• Energy Research
• 7. Clean energy close
• AU close
• BE close

Heating saving energy plays a very significant role in the energy saving industry. CANbus is a modern system in reliability improvement design concept which shows the transmission distance is longer than ordinary methods, and it can hang node on the optional position in availability distance. The nodes are linked in parallel, and not interfere with each other. By using the CANbus technology, the relay output module with a radiator, thermocouple acquisition module is linkedto the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor collects information from the outside system. Relay output module controls heating valve based on the temperature information, and make temperature of the room controlled automatically. Four energy-saving modes are developed in this project. Testing result reflects that the system designed under the new methodology offers outstanding results in energy-saving. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The ability of an induction generator-based dish-Stirling (DS) solar–thermal power plant in providing primary frequency control is examined. A dynamic model of the power plant is developed, in which the receiver/absorber temperature of the Stirling engine is allowed to vary. Primary frequency control is achieved through the adaptive regulation of the receiver temperature set-point and the droop setting of the output power–temperature characteristics of the DS system. However, the penetration level of the solar–thermal generation into the grid system has to be constrained to avoid the onset of instability due to the nonminimum phase characteristics of the DS system. The transient droop compensation technique is then proposed to alleviate the instability issue and results in an increase in the allowable DS penetration level.

The presented article will describe an 'effect-cause' model for the purpose of simulating the energy consumption of DC fed light rail vehicles. The model will assess the advantages of hybrid vehicles in terms of energy consumption, network power and voltage variations, line current and losses; and will help sizing and designing a supercapacitor based energy storage system (ESS) for both on-board, and stationary applications. The proposed modeling needs to allow the ESS sizing according to the objective that needs to be achieved, being braking energy recovery, voltage drop compensation and peak power shaving the most common goals of ESS use in hybrid vehicles. The needed power and energy levels will vary in function of the vehicle features and the driving cycle followed. This all can be determined by the quasi-static simulation tool to ease the design process. Another objective of the modeling tool is to evaluate the behaviour of the vehicle power flow controller, which manages the power from/to the ESS in function of the state of several variables.

Abstract Among natural gas producing nations, there has been some concern about how the Asia Pacific will meet future demand for energy. We argue that natural gas, both regional and global, will play a vital role. Estimates of potential gas consumption in the region are analyzed and used to develop consensus projections to 2030. These consumption profiles are compared with gas supply estimates including indigenous, pipeline and LNG for the Asia Pacific market. From this analytical framework, we find that demand will be sufficiently large to accommodate supplies from diverse sources including North America, the Middle East, Central Asia, Russia, and the Asia Pacific itself. An important policy implication is that gas producing and consuming nations should benefit from promoting gas trade and not be concerned about a situation of potential lack of demand coupled with oversupply.

The objective of this paper is to review the feed-in tariffs introduced and now are being implemented in different states and territories of Australia for the grid-connected small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. A further objective is to take a closer look at the production cost of these solar PV systems to compare with the introduced feed-in tariffs. The review results show that the gap between production cost of PV electricity and the feed-in tariff is relatively high, particularly in those states, were feed-in tariff based on net metering is implemented.

Abstract Carbon-based perovskite solar cells show great potential owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in air, compared to their counterparts using metal contacts. The photovoltaic performance of carbon-based PSCs, however, has been progressing slowly in spite of an impressive efficiency when they were first reported. One of the major obstacles is that the hole transport materials developed for state-of-the-art Au-based PSCs are not suitable for carbon-based PSCs. Here, we develop a low-temperature, solution-processed Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/graphene composite hole transport layer (HTL), that is compatible with paintable carbon-electrodes to produce state-of-the-art perovskite devices. Space-charge-limited-current measurements reveal that the as-prepared P3HT/graphene composite exhibits outstanding charge mobility and thermal tolerance, with hole mobility increasing from 8.3 × 10−3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (as-deposited) to 1.2 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 (after annealing at 100 °C) - two orders of magnitude larger than pure P3HT. The improved charge transport and extraction provided by the composite HTL provides a significant efficiency improvement compared to cells with a pure P3HT HTL. As a result, we report carbon-based solar cells with a record efficiency of 17.8% (certified by Newport); and the first perovskite cells to be certified under the stabilized testing protocol. The outstanding device stability is demonstrated by only 3% drop after storage in ambient conditions (humidity: ca. 50%) for 1680 h (non-encapsulated), and retention of ca. 89% of their original output under continuous 1-Sun illumination at room-temperature for 600 h (encapsulated) in a nitrogen environment.

This paper has presented the estimation methodology of the quick charging station for electric vehicles (EVs) based on both area and population density data. The proportion of EV owners per number of population in location data; is also used to compute the number of the quick charging stations. The population density data and proportion of EVs owners per number of population in area data are varied from 1 to 6 % and 0.01 to 0.8 %, respectively. The simulation results showed that the number of EVs stations increased and the randomly selected Feeder No.1 was installed at EVs stations; of which range from No.1 to No.4. The total real power loss increased up to 18%. Therefore, this study could be verified that the quick charging stations should be considered both optimal in sizing and location of EVs charging stations.

Solar photovoltaics (PVs) and wind constitute more than 60% of global annual net new capacity additions. Balancing an electricity system with 30–100% variable PV and wind is straightforward using off-the-shelf techniques comprising stronger interconnection over large areas to smooth out local weather, storage, demand management, and occasional spillage of renewable electricity. The overwhelming dominance of PV, wind, and hydroelectricity in new renewable energy deployment means that renewable electricity is tracking toward near equivalence with renewable energy. A global survey of off-river (closed-loop) pumped hydro energy storage sites identified 616 000 promising sites around the world with a combined storage capacity of 23 million GWh, which is two orders of magnitude more than required to support 100% global renewable electricity. This is significant because pumped hydro storage is the lowest cost storage method and is available off-the-shelf in large scale. Australia is deploying PV and wind at a rate of 250 W per year per capita, which is four to five times faster than in the European Union, the USA, Japan, and China. This is significant because it demonstrates that rapid deployment of PV and wind is feasible, with consequent rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.