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Carbon dioxide emission and GHGs are associated with fossil fuels which have adverse effects on the environment. The key intention of this paper was to determine the asymmetric effect of CO2 emission on expenditures, trade, FDI, and renewable energy consumption in Pakistan. An asymmetrical technique (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag) was employed to validate the constructive and adverse relation among variables. Furthermore, the Granger causality test was also used to verify the unidirectional association amid variables. Study outcomes revealed that the adverse shocks of renewable energy consumption exposed expressively to upsurge CO2 emission in the short-run dynamics. Conversely, constructive shocks of renewable energy consumption display an adversative association with CO2 emission. Furthermore, the decreasing trend in foreign direct investment tends to impede the detrimental effects of CO2 emission. Additionally, the variable expenditures also create the non-eco-friendly impacts and manifest the positive linkage through CO2 emission. Trade possesses statistically insignificant linkage with environmental degradation. The results also disclose that positive as well as negative variations in the foreign direct investment expose to degrade the environmental eminence. Long-run results suggest the direct association between downward trend in renewable energy consumption and CO2 emission signifying that the pollution level decreases, and the upward trend in renewable energy consumption, however, demonstrates insignificantly positive effects. The results also disclose that positive as well as negative variations in the FDI lead to degrade the CO2 emission. Moreover, it is found that the expenditures soar the issue of pollution again in the long run. Finally, the consequence of trade on CO2 emission is adverse, as the outcome suggests. In order to improve the environmental policies for sustainable growth, the study provides direction toward a sustainable environment by reducing carbon dioxide emission.

This tutorial review describes the physical–chemical aspects one must consider when building photocatalytic liposomes for solar fuel production.

A very simple method to enhance the low volumetric energy density of free-standing carbon nanofiber electrodes.

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions. Astroparticle physics 111, 35 - 53 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.04.001 Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]

Drawing on the existing research on green leadership, this paper first examines the concept and structure of executive green leadership and develops a preliminary scale to measure executive green leadership. The confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to verify and revise the scale. The results show that green leadership and green person are the two main structures of executive green leadership, and the scale developed in this paper is of good reliability and validity. After data analysis, this paper then explores the antecedents of executive green leadership. The results show that factors such as corporate executives’ internal moral identity, conscientiousness, pro-environmental intention, command-based environmental regulation, market-based environmental regulation, and corporate green image have a significant positive correlation with executive green leadership, while their short-term orientation has a significant negative correlation with the green leadership. This paper defines the concept and structure of executive green leadership and develops the corresponding scale for measuring it, to improve scholars’ and managers’ understanding of executive green leadership.

Greenhouse gases are considered an immense threat for the environment and humanity on the planet, and also cause the climatic change. The present analysis key aim was to explore the effect of CO2 emission on foreign investment, renewable energy utilization, and population growth in Pakistan. The ARDL bounds testing technique was applied to investigate the variables' interaction via short- and long-run analysis. Furthermore, pairwise Granger causality method was also utilized to check the causal relation amid the study variables. Outcomes expose that CO2 emission has an adverse interaction with renewable energy with probability value (0.5497), while the variable foreign investment and population growth exposed a constructive association with carbon dioxide emission with probability values (0.3548) and (0.4217) consistently. Similarly, the results through long-run analysis expose that CO2 emission has an adverse influence to renewable energy usage with P-value (0.4646). Moreover, the results also uncovered that foreign investment and population growth has positive interaction with CO2 emission and having probability values (0.3577) and (0.5715). Solid steps are required from the Pakistani government regarding the demonization of CO2 emission in order to upsurge the economic progress.