Seawater carbonate chemistry and coral calcification
Seawater carbonate chemistry and coral calcification
Coral reefs are constructed by calcifiers that precipitate calcium carbonate to build their shells or skeletons through the process of calcification. Accurately assessing coral calcification rates is crucial to determine the health of these ecosystems and their response to major environmental changes such as ocean warming and acidification. Several approaches have been used to assess rates of coral calcification but there is a real need to compare these approaches in order to ascertain that high quality and intercomparable results can be produced. Here, we assessed four methods (total alkalinity anomaly, calcium anomaly, 45Ca incorporation and 13C incorporation) to determine coral calcification of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata. Given the importance of environmental conditions on this process, the study was performed under two pH (ambient and low level) and two light (light and dark) conditions. Under all conditions, calcification rates estimated using the alkalinity and calcium anomaly techniques as well as 45Ca incorporation were highly correlated. Such a strong correlation between the alkalinity anomaly and 45Ca incorporation techniques has not been observed in previous studies and most probably results from improvements described in the present paper. The only method which provided calcification rates significantly different from the other three techniques was 13C incorporation. Calcification rates based on this method were consistently higher than those measured using the other techniques. Although reasons for these discrepancies remain unclear, the use of this technique for assessing calcification rates in corals is not recommended without further investigations.
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-02-17.
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC), Registration number of species, Identification, Salinity, Light, Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation, Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L), inorganic, Alkalinity, total, standard deviation, Alkalinity, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018), Calcium ion, standard deviation, Incubation duration, Experiment, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation, Temperature, water, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, Size, Calcium ion, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010, Aragonite saturation state, Bottles or small containers Aquaria 20 L, Calcium 45 activity, Alkalinity, total, total, Stylophora pistillata, pH, Temperature, Calcium-45 activity, standard deviation, Calcification rate of calcium carbonate, dissolved, Laboratory experiment, Carbonate ion, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Temperature, water, standard deviation, standard error, Calcification rate, Earth System Research, δ13C, Date time start, standard deviation, Uniform resource locator link to reference, Calcification/Dissolution, Potentiometric titration, Calcite saturation state, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, Dry mass, Calcification rate, standard error, Potentiometric, water, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation, Cnidaria, Uniform resource locator/link to reference, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICC, Animalia, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation, Calcite saturation state, standard deviation, Type, Bicarbonate ion, Date/time end, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010), Species, Date/time start, Laboratory strains, Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L), Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Carbonate system computation flag, Carbonate ion, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018, Date time end, Mass, pH, total scale, Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Carbon, Treatment, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Carbon dioxide, Not applicable, Single species, Calcium-45 activity, Calcification Dissolution, Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Benthic animals, Calcium, δ13C, standard deviation
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC), Registration number of species, Identification, Salinity, Light, Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation, Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L), inorganic, Alkalinity, total, standard deviation, Alkalinity, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018), Calcium ion, standard deviation, Incubation duration, Experiment, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation, Temperature, water, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, Size, Calcium ion, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010, Aragonite saturation state, Bottles or small containers Aquaria 20 L, Calcium 45 activity, Alkalinity, total, total, Stylophora pistillata, pH, Temperature, Calcium-45 activity, standard deviation, Calcification rate of calcium carbonate, dissolved, Laboratory experiment, Carbonate ion, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Temperature, water, standard deviation, standard error, Calcification rate, Earth System Research, δ13C, Date time start, standard deviation, Uniform resource locator link to reference, Calcification/Dissolution, Potentiometric titration, Calcite saturation state, Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, Dry mass, Calcification rate, standard error, Potentiometric, water, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation, Cnidaria, Uniform resource locator/link to reference, Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICC, Animalia, Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation, Calcite saturation state, standard deviation, Type, Bicarbonate ion, Date/time end, Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010), Species, Date/time start, Laboratory strains, Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L), Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation, Carbonate system computation flag, Carbonate ion, standard deviation, Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018, Date time end, Mass, pH, total scale, Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), Carbon, Treatment, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Carbon dioxide, Not applicable, Single species, Calcium-45 activity, Calcification Dissolution, Fugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet air, Benthic animals, Calcium, δ13C, standard deviation
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