{"references": ["Bogenschutz, P. A., A. Gettelman, C. Hannay, V. E. Larson, R. B. Neale, C. Craig, and C.-C. Chen (2018), The path to CAM6: Coupled simulations with CAM5.4 and CAM5.5, Geoscientific Model Development, 11, 235-255, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-235-2018.", "Danabasoglu, G., J.\u2010F. Lamarque, J. Bacmeister, D. A. Bailey, A. K. DuVivier, J. Edwards, et al. (2020), The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12, e2019MS001916. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001916.", "Hurrell, J. W., J. J. Hack, D. Shea, J. M. Caron, and J. Rosinski (2008), A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the Community Atmosphere Model, Journal of Climate, 21, 5145-5153, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2292.1.", "Lawrence, D. M., R. A. Fisher, C. D. Koven, K. W. Oleson, S. C. Swenson, G. Bonan, et al. (2019), The Community Land Model version 5: Description of new features, benchmarking, and impact of forcing uncertainty, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 4245-4287, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001583."]}

The National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model version 2.2 (CESM2) (Danabasoglu et al., 2020) was run in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) configuration. SSTs and sea-ice were prescribed as monthly varying seasonal cycles based on the observed climatology from 2005 to 2015 (i.e., component set: F2010climo) (Hurrell et al., 2008). We employed the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) (Bogenschutz et al., 2018) as the atmospheric component and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) (Lawrence et al., 2019) as the land-surface component. Each model was run with a horizontal resolution of 0.9˚ latitude by 1.25˚ longitude. We ran a control simulation in this configuration for ten consecutive years. We then modified the land-surface restart files for May 1st of each year by reducing the snow cover over North America to zero. Using these modified files, we then completed a reduced snow simulation by rerunning three-month simulations from May through July for each of the ten years.