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  • 16. Peace & justice
  • Russian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Экстремистская деятельность представляет угрозу жизни и здоровью граждан, угрозу стабильному развитию (а порой и существованию) государства. Основой противодействия распространению идеологии экстремизма является воспитание граждан правового, демократического государства, способных к социализации в условиях гражданского общества, уважающих права и свободы личности. Гражданская культура студентов рассматривается как система, состоящая из трех компонентов: когнитивного, потребностно-мотивационного, поведенчески-деятельностного. В качестве примера практической реализации модели формирования гражданской культуры студентов предложен и детально охарактеризован проект «Мы вместе!» The extremist activity poses a threat to the life and health of citizens. It also affects the sustainable development (and sometimes the very existence) of a state. The basis of the extremism ideology counter-proliferation is to educate the citizens of a law-governed and democratic state capable of socialization in a civil society and showing respect to individual rights and freedoms. Students’ civic culture is viewed as a system consisting of three components: cognitive, need-motivational, behavioral-active ones. As an example of the practical implementation of civic culture formation model the project “We are together!” is offered and described in detail.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Civil aviation industry is constantly changing. The changes are associated not only with flight operations and air navigation services, but also with aviation personnel compliance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) language proficiency standards. Language proficiency requirements were sufficiently increased after the ICAO representatives had revealed a direct link between the aviation accidents and incidents and low proficiency in English of the participants of these events. Increased ICAO language proficiency requirements raised the issue of foreign language competence as an integral component of professional competence of aviation specialists. Thus, the development of foreign language competence, being a high-priority competence of an aviation specialist requires exploring educational technologies that will allow structuring English language training at aviation school and improving the quality of language training of pilots and air traffic controllers. The purpose of the article is to give the rationale for the implementation of W.M. Rivers’ interactive language teaching principles in teaching aviation school cadets a foreign language. The methods used are analysis of the regulatory documents of higher education and the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) legal documents regulating aviation safety and the method of deduction. The methods of interactive teaching, proposed by a professor of Harvard University W.M. Rivers were discussed. The author revealed the compliance of the interactive principles with the principles adopted by Russian pedagogical science. What is more, the uniqueness of the principles was specified. The comparison of teaching principles adopted by European education environment with the principles adopted by Russian scientific pedagogical environment was considered for the first time. The consistent implementation of the principles of interactive language teaching introduced by W.M. Rivers in foreign language teaching will allow the lecturers of higher education institutions to improve the quality of language training at non-language institutions of higher education. Отрасль гражданской авиации постоянно претерпевает изменения, которые связаны не только с выполнением полетов гражданских судов и их аэронавигационным обслуживанием, но и с соответствием персонала языковым стандартам Международной организации гражданской авиации. Вопрос ужесточения языковых требований встал после того, как представители ИКАО выявили прямую связь между авиационными катастрофами и происшествиями и знанием английского языка участниками этих событий. Ужесточение языковых требований затронуло проблему развития иноязычной компетентности как неотъемлемого компонента профессиональной компетентности авиационных специалистов. Таким образом, развитие иноязычной компетентности, являющейся приоритетной для авиационного специалиста, требует поиска образовательной технологии обучения, позволяющей структурировать обучение английскому языку в авиационном вузе и повысить качество языковой подготовки пилотов и диспетчеров. Цель статьи научно обосновать реализацию принципов интерактивной образовательной технологии В.М. Риверс (W.M. Rivers) в обучении иностранному языку курсантов авиационного вуза. Для достижения поставленной цели был использован анализ нормативных документов в сфере высшего профессионального образования и нормативно-правовые документы Международной организации гражданской авиации (ИКАО), регламентирующие деятельность по обеспечению авиационной безопасности, метод дедукции. Обоснованы методы интерактивного обучения, предложенные профессором Гарвардского университета В.М. Риверс. Выявлена степень их соответствия принципам, принятым в российской педагогической науке, и их уникальность. Впервые проведено сравнение педагогических принципов, принятых в европейской образовательной среде, с принципами, принятыми в русскоязычной научной педагогической среде. Последовательная реализация принципов интерактивного обучения В.М. Риверс в обучении иностранному языку позволит преподавателям образовательных учреждений высшего профессионального образования повысить качество языковой подготовки в неязыковых вуза.

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  • The article examines the terminological aspect of the legal regulation of the safety of the oil and gas industry and the correlation of the main concepts in the field of safety in this area. Considering the place of the security of the oil and gas industry in the system of national and energy security, the authors conclude that the security of the oil and gas industry in the general security system is part (an important element) of energy security, which, in turn, is one of the types of national security. В статье исследуются терминологический аспект правового регулирования безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли и соотношение основных понятий в области безопасности в данной сфере. Рассматривая место безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли в системе национальной и энергетической безопасности, авторы делают вывод о безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли в общей системе безопасности как части (важного элемента) энергетической безопасности, являющейся, в свою очередь, одним из видов национальной безопасности. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПРАВО, Выпуск 5 2021, Pages 16-21

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The article is devoted to the maintenance and preservation of peace on our planet, reflected in the activities and writings of Nobel peace prize laureate, philosopher and humanist Albert Schweitzer. This article uses previously unknown in our literature documents. Раскрыты проблемы поддержания и сохранения мира на нашей планете, отраженные в деятельности и трудах лауреата Нобелевской премии мира, мыслителя-гуманиста Альберта Швейцера. Использованы ранее неизвестные в нашей литературе документы.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Вестник Санкт-Петерб...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Вестник Санкт-Петерб...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    В статье авторы поднимают проблемные вопросы теории и практики реализации органами внутренних дел Республики Беларусь осмотра, досмотра и обыска как процессуальных действий, закрепленных в административном законодательстве республики. Обоснованы теоретические положения, раскрывающие сущность осмотра, досмотра и обыска, выявлены проблемы их реализации. Предложены изменения и дополнения в конкретные нормативные правовые акты. The articles studies the theoretical and practical questions of observation, examination and search carried out by the law enforcement bodies under the Administrative Law of the Republic of Belarus. The authors give theoretical grounds of observation, examination and search; reveal problems of their implementation. The article contains some suggestions of changing and amending the corresponding law acts.

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  • Relevance and goals. Stability of the world oil market is one of foundations for sustainable functioning of modern global economy, in which oil is the basic resource of production process not only for fuel, but also for many consumer goods. Accordingly, implementation of economic interests of various participating countries in this market leads to dominance in the world economy. The goal of the study is to identify the main trends in development of the world oil market in modern conditions and to determine economic interests of the main countries participating in the market. Materials and methods. Realization of the goal was achieved on the basis of study of statistical indicators of oil trade in the world market, comparative analysis of the activities of countries in exporting and importing oil. The research methodology is based on systematic approach. Results. The analysis of current state of the world oil market was carried out, the main exporters and importers of oil were identified, the share of oil in foreign trade of the main participating countries was determined and their influence on the state of the market was highlighted. Conclusions. The world oil market is unstable and is influenced by many factors: from the activities of individual states (the United States and China have a significant impact on both demand and supply of oil), oil organizations (OPEC sets oil production quotas for its participants and limits oil supply) to the coronavirus pandemic, which led to noticeable drop in demand and, consequently, lower prices in the market in 2020. Актуальность и цели. Стабильность мирового рынка нефти является одной из основ устойчивого функционирования современной глобальной экономики, в которой нефть – базовый ресурс производственного процесса не только для топлива, но и для многих потребительских товаров. Соответственно реализация экономических интересов различных стран-участниц на этом рынке приводит к доминированию в мировой экономике. Целью исследования является выявление основных тенденций развития мирового рынка нефти в современных условиях и определение экономических интересов основных стран-участниц рынка. Материалы и методы. Реализация поставленной цели была достигнута на основе изучения статистических показателей торговли нефтью на мировом рынке, сравнительного анализа деятельности стран по экспорту и импорту нефти. Методология исследования базируется на системном подходе. Результаты. Проведен анализ современного состояния мирового рынка нефти, выделены основных экспортеры и импортеры нефти, определена доля нефти во внешней торговле основных стран-участниц и выделено их влияние на состояние рынка. Выводы. Мировой рынок нефти является нестабильным и на него оказывают влияние множество факторов: от деятельности отдельных государств (США и Китай оказывающих заметное влияние как на спрос, так и на предложение нефти), нефтяных организаций (ОПЕК устанавливает квоты добычи нефти свои участникам и ограничивает предложение нефти) до пандемии коронавируса, которая привела к заметному падению спроса и соответственно снижению цен на рынке в 2020 г. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 8 (157) 2023, Pages 496-501

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  • В современном мире накопление твердых коммунальных отходов превращается в глобальную проблему всего человечества, становится опасной угрозой окружающей среде и здоровью людей. В этих условиях новые практики управления отходами носят сложный комплексный характер, включая в себя инфраструктурные, управленческие, финансовые и социокультурные компоненты. В исследовании рассмотрена эволюция политики управления отходами в Евросоюзе. Анализ механизмов и инструментов, которые используются в Евросоюзе при решении основных проблем обращения с отходами, а также оценка достигнутых высоких результатов позволяют сделать вывод о правильности выбранной ЕС стратегии в управлении твердыми коммунальными отходами. В этих условиях организациям России предлагается использовать наиболее продвинутый зарубежный опыт в области обращения с отходами. Анализ российского и мирового опыта в решении проблем обращения с отходами на региональном уровне позволил выявить взаимосвязанные проблемы, сдерживающие развитие процессов обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами в России. К основным проблемам, которые были рассмотрены в исследовании, относятся: 1) наличие противоречий между российским законодательством и международными стандартами, формирующими практику в сфере обращения с отходами; 2) низкая роль органов местного самоуправления в организации деятельности по управлению процессами обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами; 3) отсутствие производственной инфраструктуры по переработке твердых коммунальных отходов; 4) низкий уровень раздельного сбора твердых коммунальных отходов; 5) несогласованность интересов между субъектами в сфере обращения с отходами. Решение данных проблем позволит создать основу для формирования единой национальной стратегии по управлению процессами обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами. Реализация национальной стратегии в сфере обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами позволит создать региональные экологические программы, механизмы и инструменты, которые способны добиться высоких результатов, полученных в передовых странах Евросоюза, влияющих на уровень регионального развития и качество жизни населения. Today, the accumulation of municipal solid waste has become a serious threat to the environment and human health and a global problem for the humankind. Under these conditions, new waste management practices are becoming increasingly complex and include infrastructural, managerial, financial and socio-cultural components. The work deals with the development of waste management policies in the European Union. The analysis of the mechanisms and tools used in the European Union to solve the main problems of waste management, as well as the assessment of the achieved results, allow us to conclude that the EU strategy for the management of municipal solid waste brings positive results. In the current situation, the Russian organizations can use the most advanced international experiences in the field of waste management. The analysis of Russian and world experience in resolving waste management problems at the regional level revealed interconnected problems that hinder the development of solid municipal waste management in Russia. The main problems considered in the study are the following: 1) contradictions between the Russian legislation and international standards in the field of waste management; 2) lack of involvement of local authorities in organizing the solid municipal waste management; 3) lack of industrial regional and municipal infrastructure for municipal solid waste processing; 4) lack of a system for the separate collection of solid municipal waste; 5) inconsistency of interests between entities in the field of waste management. The solution of these problems will create the basis for the unified national strategy for organizing solid municipal waste management processes. The implementation of the national strategy in the field of solid municipal waste management will ensure the development of the regional environmental programs, mechanisms and tools that can achieve the same high results as obtained in the leading countries of the European Union and improve the level of regional development and quality of life of the population. Бизнес. Образование. Право, Выпуск 1 (54) 2021

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    Nowadays the projects of teaching foreign students Russian language using distance learning technologies are increasing in number. This tendency defines the necessity to increase the intercultural competence of all the participants of such projects. The experience of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law in the development and implementation of the workshop “Learn the other culture” is described in this article. The main aim of this workshop is to raise the level of intercultural competence of teachers and other participants of projects which is important for effective teaching Russian as a foreign language at a distance. В настоящее время все более актуальными становятся проекты дистанционного обучения иностранных студентов. Данная тенденция определяет необходимость повышения межкультурной компетенции всех участников образовательных проектов в данной области. Описан опыт Института экономики, управления и права в разработке и апробации семинара-тренинга «Познаем другую культуру», целью которого является повышение уровня межкультурной компетенции преподавателей и других участников проекта, необходимой им для эффективного обучения иностранных студентов русскому языку по дистанционной форме.

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  • In this paper we study the category of thermal power. Based on the results of the analysis of legal texts, the author concludes that there are three values of the concept of «thermal power» in the current legislation. The first one is a quantitative characteristic of thermal energy as an independent object of civil rights. The second meaning follows from the design of «thermal energy (power)». It involves consideration of capacity as an object of civil rights, but definition in this sense is not formulated. In the third case, thermal power is considered as a legal goal of rendering services, performing work to maintain reserve capacity or assigning the power rights when connected. As a result, the author proposes to consider the thermal power and its turnover in the way similar to the turnover of the lease rights. В настоящей работе исследуется категория тепловой мощности. По итогам анализа правовых текстов автор делает вывод о наличии в действующем законодательстве трех значений понятия «тепловая мощность». Первое представляет собой количественную характеристику тепловой энергии как самостоятельного объекта гражданских прав. Второе значение вытекает из конструкции «тепловая энергия (мощность)». Оно предполагает рассмотрение мощности в качестве объекта гражданских прав, но определение в данном значении не формулируется. В третьем случае тепловая мощность рассматривается как правовая цель оказания услуг, выполнения работ по поддержанию резервной мощности либо уступки прав на мощность при подключении. В итоге автор предлагает рассматривать тепловую мощность и ее оборот по аналогии с оборотом права аренды. №2(43) (2018)

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    Вооруженное противостояние в Сирии между действующей властью и оппозицией (внутренней и внешней) наряду с активностью боевиков запрещенной в России террористической организации «Исламское государство» (ИГ), начавшееся в марте 2011 г., практически сразу вышло за рамки внутригосударственного военно-политического конфликта, а затем и за пределы Ближневосточного региона. В сирийский кризис оказались вовлечены другие страны и международные коалиции, в связи с чем этот конфликт приобрел статус самого острого и глобального противостояния современности. Он находится в фокусе внимания региональных держав (Турции, Израиля, Ирана), монархий Персидского залива, соседних с Сирией арабских стран, ведущих стран НАТО и ЕС, Китая и России. Статья посвящена характеристике позиций основных действующих игроков войны в Сирии. The armed conflict in Syria between the current government and the opposition (domestic and foreign) along with the activity of the militants of the terrorist organization “Islamic state” (ISIL) banned in Russia, which began in March 2011, almost immediately went beyond military and political conflict within the country, and then beyond the Middle East region. Other countries and international coalitions were involved into the Syrian crisis, that's why this conflict has acquired the status of a global and acute in our days. It appeared in the focus of the regional powers (Turkey, Israel, Iran), the Gulf monarchies, Syria's neighboring Arab countries, as well as leading countries of NATO and the EU, China and Russia. The article discusses stances of the main current players of the Syrian conflict.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Экстремистская деятельность представляет угрозу жизни и здоровью граждан, угрозу стабильному развитию (а порой и существованию) государства. Основой противодействия распространению идеологии экстремизма является воспитание граждан правового, демократического государства, способных к социализации в условиях гражданского общества, уважающих права и свободы личности. Гражданская культура студентов рассматривается как система, состоящая из трех компонентов: когнитивного, потребностно-мотивационного, поведенчески-деятельностного. В качестве примера практической реализации модели формирования гражданской культуры студентов предложен и детально охарактеризован проект «Мы вместе!» The extremist activity poses a threat to the life and health of citizens. It also affects the sustainable development (and sometimes the very existence) of a state. The basis of the extremism ideology counter-proliferation is to educate the citizens of a law-governed and democratic state capable of socialization in a civil society and showing respect to individual rights and freedoms. Students’ civic culture is viewed as a system consisting of three components: cognitive, need-motivational, behavioral-active ones. As an example of the practical implementation of civic culture formation model the project “We are together!” is offered and described in detail.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Civil aviation industry is constantly changing. The changes are associated not only with flight operations and air navigation services, but also with aviation personnel compliance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) language proficiency standards. Language proficiency requirements were sufficiently increased after the ICAO representatives had revealed a direct link between the aviation accidents and incidents and low proficiency in English of the participants of these events. Increased ICAO language proficiency requirements raised the issue of foreign language competence as an integral component of professional competence of aviation specialists. Thus, the development of foreign language competence, being a high-priority competence of an aviation specialist requires exploring educational technologies that will allow structuring English language training at aviation school and improving the quality of language training of pilots and air traffic controllers. The purpose of the article is to give the rationale for the implementation of W.M. Rivers’ interactive language teaching principles in teaching aviation school cadets a foreign language. The methods used are analysis of the regulatory documents of higher education and the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) legal documents regulating aviation safety and the method of deduction. The methods of interactive teaching, proposed by a professor of Harvard University W.M. Rivers were discussed. The author revealed the compliance of the interactive principles with the principles adopted by Russian pedagogical science. What is more, the uniqueness of the principles was specified. The comparison of teaching principles adopted by European education environment with the principles adopted by Russian scientific pedagogical environment was considered for the first time. The consistent implementation of the principles of interactive language teaching introduced by W.M. Rivers in foreign language teaching will allow the lecturers of higher education institutions to improve the quality of language training at non-language institutions of higher education. Отрасль гражданской авиации постоянно претерпевает изменения, которые связаны не только с выполнением полетов гражданских судов и их аэронавигационным обслуживанием, но и с соответствием персонала языковым стандартам Международной организации гражданской авиации. Вопрос ужесточения языковых требований встал после того, как представители ИКАО выявили прямую связь между авиационными катастрофами и происшествиями и знанием английского языка участниками этих событий. Ужесточение языковых требований затронуло проблему развития иноязычной компетентности как неотъемлемого компонента профессиональной компетентности авиационных специалистов. Таким образом, развитие иноязычной компетентности, являющейся приоритетной для авиационного специалиста, требует поиска образовательной технологии обучения, позволяющей структурировать обучение английскому языку в авиационном вузе и повысить качество языковой подготовки пилотов и диспетчеров. Цель статьи научно обосновать реализацию принципов интерактивной образовательной технологии В.М. Риверс (W.M. Rivers) в обучении иностранному языку курсантов авиационного вуза. Для достижения поставленной цели был использован анализ нормативных документов в сфере высшего профессионального образования и нормативно-правовые документы Международной организации гражданской авиации (ИКАО), регламентирующие деятельность по обеспечению авиационной безопасности, метод дедукции. Обоснованы методы интерактивного обучения, предложенные профессором Гарвардского университета В.М. Риверс. Выявлена степень их соответствия принципам, принятым в российской педагогической науке, и их уникальность. Впервые проведено сравнение педагогических принципов, принятых в европейской образовательной среде, с принципами, принятыми в русскоязычной научной педагогической среде. Последовательная реализация принципов интерактивного обучения В.М. Риверс в обучении иностранному языку позволит преподавателям образовательных учреждений высшего профессионального образования повысить качество языковой подготовки в неязыковых вуза.

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  • The article examines the terminological aspect of the legal regulation of the safety of the oil and gas industry and the correlation of the main concepts in the field of safety in this area. Considering the place of the security of the oil and gas industry in the system of national and energy security, the authors conclude that the security of the oil and gas industry in the general security system is part (an important element) of energy security, which, in turn, is one of the types of national security. В статье исследуются терминологический аспект правового регулирования безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли и соотношение основных понятий в области безопасности в данной сфере. Рассматривая место безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли в системе национальной и энергетической безопасности, авторы делают вывод о безопасности нефтегазовой отрасли в общей системе безопасности как части (важного элемента) энергетической безопасности, являющейся, в свою очередь, одним из видов национальной безопасности. СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПРАВО, Выпуск 5 2021, Pages 16-21

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    The article is devoted to the maintenance and preservation of peace on our planet, reflected in the activities and writings of Nobel peace prize laureate, philosopher and humanist Albert Schweitzer. This article uses previously unknown in our literature documents. Раскрыты проблемы поддержания и сохранения мира на нашей планете, отраженные в деятельности и трудах лауреата Нобелевской премии мира, мыслителя-гуманиста Альберта Швейцера. Использованы ранее неизвестные в нашей литературе документы.

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    В статье авторы поднимают проблемные вопросы теории и практики реализации органами внутренних дел Республики Беларусь осмотра, досмотра и обыска как процессуальных действий, закрепленных в административном законодательстве республики. Обоснованы теоретические положения, раскрывающие сущность осмотра, досмотра и обыска, выявлены проблемы их реализации. Предложены изменения и дополнения в конкретные нормативные правовые акты. The articles studies the theoretical and practical questions of observation, examination and search carried out by the law enforcement bodies under the Administrative Law of the Republic of Belarus. The authors give theoretical grounds of observation, examination and search; reveal problems of their implementation. The article contains some suggestions of changing and amending the corresponding law acts.

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  • Relevance and goals. Stability of the world oil market is one of foundations for sustainable functioning of modern global economy, in which oil is the basic resource of production process not only for fuel, but also for many consumer goods. Accordingly, implementation of economic interests of various participating countries in this market leads to dominance in the world economy. The goal of the study is to identify the main trends in development of the world oil market in modern conditions and to determine economic interests of the main countries participating in the market. Materials and methods. Realization of the goal was achieved on the basis of study of statistical indicators of oil trade in the world market, comparative analysis of the activities of countries in exporting and importing oil. The research methodology is based on systematic approach. Results. The analysis of current state of the world oil market was carried out, the main exporters and importers of oil were identified, the share of oil in foreign trade of the main participating countries was determined and their influence on the state of the market was highlighted. Conclusions. The world oil market is unstable and is influenced by many factors: from the activities of individual states (the United States and China have a significant impact on both demand and supply of oil), oil organizations (OPEC sets oil production quotas for its participants and limits oil supply) to the coronavirus pandemic, which led to noticeable drop in demand and, consequently, lower prices in the market in 2020. Актуальность и цели. Стабильность мирового рынка нефти является одной из основ устойчивого функционирования современной глобальной экономики, в которой нефть – базовый ресурс производственного процесса не только для топлива, но и для многих потребительских товаров. Соответственно реализация экономических интересов различных стран-участниц на этом рынке приводит к доминированию в мировой экономике. Целью исследования является выявление основных тенденций развития мирового рынка нефти в современных условиях и определение экономических интересов основных стран-участниц рынка. Материалы и методы. Реализация поставленной цели была достигнута на основе изучения статистических показателей торговли нефтью на мировом рынке, сравнительного анализа деятельности стран по экспорту и импорту нефти. Методология исследования базируется на системном подходе. Результаты. Проведен анализ современного состояния мирового рынка нефти, выделены основных экспортеры и импортеры нефти, определена доля нефти во внешней торговле основных стран-участниц и выделено их влияние на состояние рынка. Выводы. Мировой рынок нефти является нестабильным и на него оказывают влияние множество факторов: от деятельности отдельных государств (США и Китай оказывающих заметное влияние как на спрос, так и на предложение нефти), нефтяных организаций (ОПЕК устанавливает квоты добычи нефти свои участникам и ограничивает предложение нефти) до пандемии коронавируса, которая привела к заметному падению спроса и соответственно снижению цен на рынке в 2020 г. Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 8 (157) 2023, Pages 496-501

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  • В современном мире накопление твердых коммунальных отходов превращается в глобальную проблему всего человечества, становится опасной угрозой окружающей среде и здоровью людей. В этих условиях новые практики управления отходами носят сложный комплексный характер, включая в себя инфраструктурные, управленческие, финансовые и социокультурные компоненты. В исследовании рассмотрена эволюция политики управления отходами в Евросоюзе. Анализ механизмов и инструментов, которые используются в Евросоюзе при решении основных проблем обращения с отходами, а также оценка достигнутых высоких результатов позволяют сделать вывод о правильности выбранной ЕС стратегии в управлении твердыми коммунальными отходами. В этих условиях организациям России предлагается использовать наиболее продвинутый зарубежный опыт в области обращения с отходами. Анализ российского и мирового опыта в решении проблем обращения с отходами на региональном уровне позволил выявить взаимосвязанные проблемы, сдерживающие развитие процессов обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами в России. К основным проблемам, которые были рассмотрены в исследовании, относятся: 1) наличие противоречий между российским законодательством и международными стандартами, формирующими практику в сфере обращения с отходами; 2) низкая роль органов местного самоуправления в организации деятельности по управлению процессами обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами; 3) отсутствие производственной инфраструктуры по переработке твердых коммунальных отходов; 4) низкий уровень раздельного сбора твердых коммунальных отходов; 5) несогласованность интересов между субъектами в сфере обращения с отходами. Решение данных проблем позволит создать основу для формирования единой национальной стратегии по управлению процессами обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами. Реализация национальной стратегии в сфере обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами позволит создать региональные экологические программы, механизмы и инструменты, которые способны добиться высоких результатов, полученных в передовых странах Евросоюза, влияющих на уровень регионального развития и качество жизни населения. Today, the accumulation of municipal solid waste has become a serious threat to the environment and human health and a global problem for the humankind. Under these conditions, new waste management practices are becoming increasingly complex and include infrastructural, managerial, financial and socio-cultural components. The work deals with the development of waste management policies in the European Union. The analysis of the mechanisms and tools used in the European Union to solve the main problems of waste management, as well as the assessment of the achieved results, allow us to conclude that the EU strategy for the management of municipal solid waste brings positive results. In the current situation, the Russian organizations can use the most advanced international experiences in the field of waste management. The analysis of Russian and world experience in resolving waste management problems at the regional level revealed interconnected problems that hinder the development of solid municipal waste management in Russia. The main problems considered in the study are the following: 1) contradictions between the Russian legislation and international standards in the field of waste management; 2) lack of involvement of local authorities in organizing the solid municipal waste management; 3) lack of industrial regional and municipal infrastructure for municipal solid waste processing; 4) lack of a system for the separate collection of solid municipal waste; 5) inconsistency of interests between entities in the field of waste management. The solution of these problems will create the basis for the unified national strategy for organizing solid municipal waste management processes. The implementation of the national strategy in the field of solid municipal waste management will ensure the development of the regional environmental programs, mechanisms and tools that can achieve the same high results as obtained in the leading countries of the European Union and improve the level of regional development and quality of life of the population. Бизнес. Образование. Право, Выпуск 1 (54) 2021

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    Nowadays the projects of teaching foreign students Russian language using distance learning technologies are increasing in number. This tendency defines the necessity to increase the intercultural competence of all the participants of such projects. The experience of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law in the development and implementation of the workshop “Learn the other culture” is described in this article. The main aim of this workshop is to raise the level of intercultural competence of teachers and other participants of projects which is important for effective teaching Russian as a foreign language at a distance. В настоящее время все более актуальными становятся проекты дистанционного обучения иностранных студентов. Данная тенденция определяет необходимость повышения межкультурной компетенции всех участников образовательных проектов в данной области. Описан опыт Института экономики, управления и права в разработке и апробации семинара-тренинга «Познаем другую культуру», целью которого является повышение уровня межкультурной компетенции преподавателей и других участников проекта, необходимой им для эффективного обучения иностранных студентов русскому языку по дистанционной форме.

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  • In this paper we study the category of thermal power. Based on the results of the analysis of legal texts, the author concludes that there are three values of the concept of «thermal power» in the current legislation. The first one is a quantitative characteristic of thermal energy as an independent object of civil rights. The second meaning follows from the design of «thermal energy (power)». It involves consideration of capacity as an object of civil rights, but definition in this sense is not formulated. In the third case, thermal power is considered as a legal goal of rendering services, performing work to maintain reserve capacity or assigning the power rights when connected. As a result, the author proposes to consider the thermal power and its turnover in the way similar to the turnover of the lease rights. В настоящей работе исследуется категория тепловой мощности. По итогам анализа правовых текстов автор делает вывод о наличии в действующем законодательстве трех значений понятия «тепловая мощность». Первое представляет собой количественную характеристику тепловой энергии как самостоятельного объекта гражданских прав. Второе значение вытекает из конструкции «тепловая энергия (мощность)». Оно предполагает рассмотрение мощности в качестве объекта гражданских прав, но определение в данном значении не формулируется. В третьем случае тепловая мощность рассматривается как правовая цель оказания услуг, выполнения работ по поддержанию резервной мощности либо уступки прав на мощность при подключении. В итоге автор предлагает рассматривать тепловую мощность и ее оборот по аналогии с оборотом права аренды. №2(43) (2018)

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    Вооруженное противостояние в Сирии между действующей властью и оппозицией (внутренней и внешней) наряду с активностью боевиков запрещенной в России террористической организации «Исламское государство» (ИГ), начавшееся в марте 2011 г., практически сразу вышло за рамки внутригосударственного военно-политического конфликта, а затем и за пределы Ближневосточного региона. В сирийский кризис оказались вовлечены другие страны и международные коалиции, в связи с чем этот конфликт приобрел статус самого острого и глобального противостояния современности. Он находится в фокусе внимания региональных держав (Турции, Израиля, Ирана), монархий Персидского залива, соседних с Сирией арабских стран, ведущих стран НАТО и ЕС, Китая и России. Статья посвящена характеристике позиций основных действующих игроков войны в Сирии. The armed conflict in Syria between the current government and the opposition (domestic and foreign) along with the activity of the militants of the terrorist organization “Islamic state” (ISIL) banned in Russia, which began in March 2011, almost immediately went beyond military and political conflict within the country, and then beyond the Middle East region. Other countries and international coalitions were involved into the Syrian crisis, that's why this conflict has acquired the status of a global and acute in our days. It appeared in the focus of the regional powers (Turkey, Israel, Iran), the Gulf monarchies, Syria's neighboring Arab countries, as well as leading countries of NATO and the EU, China and Russia. The article discusses stances of the main current players of the Syrian conflict.

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