kestävän kehityksen näkökulmia voidaan huomioida kunnan energiaratkaisusta päätettäessä. Yhtenä työn lähtökohtana on ollut myös uusi EU-direktiivi, jonka mukaan ympäristönäkökohtia voidaan huomioida julkisten hankintojen tarjouspyyntömenettelyssä valintaperusteena. Tarkastelun kohteena oli kokoluokaltaan 0,5–3 MW:n aluelämpölaitokset sekä polttoaineiden tuotantoketjut. Työssä vertailtavat polttoaineet olivat metsähake, raskas polttoöljy, kevyt polttoöljy ja turve. Diplomityössä on perehdytty kestävän kehityksen käsitteeseen ja muodostettu sen mukaan ekologiselle, sosiaaliselle ja taloudelliselle näkökulmalle kunnallisen energiaratkaisun indikaattoreita. Empiirisessä osassa käsitellään kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien muodostumista Enon energiaosuuskunnan toimintaan perustuen. Käytettävät kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien mukaiset indikaattorit ovat polttoaineen tuotannosta ja käytöstä aiheutuvat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt, polttoaineen tuotannon työllisyysvaikutukset sekä energian hinnan muodostuminen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. Tässä diplomityössä tarkastelluilla kestävän kehityksen indikaattoreilla mitattuna, metsähakkeen käytöllä energiantuotannossa on positiivinen vaikutus niin kunnan kasvihuonekaasutaseessa, työllisyystilanteessa sekä myös enemmän kuluttajaystävällinen asema, lämmön hinnan vakauden ansiosta, kuin muilla työssä käsiteltävillä polttoaineilla. Polttoaineen tuotantoketjun osalta metsähakkeelle saatiin tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamaksi kasvihuonekaasupäästöksi 2,9–4,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Tulos perustuu Enon energiaosuuskunnan polttoaineen hankinnassa käytössä oleviin keskimääräisiin etäisyyksiin metsäkuljetuksessa (250 m) ja kaukokuljetuksessa (15 km). Tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olivat raskaalla polttoöljyllä 88,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ, kevyellä polttoöljyllä 85,0 g CO2-ekv/MJ ja turpeella 104,0–108,1 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Metsähakkeen osalta polttoaineen tuotannon osuus koko tarkastellun energiaketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä oli noin 43–57 %. Enon energiaosuuskunnan tapauksessa vuoden 2005 odotetulla toiminta-asteella metsähakkeella tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt ovat noin 160 t CO2-ekv. Kevyellä polttoöljyllä tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olisivat noin 3700 t CO2-ekv sekä turpeen (50 %) ja metsähakkeen (50 %) seoskäyttöön perustuvalla ketjulla noin 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv. Samaisella toiminta-asteella työllisyysvaikutukset ovat käytettäessä metsähaketta 2,2–8,6 htv, raakaöljyä 0,12 htv ja turvetta 1,4–1,6 htv. Metsähakkeen käyttö aluelämpölaitosten pääpolttoaineena takaa myös vakaan hintakehityksen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. The aim of this study is to produce information on possibilities to consider the sustainable development perspectives in the municipal energy decision-making. One aspect is also the new EU-directive that allows the use of environmental aspects as selection criteria in supply request procedure of public supplies. The study focuses on small-scale district heating systems (between 0.5 and 3 MW) including their fuel-supply chains. The comparable fuels of the study were forest chips, heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and peat. The first part of the study discusses the concept of the sustainable development and establishes the indicators for ecological-, social- and economical aspects of the municipal energy production. The indicators used in empirical part of the study, which based on the Eno energy cooperative, were the equivalent CO2-emissions from the production and the combustion of the fuel, the employment impacts of the fuel production and the energy price formation for the consumers. The indicators show that using forest chips in energy production has a positive effect of reduced greenhouse gases. The use of wood in energy production also provides employment opportunities and is more favourable option to consumers, because of the steady fuel price, when compared to the other alternative fuels considered in this study. The equivalent CO2 emission from the production and use of the forest chips in Eno energy cooperative heating plants is approximately 2.9–4.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ when the average transportation distance in forest is 250 meters and on the road 15 kilometres. Equivalent CO2 emissions of the comparable fuel chains are 88.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ with heavy fuel oil, 85.0 g CO2-ekv/MJ with light fuel oil and 104.0–108.1 g CO2-ekv/MJ with peat. The share of the greenhouse gas emissions of the forest chips production is about 43–57 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production and the combustion of the forest chips. The estimated use of the forest chips in the Eno energy cooperative heating plants for the year 2005 is about 12 000 MWh. Equivalent CO2 emissions caused by the production and the use of the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate is 160 t CO2-ekv. If the heat is produced with comparable fuels, the amount of the greenhouse gas emissions would be 3700 t CO2-ekv with the light fuel oil and 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv with the mixture of peat (50 %) and forest chips (50 %). The employment effects of using the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate are between 2.2 and 8.6 man-years. If the same amount of energy is produced with comparable fuels, the effect would be 0.12 man-years with the heavy and light fuel oil, and 1.4–1.6 man-years with the peat. The use of forest chips as a fuel in energy production offers also very steady energy price for the consumers.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    LUTPub
    2005
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      LUTPub
      2005
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aranto, Niina;

    Nykypäivänä energiansäästötavoitteet ovat haasteena yhä useammalle energiankuluttajalle. Tavoitteisiin päästäkseen yritykset ja kunnalliset energiankuluttajat kaipaavat usein apua kannattavien energiansäätökeinojen löytämiseksi. Erilaiset energiakatselmukset vastaavat tähän tarpeeseen ja ovat esimerkki tuloksellisesta energiansäästöstä. Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto on tutkinut energiatehokkuutta pitkään erilaisissa projekteissa teollisuuden kanssa yhteistyössä. Osa LUT:n energiatehokkuustutkimusta ovat energia-auditoinnit yrityksille ja kunnille, joita LUT Energian projektin puitteissa alettiin kehittää vuoden 2008 syksyllä. Energia-auditointien fokuksena on pyritty pitämään pumppausprosessien energiatehokkuuden optimointia, sillä aihetta on tutkittu yliopistolla laajasti. Pumppausprosesseissa on todettu olevan merkittävä energiansäästöpotentiaali: pumppauksen kuluttamasta energiasta voi olla mahdollista säästää jopa 50 % erilaisilla laite- ja säästötaparatkaisuilla. Pumppausprosessien energia-auditointeja on tehty teollisuuden pumppauskohteisiin kuin myös kunnallisiin vesi-huoltolaitoksiin. Lisäksi energia-auditointien puitteissa on tutkittu energiansäästömahdollisuuksia rakennuksissa. Energiansäästökohteita etsitään sekä lämpö- että sähköenergian osalta. Energia-auditoinneissa pumppausten osalta energiansäästöpotentiaalia on todettu olevan etenkin suuren kokoluokan pumpuissa, joilla on pitkä vuosittainen käyttöaika. Myös pumppujen säätötavalla on suuri merkitys energiankulutukseen. Rakennusten osalta on pyritty selvittämään, kuinka energiankulutus jakautuu eri kulutusryhmien kesken. Säästökohteita on löydetty muun muassa rakennusten tiiviydestä, ilmanvaihdosta kuin valaistuksestakin. Monia auditointien asiakkaita on kiinnostanut etenkin led-teknologian hyödyntäminen yleisvalaistuksessa sekä muut keinot säästää valaistuksen energiankulutuksessa. Pyrkimyksenä on kehittää energia-auditointeja projektin aikana saavutettujen kokemusten avulla sekä myös liiketaloudellisessa mielessä opinnäytetutkielmien avulla. Menestyksekäs palveluliiketoiminta edellyttää määriteltyjä toimintatapoja, riittävän tarkkaa palvelujen rajausta ja koko energia-auditointiprosessin kehittämistä aina asiakassuhteen luomisesta sen jatko-hoitoon saakka. Nowadays energy saving goals are challenging energy consumers in the industrial- and municipal sector as well. To reach these goals many energy consumers need help to figure out economic ways to save energy. Energy audits by an outside consultant are useful help when determining the energy saving potential of the company. Energy audits are good examples of successful energy saving. Lappeenranta University of Technology has done energy efficiency related research for a long period in interactive cooperation with Finnish companies. Parts of the LUT’s energy efficiency research are energy audits for different kind of energy consumers. LUT’s energy audit project was started in the fall of 2008. Focus of the LUT’s energy audits has been energy efficiency of pumping processes, because the subject is widely studied at the department of LUT Energy. It has been indicated that the energy consumption of a pumping system might be decreased up to 50 percent by changing the drive components with more efficient ones and by changing the applied control method of the pump. LUT’s energy audits have been implemented for pumping processes in industry and also for municipal water supply and sewerage systems. In addition to pumping systems LUT’s energy audits have studied energy consumption of structures. An energy audit for building takes into account the HVAC systems of the structure and figures out ways to save energy for example in heating, ventilation and lighting. In energy audits energy saving potential has been discovered especially at the large sized pumps which are running most of the time. Also the applied control method of the pump has shown to play a significant role in energy efficiency of the pumping system. When it comes to the energy audits of buildings, the main points of consumption have been revealed. LUT’s energy audits have discovered energy saving potential for example in ventilation, lighting and insulation of the structure. Led-technology and its possibilities in general lighting has been one of the fields that many clients of the audits have been especially interested in. There is an aim to develop LUT’s energy audits by means of the experience gained during the auditing project. Energy auditing process is under improvements also from the business economical point of view by thesis study. Service oriented business requires defined methods, focusing and development of the whole service chain from creating the customer connections to after care of the customership.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    LUTPub
    2010
    Data sources: LUTPub
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      LUTPub
      2010
      Data sources: LUTPub
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.