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  • 13. Climate action
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  • Authors: Boulon, Loïc;

    Cette modélisation présente la partie de contrôle d'une pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (PEMFC). L'objectif du modèle de représenter la chaîne de contrôle de la tension de la PEMFC. Ce modèle est basé sur une représentation macroscopique énergétique (REM) de la pile à combustible, puis conduit à une structure dite de contrôle maximal (SCM). La SCM est une inversion étape par étape de la REM (structure de contrôle basée sur un modèle d'inversion). Le processus de conception de la commande est basé sur une définition explicite du problème. Par exemple, les entrées de réglage, les objectifs du système ou les contraintes sont mises en évidence pour organiser la commande. De plus, le SMC montre les endroits où les capteurs sont nécessaires et où les contrôleurs sont requis. Malheureusement, le SCM n'est qu'une structure de contrôle théorique. Par conséquent, une structure réaliste nécessite certaines simplifications, ce qui conduit à une structure de contrôle dite pratique. This modeling presents the control part of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The objective of the model is to represent the voltage control chain of the PEMFC. This model is based on an energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of the fuel cell and then leads to a so-called maximum control structure (MCS). The SCM is a step-by-step inversion of the REM (control structure based on an inversion model). The control design process is based on an explicit problem definition. For example, control inputs, system objectives, or constraints are highlighted to organize the control. In addition, the MSC shows where sensors are needed and where controllers are required. Unfortunately, the SCM is only a theoretical control structure. Therefore, a realistic structure requires some simplifications, which leads to a so-called practical control structure. AdditionnalInformation: Modèle créé lors d'une thèse en génie électrique, par Loïc Boulon (ses recherches portent sur la modélisation et le contrôle des véhicules électriques hybrides, des sources d'énergie et d'énergie et de puissance, et des systèmes de piles à combustible). Il a travaillé en vue de l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat à l'Université de Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, où sa thèse de doctorat a été réalisée en collaboration avec le FEMTO-ST, Belfort, et les Laboratoires L2EP, Lille. Co-encadrement par Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alain Bouscayrol (PU au laboratoire L2EP) et Marie-Célie Péra (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST) AdditionnalInformation: Model created during a thesis in electrical engineering, by Loïc Boulon (his research focuses on the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles, energy and power sources, and fuel cell systems). He worked towards his Ph.D. degree at the University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, where his dissertation was complet in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST, Belfort, and the L2EP Laboratories, Lille. Co-supervision by Daniel Hissel (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alain Bouscayrol (PU at L2EP laboratory) and Marie-Célie Péra (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory) Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loïc Boulon, Contrat doctoral (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Audience: Research

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  • Authors: Morando, Simon; Pahon, Élodie; Pahon, Élodie;

    Le projet PHM-PAC vise principalement le développement de méthodes intelligentes de détection, diagnostic et pronostic des défaillances de piles à combustibles. Ce projet doit permettre l'optimisation des performances des systèmes pile à combustible ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes électrochimiques en affectant la durabilité. The PHM-PAC project is mainly aimed at developing intelligent methods for the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of fuel cell failures. This project should allow the optimization of the performance of fuel cell systems as well as a better understanding of the electrochemical phenomena affecting the durability. Données expérimentales: 2 800 heures de fonctionnement à charge constante sur une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons d'une puissance de 500W Experimental data: 2,800 hours of operation at constant load on a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell Project: PHM PAC, Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Audience: University: master, Research, University: licence Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Label: Plateforme UBFC (Plateforme UBFC) UpdatePeriodicity: no update

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    Authors: Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; +1 Authors

    Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.

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    Authors: Gohin, Alexandre; Gohin, Alexandre;

    [Paper in French] The European public policy in favor of the biodiesel consumption is highly debated. Available estimates of the induced land use changes conclude that this policy is inefficient to reduce emissions of GreenHouse Gas. We show that the crop yield evolutions in these estimates are significantly lower than the observed and expected evolutions. This difference is directly related to biased calibration choice of behavioral parameters. We show using the GTAP-BIO framework that a consistent calibration of these parameters leads to a strong reduction (by around 80% in the long run) of the land use changes and induced emissions.

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    External research report . 2013
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: ProdInra
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2013
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2013
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    Authors: Saulnier, Jean Baptiste;

    This work focuses on the refinement of sea-states spectral characterisation in the frame of the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Until now, this characterisation has been limited to the consideration of basic global parameters such as the significant wave height and mean wave period. The present work namely underlines - thanks to simplified numerical models - that such a description is not sufficient to account for the performance of WECs, for they still exhibit a large variability in terms of mean production while wave energy and period are fixed. It is therefore needed to refine this description by introducing new wave characteristics, such as the wave groupiness, which is itself related to the sea-state's spectral bandwidth. The classical - spectral - approaches, allowing a statistical analysis of wave groups along with other works in the literature, permit to draw a set of relevant spectral parameters. The sensitivity of simplified offshore WEC models (linear in the frequency domain) to these parameters is then observed. The question of deterministic mean power estimation - namely in the case of non-linear models - is also raised, for it is also related somehow to the bandwidth of the wave field. A sea-state is actually made of a superimposition of various wave systems (as swells and wind-sea). It is then possible to refine even more its description, namely through the multi-system approach. The latter enables indeed to track in time and space the wave systems independently of each other. An algorithm for the automatic spatiotemporal analysis is proposed and illustrated to this end. Lastly, the influence of such description refinements (wave groupiness and multi-system approach) is observed at several locations (Portugal, North Sea, California) by considering various WEC models (linear axi-symmetric heaving devices, 3D SEAREV with non-linear hydrodynamics): in all cases, it is shown that both extended descriptions allow for a better characterisation of the mean WEC performance at both short and long term. Ces travaux portent sur la caractérisation spectrale des états de mer dans le cadre du développement de systèmes récupérateurs de l'énergie des vagues (SREVs). Jusqu'alors, cette caractérisation s'est limitée à des paramètres globaux basiques tels que la hauteur significative et la période moyenne des vagues. Les présents travaux soulignent notamment, à l'aide de modèles simplifiés, que cette description est insuffisante car un SREV montre encore une grande variabilité en termes de production moyenne, ces deux paramètres étant fixés par ailleurs. On s'intéresse donc à raffiner cette description en considérant des caractéristiques de vagues nouvelles, comme le groupement de vagues, lui-même lié à la largeur de bande de l'état de mer. Les approches classiques - spectrales - sur l'étude descriptive des groupes de vagues et la littérature permettent de dégager un certain nombre de paramètres spectraux. On observe ensuite la sensibilité de modèles de SREVs offshore simplifiés (modèles fréquentiels linéaires) à ces paramètres de largeur globale. La question de l'estimation déterministe de performance moyenne (dans le cas de convertisseurs non-linéaires) est également abordée, étant elle-même liée à cette caractéristique. Un état de mer étant constitué de plusieurs systèmes de vagues (houles, mer de vent), il est encore possible de raffiner sa description grâce à une approche multisystème. Celle-ci permet en outre de suivre ces systèmes indépendamment dans le temps et l'espace. Un algorithme d'analyse spatio-temporelle est proposé et illustré à cet égard. Enfin, l'influence de ces raffinements est observée en différents sites (Portugal, Mer du Nord, Californie) sur des cas de SREVs divers (systèmes axi-symétriques linéaires, SEAREV 3D d'hydrodynamique non-linéaire), et montre que dans tous les cas, le raffinement apporté permet de mieux caractériser la production à court et long terme de ces dispositifs.

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    Authors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;

    Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.

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  • Authors: Vichard, Loic;

    Ces modélisations, sont associées au projet AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). Le projet souhaite s’appuyer sur une démarche menée autour d’un travail de thèse visant à comprendre le comportement dynamique, d’étudier le vieillissement et d’estimer l’état de santé des composants énergétiques, batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse des données enregistrées sur ces composants dans le projet Mobypost (flotte de 10 véhicules Hydrogènes). La mise en œuvre des compétences et des outils d’analyse numériques développés notamment pour les batteries par le laboratoire Ampère et l’IFSTTAR vise à comprendre et à reproduire les phénomènes de dégradation des composants étudiés. Ces modèles permettent de contribuer à l’étude du vieillissement et d’estimer l’état de santé en usage réel des batteries et des piles à combustible. These models are associated with the project AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). The project is based on a thesis work aiming at understanding the dynamic behavior, to study the aging and to estimate the health status of the battery and fuel cell energy components in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of data recorded on these components in the Mobypost project (fleet of 10 hydrogen vehicles). The implementation of skills and numerical analysis tools developed in particular for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims to understand and reproduce the degradation phenomena of the components studied. These models contribute to the study of ageing and estimate the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. AdditionnalInformation: Model produced within the framework of Loic Vichard's thesis in electrical engineering (Contribution to the study of the aging of battery and fuel cell components in real use), under the supervision of Daniel Hissel (PU at the FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alexandre Ravey (MCF at UTBM) and Pascal Venet (PU at the Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University). AdditionnalInformation: Modèle produit dans le cadre de la thèse en génie électrique de Loic Vichard (Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement des composantes batteries et pile à combustible en usage réel), sous la direction de Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alexandre Ravey (MCF à l'UTBM) et Pascal Venet (PU à l'université Claude Bernard Lyon 1). Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab et Python - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language et Python language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loic Vichard, Contrat doctoral - Projet AsDeCoEUR (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) UpdatePeriodicity: no update Audience: Research

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    Authors: Brunel, Thomas;

    Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.

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  • La macro��conomie keyn��sienne a connu depuis les ann��es 2000 des d��veloppements importants sur la th��matique du r��chauffement climatique et des contraintes environnementales pesant sur l�����conomie. L���objet de cet article est de r��aliser une synth��se des enseignements de ces principaux mod��les qui partent pour la plupart d���une critique radicale de l���approche n��oclassique sur la question ��cologique. Les post-keyn��siens mettent en ��vidence la n��cessit�� d���une intervention publique forte pour modifier notre mod��le de croissance actuel. Les autres keyn��siens soulignent la modification des effets des politiques ��conomiques lorsqu���elles sont coupl��es �� une politique climatique. Keynesian macroeconomics has known since the 2000s important developments on the theme of global warming and more broadly environmental constraints weighing on the economy. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the lessons learned from these main models which mostly start from a radical critique of the neoclassical approach on the ecological question. Post-Keynesians highlight the need for strong public intervention to modify our current growth model. The other Keynesians underline the modification of the effects of economic policies when they are coupled with a climate policy.

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    Authors: Paquotte, Philippe;

    Aquaculture is an economic activity which is characterised by a great dependence on environmental conditions. Therefore aquaculture development is subdued to institutional context which defines the rules for use and conservation of the environment. This paper analyses the impact of marine environment regulations on economic operating of aquaculture enterprises and on industrial dynamics. Because aquaculture enterprises use a collective good, an economic approach of aquaculture has to take into account not only the relations between enterprises and environment, but also the relations between the enterprises themselves, through production externalities. In this study, several economic tools are considered in order to incite enterprises to integrate pad of the cost of their effects on the environment. But these public policies have to take into account the youth of the activity, the specific economic situation of the enterprises and the place of aquaculture in global coastal management. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] L'aquaculture est confrontée à un cadre institutionnel définissant les conditions d'accès d'utilisation et de protection du milieu marin. La réglementation sur l'environnement va avoir un impact sur le fonctionnement économique des entreprises et sur la dynamique sectorielle de l'aquaculture. A partir de l'étude de la nature des relations entre entreprises et milieu, on peut proposer un certain nombre d'outils économiques permettant de faire prendre en compte par les entreprises une partie du coût de leurs effets sur l'environnement. Dans le cas particulier de l'aquaculture marine, cette réglementation doit cependant tenir compte de la jeunesse de l'activité, de la situation économique des entreprises et de leur rôle dans une politique d'aménagement du littoral. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

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  • Authors: Boulon, Loïc;

    Cette modélisation présente la partie de contrôle d'une pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (PEMFC). L'objectif du modèle de représenter la chaîne de contrôle de la tension de la PEMFC. Ce modèle est basé sur une représentation macroscopique énergétique (REM) de la pile à combustible, puis conduit à une structure dite de contrôle maximal (SCM). La SCM est une inversion étape par étape de la REM (structure de contrôle basée sur un modèle d'inversion). Le processus de conception de la commande est basé sur une définition explicite du problème. Par exemple, les entrées de réglage, les objectifs du système ou les contraintes sont mises en évidence pour organiser la commande. De plus, le SMC montre les endroits où les capteurs sont nécessaires et où les contrôleurs sont requis. Malheureusement, le SCM n'est qu'une structure de contrôle théorique. Par conséquent, une structure réaliste nécessite certaines simplifications, ce qui conduit à une structure de contrôle dite pratique. This modeling presents the control part of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The objective of the model is to represent the voltage control chain of the PEMFC. This model is based on an energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of the fuel cell and then leads to a so-called maximum control structure (MCS). The SCM is a step-by-step inversion of the REM (control structure based on an inversion model). The control design process is based on an explicit problem definition. For example, control inputs, system objectives, or constraints are highlighted to organize the control. In addition, the MSC shows where sensors are needed and where controllers are required. Unfortunately, the SCM is only a theoretical control structure. Therefore, a realistic structure requires some simplifications, which leads to a so-called practical control structure. AdditionnalInformation: Modèle créé lors d'une thèse en génie électrique, par Loïc Boulon (ses recherches portent sur la modélisation et le contrôle des véhicules électriques hybrides, des sources d'énergie et d'énergie et de puissance, et des systèmes de piles à combustible). Il a travaillé en vue de l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat à l'Université de Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, où sa thèse de doctorat a été réalisée en collaboration avec le FEMTO-ST, Belfort, et les Laboratoires L2EP, Lille. Co-encadrement par Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alain Bouscayrol (PU au laboratoire L2EP) et Marie-Célie Péra (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST) AdditionnalInformation: Model created during a thesis in electrical engineering, by Loïc Boulon (his research focuses on the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles, energy and power sources, and fuel cell systems). He worked towards his Ph.D. degree at the University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, where his dissertation was complet in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST, Belfort, and the L2EP Laboratories, Lille. Co-supervision by Daniel Hissel (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alain Bouscayrol (PU at L2EP laboratory) and Marie-Célie Péra (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory) Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loïc Boulon, Contrat doctoral (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Audience: Research

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  • Authors: Morando, Simon; Pahon, Élodie; Pahon, Élodie;

    Le projet PHM-PAC vise principalement le développement de méthodes intelligentes de détection, diagnostic et pronostic des défaillances de piles à combustibles. Ce projet doit permettre l'optimisation des performances des systèmes pile à combustible ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes électrochimiques en affectant la durabilité. The PHM-PAC project is mainly aimed at developing intelligent methods for the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of fuel cell failures. This project should allow the optimization of the performance of fuel cell systems as well as a better understanding of the electrochemical phenomena affecting the durability. Données expérimentales: 2 800 heures de fonctionnement à charge constante sur une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons d'une puissance de 500W Experimental data: 2,800 hours of operation at constant load on a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell Project: PHM PAC, Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Audience: University: master, Research, University: licence Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Label: Plateforme UBFC (Plateforme UBFC) UpdatePeriodicity: no update

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    Authors: Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; +1 Authors

    Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.

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    Authors: Gohin, Alexandre; Gohin, Alexandre;

    [Paper in French] The European public policy in favor of the biodiesel consumption is highly debated. Available estimates of the induced land use changes conclude that this policy is inefficient to reduce emissions of GreenHouse Gas. We show that the crop yield evolutions in these estimates are significantly lower than the observed and expected evolutions. This difference is directly related to biased calibration choice of behavioral parameters. We show using the GTAP-BIO framework that a consistent calibration of these parameters leads to a strong reduction (by around 80% in the long run) of the land use changes and induced emissions.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2013
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2013
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    Authors: Saulnier, Jean Baptiste;

    This work focuses on the refinement of sea-states spectral characterisation in the frame of the development of wave energy converters (WECs). Until now, this characterisation has been limited to the consideration of basic global parameters such as the significant wave height and mean wave period. The present work namely underlines - thanks to simplified numerical models - that such a description is not sufficient to account for the performance of WECs, for they still exhibit a large variability in terms of mean production while wave energy and period are fixed. It is therefore needed to refine this description by introducing new wave characteristics, such as the wave groupiness, which is itself related to the sea-state's spectral bandwidth. The classical - spectral - approaches, allowing a statistical analysis of wave groups along with other works in the literature, permit to draw a set of relevant spectral parameters. The sensitivity of simplified offshore WEC models (linear in the frequency domain) to these parameters is then observed. The question of deterministic mean power estimation - namely in the case of non-linear models - is also raised, for it is also related somehow to the bandwidth of the wave field. A sea-state is actually made of a superimposition of various wave systems (as swells and wind-sea). It is then possible to refine even more its description, namely through the multi-system approach. The latter enables indeed to track in time and space the wave systems independently of each other. An algorithm for the automatic spatiotemporal analysis is proposed and illustrated to this end. Lastly, the influence of such description refinements (wave groupiness and multi-system approach) is observed at several locations (Portugal, North Sea, California) by considering various WEC models (linear axi-symmetric heaving devices, 3D SEAREV with non-linear hydrodynamics): in all cases, it is shown that both extended descriptions allow for a better characterisation of the mean WEC performance at both short and long term. Ces travaux portent sur la caractérisation spectrale des états de mer dans le cadre du développement de systèmes récupérateurs de l'énergie des vagues (SREVs). Jusqu'alors, cette caractérisation s'est limitée à des paramètres globaux basiques tels que la hauteur significative et la période moyenne des vagues. Les présents travaux soulignent notamment, à l'aide de modèles simplifiés, que cette description est insuffisante car un SREV montre encore une grande variabilité en termes de production moyenne, ces deux paramètres étant fixés par ailleurs. On s'intéresse donc à raffiner cette description en considérant des caractéristiques de vagues nouvelles, comme le groupement de vagues, lui-même lié à la largeur de bande de l'état de mer. Les approches classiques - spectrales - sur l'étude descriptive des groupes de vagues et la littérature permettent de dégager un certain nombre de paramètres spectraux. On observe ensuite la sensibilité de modèles de SREVs offshore simplifiés (modèles fréquentiels linéaires) à ces paramètres de largeur globale. La question de l'estimation déterministe de performance moyenne (dans le cas de convertisseurs non-linéaires) est également abordée, étant elle-même liée à cette caractéristique. Un état de mer étant constitué de plusieurs systèmes de vagues (houles, mer de vent), il est encore possible de raffiner sa description grâce à une approche multisystème. Celle-ci permet en outre de suivre ces systèmes indépendamment dans le temps et l'espace. Un algorithme d'analyse spatio-temporelle est proposé et illustré à cet égard. Enfin, l'influence de ces raffinements est observée en différents sites (Portugal, Mer du Nord, Californie) sur des cas de SREVs divers (systèmes axi-symétriques linéaires, SEAREV 3D d'hydrodynamique non-linéaire), et montre que dans tous les cas, le raffinement apporté permet de mieux caractériser la production à court et long terme de ces dispositifs.

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    Authors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;

    Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.

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  • Authors: Vichard, Loic;

    Ces modélisations, sont associées au projet AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). Le projet souhaite s’appuyer sur une démarche menée autour d’un travail de thèse visant à comprendre le comportement dynamique, d’étudier le vieillissement et d’estimer l’état de santé des composants énergétiques, batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse des données enregistrées sur ces composants dans le projet Mobypost (flotte de 10 véhicules Hydrogènes). La mise en œuvre des compétences et des outils d’analyse numériques développés notamment pour les batteries par le laboratoire Ampère et l’IFSTTAR vise à comprendre et à reproduire les phénomènes de dégradation des composants étudiés. Ces modèles permettent de contribuer à l’étude du vieillissement et d’estimer l’état de santé en usage réel des batteries et des piles à combustible. These models are associated with the project AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). The project is based on a thesis work aiming at understanding the dynamic behavior, to study the aging and to estimate the health status of the battery and fuel cell energy components in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of data recorded on these components in the Mobypost project (fleet of 10 hydrogen vehicles). The implementation of skills and numerical analysis tools developed in particular for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims to understand and reproduce the degradation phenomena of the components studied. These models contribute to the study of ageing and estimate the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. AdditionnalInformation: Model produced within the framework of Loic Vichard's thesis in electrical engineering (Contribution to the study of the aging of battery and fuel cell components in real use), under the supervision of Daniel Hissel (PU at the FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alexandre Ravey (MCF at UTBM) and Pascal Venet (PU at the Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University). AdditionnalInformation: Modèle produit dans le cadre de la thèse en génie électrique de Loic Vichard (Contribution à l'étude du vieillissement des composantes batteries et pile à combustible en usage réel), sous la direction de Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alexandre Ravey (MCF à l'UTBM) et Pascal Venet (PU à l'université Claude Bernard Lyon 1). Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab et Python - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language et Python language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loic Vichard, Contrat doctoral - Projet AsDeCoEUR (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) UpdatePeriodicity: no update Audience: Research

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    Authors: Brunel, Thomas;

    Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.

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  • La macro��conomie keyn��sienne a connu depuis les ann��es 2000 des d��veloppements importants sur la th��matique du r��chauffement climatique et des contraintes environnementales pesant sur l�����conomie. L���objet de cet article est de r��aliser une synth��se des enseignements de ces principaux mod��les qui partent pour la plupart d���une critique radicale de l���approche n��oclassique sur la question ��cologique. Les post-keyn��siens mettent en ��vidence la n��cessit�� d���une intervention publique forte pour modifier notre mod��le de croissance actuel. Les autres keyn��siens soulignent la modification des effets des politiques ��conomiques lorsqu���elles sont coupl��es �� une politique climatique. Keynesian macroeconomics has known since the 2000s important developments on the theme of global warming and more broadly environmental constraints weighing on the economy. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the lessons learned from these main models which mostly start from a radical critique of the neoclassical approach on the ecological question. Post-Keynesians highlight the need for strong public intervention to modify our current growth model. The other Keynesians underline the modification of the effects of economic policies when they are coupled with a climate policy.

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    Authors: Paquotte, Philippe;

    Aquaculture is an economic activity which is characterised by a great dependence on environmental conditions. Therefore aquaculture development is subdued to institutional context which defines the rules for use and conservation of the environment. This paper analyses the impact of marine environment regulations on economic operating of aquaculture enterprises and on industrial dynamics. Because aquaculture enterprises use a collective good, an economic approach of aquaculture has to take into account not only the relations between enterprises and environment, but also the relations between the enterprises themselves, through production externalities. In this study, several economic tools are considered in order to incite enterprises to integrate pad of the cost of their effects on the environment. But these public policies have to take into account the youth of the activity, the specific economic situation of the enterprises and the place of aquaculture in global coastal management. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR] L'aquaculture est confrontée à un cadre institutionnel définissant les conditions d'accès d'utilisation et de protection du milieu marin. La réglementation sur l'environnement va avoir un impact sur le fonctionnement économique des entreprises et sur la dynamique sectorielle de l'aquaculture. A partir de l'étude de la nature des relations entre entreprises et milieu, on peut proposer un certain nombre d'outils économiques permettant de faire prendre en compte par les entreprises une partie du coût de leurs effets sur l'environnement. Dans le cas particulier de l'aquaculture marine, cette réglementation doit cependant tenir compte de la jeunesse de l'activité, de la situation économique des entreprises et de leur rôle dans une politique d'aménagement du littoral. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ArchiMer - Instituti...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.