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This work addresses biodiesel by transesterification from the use of waste frying oil as a possible technological alternative for both reducing greenhouse gas emissions and by presenting themselves as an environmental call to designate a rational use of oil when no longer played in the environment to become renewable energy. It has proposed location of a residual oil and fat treatment plant to produce biodiesel, using models of Location and Routing for the improvement of routes. To achieve the goal, questionnaires were administered in establishments that use oil or vegetable fat in their productive activities in order to quantify the residue, to analyze actions and environmental perception of people who work directly with the residue on the destination you are being given to oil and fat used. It has indicated using of two single setup location, the method of Center of Gravity and the model of Ardalan, a geographical point that minimizes the costs of transporting waste to the treatment plant. Actions have been proposed for the improvement of collection routes this residue using the Routing Method of Scanning, as an illustration. The results demonstrated the lack of knowledge of the people who deal directly with large amounts of waste, on the environmental impacts caused by their incorrect disposal. The models used were uniform since point out to neighborhoods in similar regions. The neighborhoods of Lagoa Nova / Morro Branco (Ardalan) and Nova Descoberta (Center of Gravity) as ideal for the installation of treatment plant. However, it is suggested to be tested other models that take into account new variables than those used (supply of waste and the distance between points). The routing through the method of scanning has shown that it is possible, in a simple way to optimize routes in order to reduce distances and therefore the logistics costs in the collection of such waste. Introducing a route as a test to gather the twenty largest oil suppliers used in sample frying, using as a main factor time 8 hour of ...

This work has as object of study some of the expressions of the water privatization process in contemporary Brazil. The objective was to analyze different expressions of the water privatization process in Brazil. To achieve this general objective, we seek to: Discuss the fundamentals of the environmental issue and its relationship with the finitude of natural resources in contemporary capitalism; To situate water as one of the main resources inherent to the production and valorization processes in the capitalist mode of production; To bibliographically map some expressions of water privatization in the Brazilian State. Methodologically, the research is characterized as exploratory, with data of a bibliographic and qualitative nature. In the case of data collection, we use printed and electronic references of different natures, such as: monographs, theses and dissertations, scientific journals, annals of scientific meetings, among others. Regarding the data source, we define two types of water privatization: 1) Electricity generation (dams / hydroelectric plants); 2) Water distribution by companies / environmental sanitation. A research script was used as a data collection instrument, which guided the selection of the sample of texts based on three aspects of categorization prioritized in the script, namely: characteristics, favorable and contrary arguments; developments and social consequences identified. We analyzed the data in the light of the historical-dialectical materialist method, understanding that it establishes an analysis of reality from the category of totality, representing it in a historical-critical way. The results obtained through this research demonstrate that water privatization is an essential mechanism for the accumulation and valorization of capital to the detriment of the social use of this natural resource to satisfy the needs of living beings. Thus, it highlights the relevance of this study for conducting a contemporary and necessary debate, with theoretical and practical content ; Este ...

Most of the energy consumed in the world is derived from fossil fuels such as coal and oil, making it limited. Energy is the fundamental basis of human activities. Be they domestic, commercial, industrial, food production or agriculture. And, according to the environmental view point it is necessary to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and increased use of alternative fuels. Soon, biodiesel appears as promising substitute for fossil fuels, being a biofuel derived from oil or animal fats composed of alkyl esters that can replace all or part diesel engines in ciclodiesel. However, when oil derivative is susceptible to oxidative degradation by heat mediated reactions, and traces of metals, especially in the presence of oxygen. Today, most of all biodiesel is derived from soybean in Brazil, which has on average 55% linoleic acid (18:2) and 7.5% linolenic acid (18:3) in its composition, degrading the biofuel. This work is a study of antioxidants derived from cashew nut liquid - technical CNSL, aiming to use them directly as antioxidants in biodiesel in order to improve their stability to oxidation. We carried out the extraction of the components of technical CNSL and electrochemical synthesis of the antioxidant pathway, which were later confirmed using techniques FT-IR, NMR 1H, GC-MS, electrochemical and TG. The results show that antioxidants are low production costs, biodiesel-soluble, have high thermal stability at around 220°C as well as high thermo-oxidative stability, the Rancimat performed with higher potential induction 7h, making promising and effective options to be used as additives for biofuels. Through the electrochemical techniques, it was found that the material exhibits an irreversible adsorption on the platinum electrode used. In addition to an anodic peak in the first scan and even an irreversible oxidation with a characteristic potential of antioxidant activity in about +0,6V and +1,0V. ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; A maior parte da energia consumida no ...

Não recebi financiamento ; O mundo moderno, à medida que foi se desenvolvendo, tornou-se cada vez mais dependente de recursos energéticos e eletricidade para expandir suas produções e suprir as demandas da sociedade. Nesse contexto, as fontes fósseis se mostraram bastante favoráveis para utilização, porém apresentam caráter finito e alto índice de emissão de gases do efeito estufa, através da combustão dessas fontes. O ESG (Ambiental, Social e de Governança, em tradução literal) tem grande destaque quando o assunto é geração de energia, por ser é um dos setores que mais impactam o meio ambiente. E com o aprofundamento da crise hídrica e energética, as industrias sofreram impactos em diversos segmentos. Em função disso, as organizações devem pensar em soluções para reduzir o consumo de energia e alcançar maior sustentabilidade na operação, alinhadas às estratégias de ESG que se tornaram vitais no ambiente corporativo. Para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, considerando suas características e o objetivo em compreender o que é o ESG, os critérios, práticas que ele envolve, sua aplicação e a importância para projetos de eficiência energético optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica. Após a realização da pesquisa possível analisar os fatores de riscos e os benefícios da implantação da eficiência energética através da cultura ESG. Cada vez mais, a sustentabilidade torna-se uma exigência mundial, sendo assim podemos concluir que para as empresas é essencial considerar o ESG como uma forma de se adequar às tendências futuras. As empresas brasileiras do setor de energia ainda possuem um longo caminho a percorrer, sobretudo aquelas ligadas ao setor de óleo e gás. No entanto, é essencial que se comprometam de fato com boas práticas ambientais, sociais e de governança para atrair recursos e investimentos nacionais e internacionais cada vez mais preocupados com as questões climáticas, sociais e de governança. ; The modern world, as it has developed, has become increasingly dependent on energy resources and electricity to ...

(English) 1. Introduction This project aims to address the impacts of climate change on the built environment by developing a set of future Brazilian EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) files and a dashboard to interpret and evaluate the data. The future climate files were obtained using the Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] with climate projections for Brazilian cities, integrating these projections into a code pipeline for automation. In this part of the project, thermal comfort indices, such as the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and the Discomfort Index (DI), were also evaluated to understand future thermal comfort conditions. The methodology followed the structure available in the future-EPW-analysis repository: Climate-One-Building (COB) web-scrapping for all available Brazilian EPW files (we recommend doing this carefully so as not to damage the COB infrastructure); Automatic organisation of all EPW files in a folder, extracting them from the ZIP format; Simulation of future climate files using FutureWeatherGenerator [1] in a line of code with default parameters (shown in Table 1); Organisation of all available EPWs (original and simulated) in a single database; Calculation of thermal comfort indices using pythermalcomfort [2]. The main objective is to provide researchers, policymakers and professionals with a comprehensive tool for assessing and mitigating the impacts of climate change in different Brazilian cities, offering accurate data for thermal comfort and energy efficiency modelling. The methodology involves generating future EPW files, validating them against existing literature and visualising the results through a user-friendly dashboard. The study highlights the importance of adaptive and climate-resilient strategies in urban planning and building design. Expected climate changes in Brazil include increased dry bulb temperature and variations in relative humidity, radiation and wind speed in the different bioclimatic zones. The dashboard has been designed to simplify the visualisation of future climate data, focusing on the main climate variables, thermal comfort indices and data visualisation. It allows users to filter by city and automatically calculate all the indices, providing detailed analyses and comparisons of different scenarios. By offering a free, open-access, multi-platform, extensible, customisable and easy-to-maintain tool, the project aims to facilitate continuous updates, new features and corrections. This tool supports decision-making in public policy and urban planning, promoting a more sustainable and resilient built environment in the face of climate change. 2. Further details on the methodology Details on how the indices were selected and how the study was conducted may be found in Vaz et al. [3]. The GitHub repository in future-EPW-analysis [4] also includes details on the step-by-step procedures. Table 1 - Parameters used in the FWG simulation: Parameter Data used in the simulations Base files 578 cities from COB CMIP-6 models BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Grid Bilinear interpolation of the four nearest points Month transition smoothness 72 hours Apply variable limits True Scenarios A total of nine scenarios: One baseline for 2021 and eight future files (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 for 2050 and 2080) Solar hour correction Made by day Diffuse irradiation model Engerer, 2015 3. References [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Current version of the dashboard: 1.0.0. Available at Dashboard Comfort. Suggestions for improvements can be made directly in the GitHub repository at future-EPW-analysis or sent to igorcmvaz@gmail.com. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Português-BR) 1. Introdução Este projeto tem como objetivo abordar os impactos das mudanças climáticas no ambiente construído, desenvolvendo um conjunto de futuros arquivos EPW (Energy Plus Weather Format) brasileiros e um dashboard para interpretar e avaliar os dados. Os arquivos climáticos futuros foram obtidos com o Future Weather Generator (FWG) [1] com projeções climáticas para cidades brasileiras, integrando essas projeções a um pipeline de código para automação. Nessa parte do projeto, os índices de conforto térmico, como o Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) e o Discomfort Index (DI), também foram avaliados para entender as condições futuras de conforto térmico. A metodologia seguiu a estrutura que está disponível no repositório future-EPW-analysis: Web-scrapping do Climate-One-Building (COB) para todos os arquivos EPW brasileiros disponíveis (recomendamos fazer isso com cuidado para não prejudicar a infraestrutura do COB); Organização automática de todos os arquivos EPW em uma pasta, extraindo-os do formato ZIP; Simulação dos arquivos climáticos futuros por meio do FutureWeatherGenerator [1] em linha de código com parâmetros padrão (mostrados na Tabela 1); Organização de todos os EPW disponíveis (originais e simulados) em um único banco de dados; Cálculo dos índices de conforto térmico com o pythermalcomfort [2]. O objetivo principal é fornecer a pesquisadores, formuladores de políticas e profissionais uma ferramenta abrangente para avaliar e mitigar os impactos das mudanças climáticas em diferentes cidades brasileiras, oferecendo dados precisos para modelagem de conforto térmico e eficiência energética. A metodologia envolve a geração de futuros arquivos EPW, validando-os com a literatura existente e visualizando os resultados por meio de um dashboard de fácil utilização. O estudo destaca a importância de estratégias adaptativas e resistentes ao clima no planejamento urbano e no projeto de edificações. As mudanças climáticas esperadas no Brasil incluem o aumento da temperatura de bulbo seco e variações na umidade relativa, radiação e velocidade do vento nas diferentes zonas bioclimáticas. O dashboard foi projetado para simplificar a visualização dos dados climáticos futuros, concentrando-se nas principais variáveis climáticas, índices de conforto térmico e visualização dos dados. Ele permite que os usuários filtrem por cidade e calculem automaticamente todos os índices, fornecendo análises detalhadas e comparações de diferentes cenários. Ao oferecer uma ferramenta gratuita, de acesso aberto, multiplataforma, extensível, personalizável e de fácil manutenção, o projeto visa a facilitar atualizações contínuas, novos recursos e correções. Essa ferramenta apoia a tomada de decisões em políticas públicas e planejamento urbano, promovendo um ambiente construído mais sustentável e resiliente em face das mudanças climáticas. 2. Mais detalhes sobre a metodologia Detalhes sobre a seleção dos índices de conforto e como o estudo foi conduzido podem ser encontrados em Vaz et al. [3]. O repositório GitHub em future-EPW-analysis [4] também inclui detalhes sobre os procedimentos passo a passo. Tabela 1 - Parâmetros usados na simulação do FWG Parâmetro Dados utilizados na simulação Arquivos base 578 cidades do COB Modelos CMIP-6 BCC-CSM2-MR, CAS-ESM2.0, CMCC-ESM2, CNRM-CM6.1-HR, CNRM-ESM2.1, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-Veg, MIROC-ES2H, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2.0, UKESM1.0-LL Malha Interpolação bilinear dos quatro pontos mais próximos Suavização da transição mensal 72 horas Aplicar limites das variáveis Sim Cenários Total de nove cenários: Um arquivo base em 2021 e oito arquivos futuros (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 e SSP5-8.5 para 2050 e 2080) Correção de hora solar Feita por dia Modelo de radiação difusa Engerer (2015) 3. Referências [1] E. Rodrigues, M.S. Fernandes, D. Carvalho, Future weather generator for building performance research: An open-source morphing tool and an application, Building and Environment 233 (2023) 110104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110104. [2] F. Tartarini, S. Schiavon, pythermalcomfort: A Python package for thermal comfort research, SoftwareX 12 (2020) 100578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100578. [3] Vaz, I.C.M.; Ghisi, E.; Thives, L.P.; Vieira, A.S.; Rupp, R.F.; da Rosa, A.S.; Flores, R.A.; Bastos, M.B.; Marinoski, D.L.; Silva, A.S.; Weeber, M.; Invidiata, A. (2024). Dashboard for interpreting future climate files used in the simulation of buildings – an outdoor thermal comfort approach. Under submission. [4] Future EPW Analysis - A pipeline of processes aimed at providing future EPW files based on existing models from the literature. Available at: https://github.com/igorcmvaz/future-EPW-analysis. Versão atual do dashboard: 1.0.0. Disponível em Dashboard conforto. As sugestões de melhorias podem ser feitas diretamente no repositório do GitHub em future-EPW-analysis ou enviadas para igorcmvaz@gmail.com. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This zipped folder contains the files used to generate the results of this article, submitted to the journal Climatic Change.

The feasibility of cooking a solar cooker made from disused satellite dishes was studied. At the end of the solar cooker manufacturing process, some experiments were carried out with the objective of cooking 3 foods: rice, pasta and ground meat, the foods were ready in an average of 30 min, since there is a waiting time to heat up. the water. The solar cooker proved to be viable to produce the cooking of tested foods, in competitive times, with other cookers already manufactured and tested in HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND SOLAR ENERGY LABORATORY (LMHES). The experiment carried out has as its strengths its easy manufacturing, assembly and operation process, which can be passed on to people of any social and intellectual levels, contributing to a policy of replacing firewood, which causes significant damage to the environment. ; Estudou-se a viabilidade de cocção de um fogão solar fabricado a partir das antenas parabólicas em desuso. Ao fim do processo de fabricação do fogão solar, foram realizados alguns experimentos que tiveram como objetivo a cocção de 3 alimentos: arroz, macarrão e carne moída, os alimentos ficaram prontos em média de 30 min, já que há um tempo de espera para esquentar a água. O fogão solar mostrou-se viável para produzir a cocção dos alimentos testados em tempos competitivos com outros fogões já fabricados e testados no LABORATÓRIO DE MÁQUINAS HIDRÁULICAS E ENERGIA SOLAR (LMHES). O experimento realizado tem como pontos fortes seu fácil processo de fabricação, montagem e operacionalidade, podendo ser repassados para pessoas de quaisquer níveis sociais e intelectuais, contribuindo para uma política de substituição da lenha, que traz danos significativos ao meio ambiente.

The need to develop more sustainable agro-ecosystems is urgent, therefore, several efforts are made to insert alternative strategies on environmental, social and economic variables. For this reason, this theme started to raise relevant debates in the areas that include agricultural production and to challenge researchers to portray this subject in different perspectives. Consequently, several models for assessing agro-ecosystem sustainability have been proposed, but not always applied. One of the first efforts made is the framework for the evaluation of sustainable land management by Gameda and Dumanski (1995). However, little has been seen in studies that wished to maximize this sustainability using mathematical modeling. Therefore, the present work seeks to maximize the sustainability index of agroecosystems proposed by Rodrigues (2018) as well as to maximize their total production, through multiobjective optimization. To implement the model, data from 4 agroecosystems obtained by Reis (2013) were used, favoring the realization of mathematical modeling and application of the method. After formulating the problem, Matlab was used for the implementation with the aid of the CVX toolbox. The solution found for the problem is considered feasible and optimal, since it was found that the maximization of the Sustainability Index of the studied agroecosystems was achieved, as well as their total production. It ended by concluding that this work revealed that the results found managed to be better than in the study developed by Rodrigues (2018). ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES ; A necessidade de serem desenvolvidos agroecossistemas mais sustentáveis é urgente, sendo assim, vários esforços são feitos para serem inseridas estratégias alternativas sobre as variáveis ambientais, sociais e econômicas. Por isso, essa temática passou a despertar relevantes debates nas áreas que abrangem a produção agrícola e a desafiar pesquisadores a tratarem desse assunto em diferentes perspectivas. ...

The present work shows a new technique applied to the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts MCM-41 containing basic alkylammonium cations and the study of stability in the transesterification reactions of monoesters. MCM-41 was developed by Mobil Oil Corporation in 1992 due to demand for materials with pore diameters in the range of mesoporous and is characterized by the arrangement of hexagonally ordered channels. Its synthesis involves precursors such as silicon source, hydroxyl source and surfactant, this latter in aqueous solution assumes the provision more favorable to their bi-functional character, forming a structure called a micelle. Recent polls show MCM-41, containing alkylammonium cations as an excellent base catalyst in fine chemistry and applicability in the production of biodiesel possessing strong basic sites related to the presence of anions siloxy ≡SiO- from interacting with the surfactant alkylammonium cations. The potential for reuse of heterogeneous catalysts brings economic benefits to the chemical processes involved, but the stability is needed in the different uses and leaching of these cations to the reaction observed in the different uses of the catalysts MCM-41 CTA+ reconciled to the loss of catalytic activity observed in literature motivated the search for new methods of synthesis with the aim of setting alkylammonium cations (CTA+) in the catalyst micelles. With this objective the styrene was used in synthesizing and expanding agent micellar enabling it inside the micelles and subsequent polymerization. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy in the region, elementary chemical analysis (CHN) techniques were used for characterization of new materials poly (styrene)-MCM-41 CTA+. The new catalysts provide high conversions (82%) transesterification of monoester (ethyl acetate) and methanol (1:6) at 50 ° C and were more stable catalytic achieving the proposed objective. ; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos ; O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo uma nova técnica aplicada à síntese dos ...

Sustainability is a reality in the changes of contemporary society. In this context, universities and other public sectors assume a strategic role in offering excellent services and quality of life to users. One of the obstacles in this process is the lack of qualification and sensitization of civil servants about their social responsibility and mobilizing role in sustainable development. Competences to achieve SDG are gaps as a vector for Sustainable Development in Public Management. Thus, this paper aims to assess the level of qualification of UFU’s servants to achieve 2030 Agenda based on competences for sustainability proposed in the literature. The methodological qualitative and quantitative approach were used by a survey with the civil servants of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The quantitative approach based on statistical analysis and the qualitative study used codes, category analysis, and document analysis, generating an experience report. As a technological product, a diagnosis was prepared and from this it is possible to conclude that there is a need for qualification of civil servants to achieve 2030 Agenda, in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Therefore, developing competences is a need despite recognizing the benefits of complying with the SDGs in the Institution. The paper has practical implications to integration of sustainability assumptions in Public Administration, in addition, it supports advances in the theory of competences applied to sustainable development, with specific application in the public sector. ; Dissertação (Mestrado) ; A sustentabilidade é uma realidade nas mudanças da sociedade contemporânea. Neste contexto, as universidades e outros órgãos públicos assumem um papel estratégico no oferecimento de serviços de excelência e qualidade de vida aos usuários. Um dos entraves desse processo se dá pela falta de qualificação e sensibilização dos servidores a respeito de sua responsabilidade social e papel mobilizador no desenvolvimento sustentável. As competências para ...