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  • Energy Research
  • 2016-2025
  • 13. Climate action
  • 15. Life on land
  • 6. Clean water
  • 14. Life underwater
  • Russian

  • Устойчивое развитие растениеводства Краснодарского края базируется на ресурсо- и энергосбережении сортов и технологий растениеводства, которые должны быть регионально-, ландшафтно- и экологически дифференцированы для реализации их потенциала, обеспечения продуктивности и устойчивости. Продуктивность и устойчивость − это производное всей системы агроландшафта, оптимальной структуры посевных площадей, севооборотов, достаточной доли многолетних трав. Стратегией устойчивого развития растениеводства в современных условиях является рациональное сельскохозяйственное природопользование, целенаправленная оптимальная пространственно-временная организация современных агроландшафтов. Такой подход обеспечивают оптимизация видового состава сельскохозяйственных культур и структуры посевных площадей, размещения сельскохозяйственных культур (пропашные, зерновые, однолетние и многолетние травы) по элементам агроландшафта, применение современных технологий и системы севооборотов. Повышение плодородия почв обеспечивается за счет оптимального насыщения посевных площадей бобовыми и бобово-злаковыми многолетними травами. Sustainable development of plant growing in the Krasnodar region is based on resource and energy conservation of crop varieties and technologies, which should be regional, landscape and ecologically differentiated to realize their potential, ensure productivity and sustainability. Productivity and sustainability of the entire agrolandscape system include an optimal structure of crop areas, crop rotations, and a sufficient percentage of perennial grasses. The strategy of sustainable development of the crop production means rational agricultural nature management, purposeful optimal spatio-temporal organization of contemporary agrolandscapes. This approach provides optimization of the species composition of crops and the structure of cropping areas, the type of crops (row crops, grains, annual and perennial grasses) by elements of the agrolandscape, the use of modern technologies and crop rotation systems. Increase in soil fertility is ensured by an optimal saturation of cropping lands with leguminous and legume-cereal perennial grasses.

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  • The article considers the power consumption of rural households in the Belgorod region. An assessment was made of the possibility of extending the results of the analysis to other areas of the “middle lane” of Russia. The indicators that allow a positive answer to the questions posed are considered. These are: long-term average wind speed; average long-term specific arrival of solar radiation on a horizontal area of 1 m2; per capita electricity consumption per villager; electricity consumption per 1 m2 of living space of a rural resident. In general, the data indicate a quite satisfactory representation of the results obtained for assessing the possibilities of power supply for households using renewable energy sources in the regions of the "middle lane" of Russia. The ratio of the maximum power consumption to the average power consumption for various averaging periods is determined: 10 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, by months of the year and year. The value of the ratio of these powers indicates the need to consider their overload capacity when choosing inverters, and batteries have limitations when charging and discharging. An assessment of the payback period of four options for power supply systems was carried out: two options based on wind turbines with connection to the grid and stand-alone, and two similar options based on photovoltaic modules. Prices for equipment are taken at the level of the beginning of 2018, that is, before the onset of the crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic, since calculations at the current constantly rising prices are completely meaningless. Дан анализ электропотребления сельского домовладения в Белгородской области. Определена возможность распространения результатов анализа на другие области средней полосы России. Рассмотрены показатели, позволяющие положительно ответить на поставленные вопросы. Таковыми являются: среднемноголетняя скорость ветра; среднемноголетний удельный приход солнечной радиации на горизонтальную площадку; душевое потребление электроэнергии на одного сельского жителя; потребление электроэнергии на 1_м2 жилой площади сельского дома. В целом данные указывают на вполне удовлетворительное представительство полученных результатов для оценки возможностей электроснабжения домовладения с использованием ВИЭ в областях средней полосы России. Определено отношение максимальной потребляемой мощности к средней годовой потребляемой мощности для различных периодов осреднения: 10_с, 1_мин, 5_мин. Это отношение необходимо учитывать при выборе инверторов, имея в виду их перегрузочную способность, а у аккумуляторных батарей учитывать ограничения при заряде и разряде. Определён простой срок окупаемости четырёх вариантов систем электроснабжения: два варианта на базе ветроэнергетической установки (ВЭУ) с присоединением к сети и в автономном режиме, и два аналогичных варианта на базе фотоэлектрических модулей. Электрические станции, Выпуск 3 2023, Pages 51-61

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  • The monograph is devoted to the prospects for the development of the energy market in China in the context of increasing instability in the global energy sector, the imbalance of supply and demand for oil and natural gas and the large"scale development of the green agenda. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the new trend of the transition to the widespread use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels — the so"called energy transition as a new direction of global energy development, which has an impact on China. The transformations laid down in the energy transition entail changes in the energy policy of various countries. The author examines the external and internal dimensions of the modern energy policy of the country. It is stated that the broad gasification of the country is positioned as the leading strategic priority of China's modern energy policy, along with the development of renewable energy sources. The book also touches on the issues of China's energy policy in the context of Russian interests, including the active participation of Chinese companies in the development of the Arctic zone of Russia. The monograph contains a number of materials tested in the author's recent works published in 2020—2021. Here they are presented in an augmented form. Монография посвящена рассмотрению перспектив развития энергетического рынка в Китае в условиях нарастающей нестабильности в мировой энергетике, дисбаланса спроса и предложения на нефть и природный газ и масштабного развития зеленой повестки. Особое внимание уделено анализу нового тренда перехода к широкому использованию возобновляемых источников энергии вместо ископаемых видов топлива — так называемый энергетический переход как новое направление развития мировой энергетики, которое оказывает воздействие и на Китай. Преобразования, закладываемые в энергопереход, влекут за собой внесение изменений в энергетическую политику различных стран. Автор рассматривает внешнее и внутреннее измерения современной энергетической политики страны. Констатируется, что в качестве ведущего стратегического приоритета современной энергетической политики Китая, наряду с развитием возобновляемых источников энергии, позиционируется широкая газификация страны. В книге затрагиваются и вопросы энергетической политики Китая в контексте российских интересов, включая активное участие китайских компаний в освоении арктической зоны России. Монография содержит ряд материалов, апробированных в недавних работах автора, опубликованных в 2020—2021 гг. Здесь они представлены в дополненном виде.

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  • In this article, the main goal is an attempt to present conclusions on the analysis of changes in China's environmental policy in the framework of sustainable development goals. Within the framework of the SDGs, China is moving in three main directions: economic, social and environmental. All three components are somehow interconnected with each other; however, the article provides conclusions only on the environmental component. Thus, data for the last ten years are taken as a basis, including reasonable indicators in the UN 2030 agenda. It is important to note that despite the fact that China paid great attention to the economy during a significant period of its existence, however, positive shifts towards improving the environment have recently been noticed. It was concluded that this change has made a positive contribution to China's sustainable development by creating a more balanced framework for future development using both mandatory and market-based instruments. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the SDGs in the field of ecology, it is necessary, on the one hand, to accelerate the process of creating an “ecological civilization”, and on the other hand, pay attention to policy coordination, considering existing problems in the environmental, social and economic spheres. в данной статье главной целью служит попытка предоставить выводы по анализу изменений экологической политики Китая в рамках целей устойчивого развития. В рамках ЦУР Китай двигается в трех основных направлениях: экономической, социальной и экологической. Все три компонента так или иначе взаимосвязаны с друг-другом, однако в статье приводятся выводы только по экологическому компоненту. Таким образом за основу взяты данные за последние десять лет, в том числе обоснованные показатели в повестке ООН до 2030 года. Важно отметить, что несмотря на то, что Китай в существенное время своего существования уделял большое внимание экономике, в последнее время были замечены позитивные сдвиги в сторону улучшения экологии. Был сделан вывод о том, что данное изменение внесло позитивный вклад в устойчивое развитие Китая, сформировав более сбалансированную структуру для будущего развития с использованием как обязательных, так и рыночных инструментов. Тем не менее для выполнения ЦУР в области экологии нужно, с одной стороны, ускорить процесс создания «экологической цивилизации», а с другой, обратить внимание на координацию политики с учетом существующих проблем в экологической, социальной и экономической сферах. Осы мақалада негізгі мақсат - тұрақты даму мақсаттары шеңберінде Қытайдың экологиялық саясатындағы өзгерістерді талдау бойынша қорытындыларды ұсыну әрекеті болып табылады.. ТДМ шеңберінде Қытай үш негізгі бағытта қозғалады: экономикалық, әлеуметтік және экологиялық. Барлық үш құрамдас бір-бірімен қандай да бір түрде байланысты, дегенмен мақалада тек экологиялық компонент бойынша қорытындылар берілген. Осылайша, БҰҰ-ның 2030 күн тәртібіндегі негізді көрсеткіштерді қоса алғанда, соңғы он жылдағы деректер негізге алынды. Қытай өзінің өмір сүрген елеулі кезеңінде экономикаға үлкен көңіл бөлгеніне қарамастан, соңғы уақытта қоршаған ортаны жақсарту бағытында оң өзгерістер байқалғанын атап өткен жөн. Бұл өзгеріс міндетті және нарықтық құралдарды пайдалана отырып, болашақ даму үшін анағұрлым теңдестірілген негіз құру арқылы Қытайдың тұрақты дамуына оң ықпал етті деген қорытындыға келді. Осыған қарамастан, экология саласындағы ТМД-ға қол жеткізу үшін, бір жағынан, «экологиялық өркениетті» құру үдерісін жеделдету қажет, ал екінші жағынан, саясатты үйлестіруге назар аудару қажет. экологиялық, әлеуметтік және экономикалық салалардағы бар проблемалар. Международные отношения и Регионоведение, Выпуск 4 (50) 2022

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    Authors: orcid bw Bushuev Vitaly;
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    Scientific, educational, cultural and educational network Journal

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    Authors: Denis Y. Davydov; Sergey G. Obukhov;

    Relevance. The urgent task of the technical and economic development of the Northern and Eastern regions of Russia is to provide reliable and efficient power supply to consumers, geographically located in remote, hard-to-reach areas. The use of wind power plants is a promising way to solve this problem. The primary task of the design and feasibility study of the use of wind power plants is to predict changes in wind speeds at the site of the power plant installation. The stochastic nature of the wind and its spatiotemporal variability explain the high complexity of this problem, for the solution of which the methods of mathematical modeling are used. The known models of wind speed based on Markov chains, autoregressive moving-average and other discrete models do not allow varying the time step, which does not allow their use for simulation of operating modes of wind turbines and wind energy systems. The article proposes a model of wind speed based on the stochastic differential equation which eliminates this drawback. The aim of the study is to construct wind speed model based on fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process with a periodic long-term mean, which provides modeling of static and dynamic modes of operation of a wind power plant at different time intervals. Methods: mathematical and computer modeling using Matlab/Simulink software environment. Results. The proposed model, in contrast to the known SDE-based models, is able to produce autocorrelated wind speed trajectories with long-term dependence, daily and monthly variations to perform more detailed simulation of the operating modes of wind turbines at different time intervals with the required time step. The model was tested using the data of climatic observations of wind speed obtained from electronic archive of the All-Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information. The model adequacy was evaluated by comparing characteristics of simulated wind speed trajectories with actual observations collected at 518 weather stations located on territory of Russia.

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    Tariffs for energy and energy resources are the main factors determining the sustainable development of the economy. The aim of the paper is to determine and compare the dynamics evolution of the tariffs for thermal energy and the evolution of the gross domestic product (GDP).The data on the heat consumption and tariff change in the city of Chisinau were examined in monetary terms and in relative units compared to the base year 2009. The higher the tariffs, the more part of the GDP, characterized in the economy by the volume of "Output", is spent on "Intermediate consumption (PP)". The difference between "Output" and "Intermediate consumption" volumes is the "gross added value (VAB)", which is the main component of GDP. The analysis of the changes in the real GDP volume of the Republic of Moldova and the increase of the tariffs for the years 2009-2017 (taking into account the GDP forecast for 2018) show that the increase in the tariffs for thermal energy significantly exceeded the real GDP growth. Considering that the planned GDP growth is 4,7% and taking into account the change in the consumer price index (inflation rate), the calculated reduction of the thermal energy tariff in Chisinau is estimated at 28% compared to the existing value, so to 803 lei / Gcal compared to the currently regulated value of 1122 lei / Gcal. The conclusion was reached on the opportunity of applying the proposed methodology to justify current tariffs and in the near future not only extends to thermal energy tariffs, but also for other types of energy, material resources and services in the field of production and social sphere.

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  • The purpose of this work is to analyze the current projects of the World Energy Agency (IEA) aimed at exploring the potential for reducing the cost of producing new types of biofuels, in terms of methodology, status and first results. As a result, it was revealed that, as a methodological basis, IEA projects use a top-down approach to the analysis of primary data (top-down), the theory of learning curves for forecasting and classical project analysis. Expert surveys, meta-analysis of primary data, and sensitivity analysis of projects are used as the main research methods. The main results of the IEA projects indicate that despite the significant potential for cost reduction in the production of many types of biofuels, it is not possible to achieve price parity with traditional fuels based on hydrocarbons in the medium term. Keywords: bioenergy, cost reduction, biofuel production, project analysis. Целью настоящей работы является анализ текущих проектов Мирового Энергетического Агентства (МЭА), направленных на изучение потенциала для снижения затрат на производство новых видов биотоплива, с точки зрения методологии, статуса и первых результатов. В результате было выявлено, что как методологическую основу проекты МЭА используют нисходящий подход к анализу первичных данных (top-down), теорию кривых обучения для прогнозирования и классический проектный анализ. В качестве основных методов исследования используют экспертные опросы, мета-анализ первичных данных, анализ чувствительности проектов. Основные результаты проектов МЭА свидетельствуют о том, что несмотря на существенный потенциал снижения затрат при производстве многих видов биотоплив, достичь ценового паритета с традиционными видами топлива, основанными на углеводородах, в среднесрочной перспективе не удается. Экономический вестник ИПУ РАН, Выпуск 3 2022, Pages 45-52

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  • В статье исследован мировой опыт проектирования зданий с применением технологий «зеленого» строительства. Сегодня имеет место рост негативных антропогенных воздействий на природу, что ставить перед мировой общественностью вопрос о том, каким образом необходимо решать проблемы, возникающие при взаимодействии природы и человека, в том числе, в условиях развития цифровизации и обеспечения цифровой безопасности. Среди таких проблем особое место отводится программе энергосбережения. Указанная проблема является новой, её поднимали специалисты ещё в конце XX века. В качестве актуальной также следует назвать проблему экологического кризиса. Значительно ухудшает экологическое состояние, наряду с другими факторами, и архитектура. К процессам возведения и эксплуатации зданий становится источником выбросов в окружающую среду значительного количества вредных веществ. The article explores the world experience in the design of buildings using green building technologies. Today there is an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on nature, which poses to the world community the question of how to solve problems arising from the interaction of nature and man, including in the context of the development of digitalization and digital security. Among such problems, a special place is given to the energy conservation program. This problem is new, it was raised by experts at the end of the 20th century. The problem of the environmental crisis should also be called relevant. Significantly worsens the ecological state, along with other factors, and architecture. By the processes of construction and operation of buildings, it becomes a source of significant amounts of harmful substances into the environment.

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  • На разновозрастной залежи, расположенной на территории опытного поля ВНИИ земледелия и защиты почв от эрозии (Курская область, Медвенский район), в течение 16 лет изучали особенности динамики показателей агроэкологического состояния чернозема типичного залежной экосистемы возрастом 17, 25 и 33 года. Установлено, что многолетнее консервирование (перевод пашни в залежь) чернозема типичного приводит к повышению уровня его плодородия. При самовосстановлении залежных почв отмечено возрастание содержания органического вещества (органического углерода почвы, негумифицированного органического вещества, подвижных гумусовых веществ, подвижных гуминовых кислот, подвижных фульвокислот), улучшение агрофизических свойств, а также положительная тенденция увеличения других агрохимических показателей, значительное возрастание водоустойчивости почвы. С повышением возраста залежи надземная фитомасса увеличивается, а масса войлока уменьшается. Отсутствие длительной антропогенной нагрузки на почвы приводит к улучшению ее агроэкологического состояния, что, несомненно, отразится на увеличении экологической емкости агроландшафта. The dynamics of indicators of agroecological state of Chernozem typical of a fallow ecosystem aged 17, 25 and 33 years were studied for 16 years on a multi-age Deposit located on the territory of the experimental field of the Institute of agriculture and soil protection from erosion (Kursk region, Medvensky district). It is established that long-term conservation (transfer of arable land to a deposit) of typical Chernozem lead to an increase in its fertility. During self- regenerating of fallow soils, there was an increase in the content of organic matter (organic carbon of the soil, inhumified organic matter, mobile humus substances, mobile humic acids, mobile fulvic acids), improvement of agrophysical properties, as well as a positive trend of increasing other agrochemical indicators, a significant increase in soil water resistance. With increasing fallow age, the aboveground phytomass increased, and the weight of felt decreases. The absence of a long-term anthropogenic load on the soil lead to the improvement in its agroecological state, which will undoubtedly affect the increase in the ecological capacity of the agrolandscape.

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