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This paper describes a grid impact analysis of charging electric vehicles (EV) using charging curves with detailed battery modelling. A probabilistic method using Monte Carlo was applied to a typical Spanish distribution grid, also using mobility patterns of Barcelona. To carry out this analysis, firstly, an IEEE test system was adapted to a typical distribution grid configuration; secondly, the EV and its battery types were modeled taking into account the current vehicle market and the battery characteristics; and, finally, the recharge control strategies were taken into account. Once these main features were established, a statistical probabilistic model for the household electrical demand and for the EV charging parameters was determined. Finally, with these probabilistic models, the Monte Carlo analysis was performed within the established scenario in order to study the lines’ and the transformers’ loading levels. The results show that an accurate model for the battery gives a more precise estimation about the impact on the grid. Additionally, mobility patterns have been proved to be some of the most important key aspects for these type of studies.

This paper discusses some challenges that user mobility imposes over the user-centric protection model against security threats. This model is based on the idea of offloading the security applications from the end user device, and placing them in a trusted network node at the network's edge. Our research perspective is particularly centered around three interrelated mobility challenges, i) the allocation of the security applications “close” to the user, i.e., on network nodes with enhanced processing capabilities, ii) seamless mobility with negligible disruption of ongoing network connections, and iii) dynamic orchestration and management with support of security applications migration. Based on our arguments, we expose the main requirements and trade-offs to be considered in the attempt to support mobility in such environment. We propose a flexible solution that leverages Software Defined Networking, Network Function Virtualization and Computing at the Network Edge to offer a seamless on-path security protection to mobile users. Our preliminary experiments' results considering a WiFi mobile user show that seamless security migration and mobility are feasible in a simple real scenario. Vertical mobility and more complex use cases scenarios are envisioned for future research. Peer Reviewed

In the Roadmaps for Energy (R4E) project, the partners will work together to develop a new energy strategy: their Energy Roadmap. The difference between the regular energy strategies and action plans and these new Energy Roadmaps is the much earlier and more developed involvement of local stakeholders. This report (D3.1) contains the results of the desk study activities regarding state-of-the-art solutions and future options in the area of sustainable energy for buildings from January 2016 to April 2017. Report regarding state-of-the-art solutions and future options in the area of sustainable energy for buildings. This report is part of WP3 Roadmapping Smart Buildings of the R4E project.

The aim of the study is to analyze how the country with the highest percentage of electric vehicles as is Norway has managed to become it and analyze the case of Japan and Spain with the charact of each country. The batteries are evolving and increasing their performance, but it is necessary a safe network of charging stations for electric vehicles to reduce the "range anxiety". A discuss of the electric car penetration with different Policies and Legislacy to incentivize the electric vehicle will be made to see the Spanish situation respect to Norway and Japan.

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are widely used in the automotive industry for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems, where the trend is to achieve high mechanical speeds. High speeds inevitably imply high current electrical frequencies, which can lead to a lack of controllability when using field oriented control (FOC) due to sampling period constraints. In this work, a comprehensive discrete-time model is fully developed to assess the stability issues in the widely used FOC. A speed-adaptive control structure that overcomes these stability problems and extends the speed operation range of the PMSM is presented. Also, a numerical methodology from which the maximum operating stable frequency can be computed in advance of any experimentation, is developed. All contributions are accompanied and supported by numerical results obtained from an accurate MATLAB/Simulink model. Peer Reviewed

En aquest projecte, que s’ha realitzat a CLD, una empresa encarregada de la recollida de residus urbans als barris d’Horta Guinardó i Nou barris, s’ha fet un estudi energètic d’un camió de recollida de residus urbans amb propulsió elèctrica de 18 t de MMA (massa màxima autoritzada) i de 26 t MMA. El motiu de l’estudi neix de la necessitat de l’empresa d’oferir el servei de recollida de residus amb un vehicle lliure d’emissions contaminants i poc sorollós dins l’àmbit urbà, requisits imposats per l’Ajuntament de Barcelona. Es mostra un estudi de mercat de les opcions disponibles amb diferents configuracions, que han estat descartades per no complir satisfactòriament les necessitats d’aquesta aplicació específica. És per això que es decideix emprendre el camí de dissenyar i construir un vehicle propi. Aquest projecte correspon a la primera fase, l’estudi de necessitats energètiques, per tal d’aconseguir que el vehicle sigui una realitat. Per a determinar les necessitats energètiques, s’ha realitzat un treball de camp amb els vehicles actuals de la flota de recollida propulsats per GNC (gas natural comprimit) i se n’ha extret dades que han permès calcular les necessitats de propulsió i recollida de contenidors dels serveis actuals. Es plantegen tres arquitectures del tren de propulsió possibles, un de totalment elèctric i dos d’híbrid sèrie diferenciats. Se’n descriu el seu funcionament durant un servei. A partir de les dades del treball de camp, es dimensionen la capacitat de les bateries, les potències del motor elèctric i tèrmic i el volum del dipòsit de combustible de les arquitectures proposades per a les dues MMA (18 t i 26 t). Un cop determinats aquests paràmetres, es defineixen les càrregues útils (quantitat de residus permesos de carregar al camió durant el servei) per a cada arquitectura. La càrrega útil resultant és un factor decisiu a l’hora de triar una de les arquitectures, ja que la quantitat de residus descarregats suposen els ingressos de la companyia. D’aquesta anàlisi es conclou que els camions de MMA de 18 t són massa limitats i incloent-hi bateries resulten un vehicle poc aprofitable. El camió de 26 t és més viable.

Sobriety checkpoints are not usually randomly located by traffic authorities. As such, information provided by non-random alcohol tests cannot be used to infer the characteristics of the general driving population. In this paper a case study is presented in which the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving is estimated for the general population of drivers. A stratified probabilistic sample was designed to represent vehicles circulating in non-urban areas of Catalonia (Spain), a region characterized by its complex transportation network and dense traffic around the metropolis of Barcelona. Random breath alcohol concentration tests were performed during spring 2012 on 7596 drivers. The estimated prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers was 1.29%, which is roughly a third of the rate obtained in non-random tests. Higher rates were found on weekends (1.90% on Saturdays and 4.29% on Sundays) and especially at night. The rate is higher for men (1.45%) than for women (0.64%) and it shows an increasing pattern with age. In vehicles with two occupants, the proportion of alcohol-impaired drivers is estimated at 2.62%, but when the driver was alone the rate drops to 0.84%, which might reflect the socialization of drinking habits. The results are compared with outcomes in previous surveys, showing a decreasing trend in the prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers over time.