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In Bangladesh, prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming remains dependent on the capture of wild postlarvae as hatchery production is still inadequate. However, prawn postlarvae fishing has been accompanied by concerns over recent climate change. Different climatic variables including cyclone, salinity, sea level rise, water temperature, flood, rainfall, and drought have had adverse effects on coastal ecosystem, thus determining a decline in the availability of prawn postlarvae and thereby catch. The households of postlarvae fishers also face a variety of socioeconomic constraints due to climate change. Considering extreme vulnerability to the effects of climate change, an integrated approach needs to be introduced to cope with the challenges.

This paper explores the possibilities for increasing energy efficiency of ship propulsion systems by the use and appropriate control of adjustable speed drives based on pulse width modulation voltage source inverters (PWM VSIs) and induction motors (IMs). A passenger ship moved by two twin propulsion units using IMs with a rated power of 7,000 kW is chosen as case study. Each IM is supplied by an AC-AC power converter in a back-to-back configuration, based on three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) VSIs. To increase the overall efficiency of the propulsion drive, the IM side control is integrated with a suitable electrical loss minimization technique (ELMT). A complete dynamic model of the IM propulsion drive is developed, including the IM model taking into account the iron loss, the power converter model with PWM, and the control system with the ELMT. Results show the capability of the ELMT to significantly increase the overall efficiency of the IM by about 10% at full load.

Documento redatto dagli autori nell'ambito del progetto Interdipartimentale Foresight S&T internazionale del CNR costituito con protocollo AMMCNT-CNR no. 0049037 in data 14/07/2015 a firma del Presidente. Il documento è stato presentato e discusso nella riunione del CE del progetto in data 23/01/2018.

The DC grids supplying electric vehicles are starting to gain interest worldwide. The DC faults management represent an important design and exploitation issue in these networks. This paper proposes an electronic switch for DC networks supplying electric vehicles (EV). Tests of the proposed switch were carried on under DC faults occurrence in presence of EV. The control of the low voltage distribution system is very important for achieving the proper operation of the devices interconnected to it. The protection of the entire system is analyzed, thus disregarding the protections used by the manufacturers for shielding the DC power system devices or its components.

Electric mobility can be seen as the element capable of breaking the current model 'non-sustainable' road transport. It is able to promote a 'green revolution' for a smarter mobility and integrated with other sectors of the economy especially with the energy sector. The idea to integrate renewable energy sources, in this case photovoltaic system, with the electric mobility can bring many economic benefits to the environment, both at the urban level and not alone, so much so that it is taken up a route for the future of mobility. The aim of this work describe a possible project of green mobility for a Campus, based on power from renewable sources in order to feed a system of shared transport, in order to optimize traffic flows of vehicles. In this mode, it is possible to have a zero impact of CO2 emissions. © 2014 IEEE.

Fleets of commercial vehicles for delivery services in urban areas constitute road transportation means which are required to run relatively short distances and to respect anti-pollution laws commonly imposed by many municipalities. For this kind of commercial applications, high efficiency and eco-friendly electric propulsion systems offer an interesting alternative to thermal engines. This paper is focused on the analysis of such solution, by presenting experimental results obtained with a ZEBRA battery based propulsion system, designed to power a specific urban unit within the category of electric commercial vehicles. A novel contribution is added to the relevant literature concerning battery based electric powertrains for road vehicles. The main novelty consists in a wide range of experimental results and performance analysis carried out with reference to the real behavior of both the whole propulsion system and each main component, when powering the commercial vehicle, on the urban part of the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) standard driving cycle, at different slopes. The experimental results, expressed through electrical and mechanical parameters, are initially evaluated by means of a quasi-static numerical model of the electric powertrain and then experimentally verified with the support of a 1:1 scale laboratory dynamic test bench. The procedure followed and presented in this paper definitely demonstrates the good design and performance, obtained for the evaluated propulsion system, in satisfying the real energy and power requirements, specific of an urban use for delivery commercial vehicles, in terms of daily autonomy and slopes. The collections of experimental results, analyzed in the paper, represent in addition a useful set of data for simulation in order to build, verify and improve models in their outputs.

This paper is aimed to experimentally analyse the effectiveness of a hybrid storage system, when powering a commercial vehicle for urban use. The hybrid energy storage system is composed by two ZEBRA batteries, combined with an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) module. The integration of those storage systems is obtained by means of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, which balances the electric power fluxes between batteries and super-capacitors, depending on the driving operative conditions. Modeling and simulations are preliminarily conducted with reference to the specific case study of an electric version of the Renault Master, supplied by the above described hybrid storage system. That theoretical activity allows the optimization of rule based energy management strategies for the hybrid energy storage system, in terms of the effectiveness in reducing the negative effects of high charging/discharging currents on battery durability. Then, the experimentation of the real power train, connected to the mentioned hybrid storage system, is carried out through a 1:1 laboratory test bench, able to perform the analysed energy management strategies on standard driving cycles, representative of the urban mission of the commercial vehicle under study. The obtained experimental results, expressed through electrical and mechanical parameters in a wide range of road operative conditions, show that the super-capacitors can improve the expected battery lifespan, with values of maximum effectiveness up to 52%, for driving patterns without negative road slopes. The procedure followed and presented in this paper definitely demonstrates the good performance of the evaluated hybrid storage system, controlled by the DC/DC power converter, to reduce the negative consequences of the power peaks associated with the urban use of commercial vehicles.

This paper is aimed to analyze design criteria, setting up, control strategies and experimental tests related to a power configuration of DC micro-grid for fast charging of full electric and plug in hybrid vehicles. The proposed DC fast charging architecture is derived by an analysis comparing the main characteristics of well known architectures, mainly based on AC and DC bus, taking also into account the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) with stationary energy storage systems and fleets of road electric/hybrid vehicles. On the base of the proposed architecture a laboratory prototype of charging station has been realized by means of a 20. kW AC/DC bidirectional grid tie converter interconnected with two different power DC/DC converters of similar rated power. In this micro-grid architecture the AC/DC converter realizes a conversion stage at 790. V DC, whereas other two converters allow either the electric vehicle battery packs to be charged or an energy storage buffer to save electric energy and support the main grid during the fast charging operations. The laboratory tests described in this paper are mainly devoted to characterize the laboratory demonstrator, in different operative conditions, such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), charging/discharging operations of different types of storage systems and fast charging operations of road electric vehicles. Then the study of the proposed power conversion architecture is focused on the evaluation of charging/discharging power, efficiency, energy flux management and its impact on the main grid. In addition proper control strategies are evaluated and implemented, allowing the proposed architecture to follow the required operations. The obtained experimental results demonstrate real advantages in terms of charging times and power requirements from the main grid, when adopting DC buffer architecture for fast charging operations. Finally, these results support the identification of a knowledge base, useful to evaluate energy management and control strategies to be adopted for DC charging stations and each one of their power converters in a smart grid scenario with distributed generation systems.

An integrated software tool environment is presented, and a methodology is proposed for the operational support of the local authority, for analysis of the impact of transport measures in terms of network energy consumption and pollutant emissions. It is based on work done by the European Union within the save program (speci®c actions for vigorous energy eciency)ÐSlam project (supporting local authorities methodology). As background, the Slam project is described, with the principal aspects and needs of environmental and trac network management. The central section de®nes a methodology able to support technicians in recognizing the trac asset and decision makers in evaluating interventions on urban transport infrastructures or technological systems. The role of the di€erent models and their interactions with the transport telematics services currently active on the Florence (Italy) network is discussed. Finally, the procedure for calculating the trac impacts on energy consumption is described with the help of a test case, the evaluation of a dedicated bus corridor in Florence. # 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.