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This research sets out to examine the interaction between accessibility, social inequalities and sustainability by revisiting a well-documented case of inequalities in access in Global South cities: Bogotá. Our analysis builds on the concept of accessibility, focusing on the role of transport as an enabler of opportunities for social interactions, healthcare and leisure, which are essential to the full participation in society. The research applies a methodological framework for accessibility developed and tested in the Latin American context, though it has not been previously applied to non-commuting travel. Our paper contributes to the existing evidence base showing the relevance of non-commuting travel to sustainable transport assessment in contexts of high inequality, which can be scaled up and applied in other contexts with various levels of social and environmental inequalities. The empirical analysis is based on data from Bogotá’s household travel survey. Using this dataset, we measure accessibility using a gravitational type of metric that is calibrated based on observed travel behavior. Accessibility levels were estimated by car and public transport for every zonal planning unit in the Bogotá Region. Accessibility indices are analyzed from an equity perspective using metrics such as the Palma ratio for differences of income and socioeconomic positions. Results show that on average, low- and middle-income areas have higher accessibility than high-income areas by both private and public transport. Accessibility conditions are discussed considering a framework of transitions to sustainable urban mobility, reflecting on various drivers and consequences of barriers to access in different areas and social groups. Our findings provide insights to support actions that redistribute accessibility of opportunities beyond the job market, questioning the applicability of accessibility measures to discuss equity and sustainability in cities such as Bogotá.

Successful catch-up is an important channel to achieve sustainable development for emerging economies; however, it is a great challenge to catch up in complex products and systems (CoPS). Studies show limited evidence on how successful catch-up occurred in CoPS for emerging economies. This study holds the view that CoPS catch-up means a narrower gap in the innovation ecosystem between latecomers and leaders. This study disentangles the CoPS innovation ecosystem and uses China’s high-speed railway (HSR) as a longitudinal case with abundant data to explore how successful catch-up in CoPS is achieved. The results show that the CoPS innovation ecosystem presents a dynamic evolution in the technology innovation subsystem, the value creation subsystem, and the habitat. Four types of forces from the innovation ecosystem mix together to drive CoPS catch-up. Finally, this study proposes a CoPS catch-up process model following the basic logic of start point, activities, and performance, and CoPS industrial standards are used to measure CoPS catch-up performance. The study on CoPS catch-up from an innovation ecosystem perspective provides new insights and useful implications for governments and entities in CoPS of emerging economies.

The decarbonisation of the electricity grid is expected to create new electricity flows. As a result, it may require that network planners make a significant amount of investments in the electricity grids over the coming decades so as to allow the accommodation of these new flows in a way that both the thermal and voltage network constraints are respected. These investments may include a portfolio of infrastructure assets consisting of traditional technologies and smart grid technologies. One associated key challenge is the presence of uncertainty around the location, the timing, and the amount of new demand or generation connections. This uncertainty unavoidably introduces risk into the investment decision-making process as it may lead to inefficient investments and inevitably give rise to excessive investment costs. Smart grid technologies have properties that enable them to be regarded as investment options, which can allow network planners to hedge against the aforementioned uncertainty. This paper focuses on key smart technologies by providing a critical literature review and presenting the latest mathematical modelling that describes their operation.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely upended cultural and creative production, consumption, and interactions in cities. Open green spaces, parks, forests, and gardens—green infrastructure—were instead utilized by citizens as a substitute for stimulating social interactions, sustainable tourism, and green growth. (1) The purpose of this research is to understand whether the availability of green infrastructure relates to the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) benchmarking project developed by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission performance. Does new evidence suggest revising the CCCM conceptual framework and related urban policies, especially in relation to the EU Green Deal? (2) Data from OpenStreetMap was used to count the amount of green infrastructure in 184 European Cities covered by the CCM and was then correlated with the sub-indices of the CCCM. (3) We found a moderately positive correlation of green infrastructure with the cultural vibrancy of a city and a weak positive correlation with the enabling environment of a city. (4) In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU Green Deal and several other policy initiatives aimed at urban greening, we recommend that the CCCM include an Urban Nature sub-index as one of the performance indicators of the CCCM. An Urban Nature sub-index will broaden the goal of the CCCM by providing policymakers with a better understanding of actions and strategies to allow culture to contribute to social inclusion and green growth strategies in cities.

With a goal of achieving net-zero emissions by developing Smart Cities (SCs) and industrial decarbonization, there is a growing desire to decarbonize the renewable energy sector by accelerating green buildings (GBs) construction, electric vehicles (EVs), and ensuring long-term stability, with the expectation that emissions will need to be reduced by at least two thirds by 2035 and by at least 90% by 2050. Implementing GBs in urban areas and encouraging the use of EVs are cornerstones of transition towards SCs, and practical actions that governments can consider to help with improving the environment and develop SCs. This paper investigates different aspects of smart cities development and introduces new feasible indicators related to GBs and EVs in designing SCs, presenting existing barriers to smart cities development, and solutions to overcome them. The results demonstrate that feasible and achievable policies such as the development of the zero-energy, attention to design parameters, implementation of effective indicators for GBs and EVs, implementing strategies to reduce the cost of production of EVs whilst maintaining good quality standards, load management, and integrating EVs successfully into the electricity system, are important in smart cities development. Therefore, strategies to governments should consider the full dynamics and potential of socio-economic and climate change by implementing new energy policies on increasing investment in EVs, and GBs development by considering energy, energy, techno-economic, and environmental benefits.

Current development trends are driving ubiquitous sustainability requirements, pushing organizations to achieve new sustainability goals and targets. To this effect, continuous and continual performance measurements are the key to any business-related success. Therefore, the sustainable performance of an organization can be defined as the performance that takes a long time to achieve its goals. The outcome is a well-balanced balance of context, strategy, management processes, resources, and intangibles especially since it is closely related to the notion of sustainable development (TBL). The goal of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, a systematic literature review is conducted to highlight the importance and the need to assess the three pillars of sustainability and, finally, to encircle the sustainability concept by identifying the most used techniques and approaches in its evaluation. This paper can be considered as basic support for future studies in the application of sustainable performance measurement/assessment systems.

Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial sustainability to fund new investments in infrastructure while also funding maintenance and operation of existing facilities and services. However, many cities in developing countries are stuck in an "underfunding trap" for urban transport, in which large up-front investments are needed for new transport infrastructure that will improve the still small-scale, and perhaps, poor-quality systems, but revenue is insufficient to cover maintenance and operation expenses, let alone new investment projects. The urban transport financing gap in these cities is further widened by the implicit subsidies for the use of private cars, which represent a minority of trips but contribute huge costs in terms of congestion, sprawl, accidents, and pollution. Using an analytical framework based on the concept of "Who Benefits Pays," 24 types of financing instruments are assessed in terms of their social, economic and environmental impacts and their ability to fund urban transport capital investments, operational expenses, and maintenance. Urban transport financing needs to be based on an appropriate mix of complementary financing instruments. In particular for capital investments, a combination of grants –from multiple levels of government– and loans together with investments through public private partnerships could finance large projects that benefit society. Moreover, the property tax emerges as a key financing instrument for capital, operation, and maintenance expenses. By choosing the most appropriate mix of financing instruments and focusing on wise investments, cities can design comprehensive financing for all types of urban transport projects, using multi-level innovative revenue sources that promote efficient pricing schemes, increase overall revenue, strengthen sustainable transport, and cover capital investments, operation, and maintenance for all parts of a public transport system, "from the sidewalk to the subway."

Le secteur des transports et de la logistique est d'une importance vitale pour la stimulation du commerce et donc le développement économique des nations. Cependant, au cours des dernières années, ce secteur a pris une place centrale dans l'agenda vert en raison des effets environnementaux négatifs découlant de ses opérations. Plusieurs disciplines, y compris la recherche opérationnelle et les sous-domaines de la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement tels que les chaînes d'approvisionnement vertes, la logistique verte et la logistique inverse, ont tenté de résoudre ce problème. Cependant, malgré les travaux entrepris à travers ces disciplines, les recherches théoriques ou empiriques sur le déploiement séquentiel ou simultané des paradigmes lean et green, en particulier dans le secteur du transport routier et de la logistique, sont limitées. Cet article présente une étude de cas où les deux paradigmes ont été combinés pour améliorer les opérations de transport d'une organisation logistique de premier plan mondial dans la région métropolitaine de Monterrey, au Mexique. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie systématique et un nouvel outil appelé Sustainable Transportation Value Stream Map (STVSM) ont été proposés. Les résultats obtenus de l'étude de cas indiquent que le déploiement simultané des paradigmes vert et Lean à travers une telle méthodologie et l'outil STVSM est une approche efficace pour améliorer à la fois l'efficacité opérationnelle et la performance environnementale des opérations de transport routier. Le document peut servir de référence aux organisations de transport et de logistique pour entreprendre des projets d'amélioration similaires à ceux présentés dans ce document. En outre, cette recherche vise également à stimuler la recherche scientifique sur l'application des paradigmes Lean et Green dans le secteur des transports et de la logistique afin d'élargir les recherches limitées menées dans ce domaine. El sector del transporte y la logística es de vital importancia para estimular el comercio y, por lo tanto, el desarrollo económico de las naciones. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, este sector ha ocupado un lugar central en la agenda verde debido a los efectos ambientales negativos derivados de sus operaciones. Varias disciplinas, incluida la investigación de operaciones y las subáreas de gestión de la cadena de suministro, como las cadenas de suministro ecológicas, la logística ecológica y la logística inversa, han tratado de abordar este problema. Sin embargo, a pesar del trabajo realizado a través de estas disciplinas, la investigación teórica o empírica sobre el despliegue secuencial o simultáneo de los paradigmas lean y verde, particularmente, en el sector del transporte por carretera y la logística, es limitada. Este documento presenta un estudio de caso donde ambos paradigmas se han combinado para mejorar las operaciones de transporte de una organización logística líder mundial en el área metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Para ello, se propuso una metodología sistemática y una novedosa herramienta llamada Sustainable Transportation Value Stream Map (STVSM). Los resultados obtenidos del estudio de caso indican que el despliegue simultáneo de los paradigmas verde y lean a través de dicha metodología y la herramienta STVSM es un enfoque efectivo para mejorar tanto la eficiencia operativa como el desempeño ambiental de las operaciones de transporte por carretera. El documento puede utilizarse como referencia orientativa para que las organizaciones de transporte y logística emprendan proyectos de mejora similares a los presentados en este documento. Además, esta investigación también pretende estimular la investigación académica sobre la aplicación de paradigmas lean y verdes en el sector del transporte y la logística para ampliar la limitada investigación realizada en esta área. The transport and logistics sector is of vital importance for the stimulation of trade and hence the economic development of nations. However, over the last few years, this sector has taken central stage in the green agenda due to the negative environmental effects derived from its operations. Several disciplines including operations research and sub-areas of supply chain management such as green supply chains, green logistics and reverse logistics have tried to address this problem. However, despite the work undertaken through these disciplines, theoretical or empirical research into the sequential or simultaneous deployment of the lean and green paradigms, particularly, in the road transport and logistics sector is limited. This paper presents a case study where both paradigms have been combined to improve the transport operations of a world leader logistics organisation in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. To do this, a systematic methodology and a novel tool called Sustainable Transportation Value Stream Map (STVSM) were proposed. The results obtained from the case study indicate that the concurrent deployment of the green and lean paradigms through such methodology and the STVSM tool is an effective approach to improve both operational efficiency and environmental performance of road transport operations. The paper can be used as a guiding reference for transport and logistics organisations to undertake improvement projects similar to the one presented in this paper. Additionally, this research also intends to stimulate scholarly research into the application of lean and green paradigms in the transport and logistics sector to expand the limited research pursued in this area. يعتبر قطاع النقل والخدمات اللوجستية ذا أهمية حيوية لتحفيز التجارة وبالتالي التنمية الاقتصادية للدول. ومع ذلك، على مدى السنوات القليلة الماضية، احتل هذا القطاع مكانة مركزية في الأجندة الخضراء بسبب الآثار البيئية السلبية الناتجة عن عملياته. وقد حاولت العديد من التخصصات بما في ذلك بحوث العمليات والمجالات الفرعية لإدارة سلسلة التوريد مثل سلاسل التوريد الخضراء واللوجستيات الخضراء واللوجستيات العكسية معالجة هذه المشكلة. ومع ذلك، على الرغم من العمل المنجز من خلال هذه التخصصات، فإن البحث النظري أو التجريبي في النشر المتسلسل أو المتزامن للنماذج الرشيقة والخضراء، لا سيما في قطاع النقل البري والخدمات اللوجستية، محدود. تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة حالة حيث تم الجمع بين النموذجين لتحسين عمليات النقل لمنظمة لوجستية رائدة عالميًا في منطقة مونتيري الحضرية، المكسيك. للقيام بذلك، تم اقتراح منهجية منهجية وأداة جديدة تسمى خريطة تدفق قيمة النقل المستدام (STVSM). تشير النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من دراسة الحالة إلى أن النشر المتزامن للنماذج الخضراء والعجاف من خلال هذه المنهجية وأداة STVSM هو نهج فعال لتحسين كل من الكفاءة التشغيلية والأداء البيئي لعمليات النقل البري. يمكن استخدام الورقة كمرجع إرشادي لمنظمات النقل والخدمات اللوجستية للقيام بمشاريع تحسين مماثلة لتلك المعروضة في هذه الورقة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يهدف هذا البحث أيضًا إلى تحفيز البحث العلمي في تطبيق النماذج الرشيقة والخضراء في قطاع النقل والخدمات اللوجستية لتوسيع نطاق البحث المحدود المتبع في هذا المجال.