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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Streitfert, Anita;Since 1750, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm to about 350 ppm today and is expected to reach 540-970 ppm by 2100. The CO2 concentration is known to affect plants directly and indirectly through the influence of global warming. In this dissertation the impact of 50 years of global warming on plant phenology was assessed. The assessment was used to predict future phenological alterations due to global warming. Direct effects of future CO2 levels (20% above ambient) on phenology, anatomy and stomatal resistance to water vapour were also investigated on plants from the Giessen Free Air Carbondioxid Enrichment (Gi-FACE) study. Phenological data of crops, fruit plants and wild plants collected by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst = DWD) on 170 stations in Hessen between 1951 and 2003 have been analysed. The analysis revealed that the development of plants has shifted during the last decades in Hessen. The beginning of the phenological phases advanced by 0,4 to 5,5 days per decade. The spring phases showed the largest trend. However, the advancement of the phenological phases tended to decline during the annual cycle. Responses to global warming such as the length of vegetation period and the leaf senescence (of oak) did show considerable regional variation and sometimes opposite trends in neighbouring areas. While in some areas the vegetation period was longer, in others it was not changed. However, in the area called Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal it became even shorter. A regionalized phenological model for the area 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) during the decade 2041-2050 has been developed, using temperature predictions based on the data from meteorological station Gießen. The simulation proved that global warming will advance the phenological phases of the plants and will lengthen the vegetation period. As a consequence of the advancement of the phenological phases, the risk of late frost damage is likely to be present in the future and presumably will rise for some particular fruit species. Phenology is affected not only by global warming but also by rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Most of the investigated plants of the GiFACE graslandsite showed a shift in flowering in spite of the moderate CO2 enrichment used. In this case advancement and delay occurred. The flowering of Glechoma hederacea and Saxifraga granulata advanced significantly under enhanced CO2 concentration. This indicates that evergreen species benefit from the CO2 enrichment, when it is applied throughout the year, and that they are able to react with advanced development under these conditions. Large differences in the date of flowering from year to year suggest that the CO2 effect is modified by the climatic conditions. The impact of enhanced CO2 concentration on anatomical parameters and the stomatal resistance to water vapour were investigated for six species. Despite the moderate enhancement of CO2 concentration, these attributes did already exhibit a response. However, the reactions were different among the species investigated. The species Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata raised the stomatal resistance mainly through the reduction of the stomata density, while Glechoma hederacea did this through a reduction of the stomatal aperture. Glechoma hederacea showed in general a positive reaction to enhanced CO2 concentration concerning leaf thickness, leaf tissue density and leaf mass per area. In contrast, the responses of the other investigated species did not demonstrate such a consistent pattern. Glechoma hederacea is unique in showing a significant advancement of flowering and a significant enhancement of the stomatal resistance to water vapour under elevated CO2. Because the resulting reduction in transpiration may lead to increased leaf temperatures as well as on the entire canopy level, elevated CO2 might be responsible for phenological changes. Thus, the detected global warming effect is inseparable from the effect that rising CO2 levels have on these species. Die CO2-Konzentration ist seit 1750 von 280 ppm auf heute 375 ppm angestiegen und wird sich bis 2100 weiter auf 540-970 ppm erhöhen. Dieser Anstieg wirkt sich indirekt über die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre als auch direkt auf die Pflanzen aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Auswirkung der Klimaerwärmung in den letzten 50 Jahren und der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung auf die Pflanzenentwicklung sowie die Wirkung von moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen (+20 %) auf die Phänologie, die Anatomie und den Stomatawiderstand von Pflanzen zu untersuchen. Anhand der Auswertung phänologischer Daten landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen, Obstgehölzen und wildwachsenden Pflanzen der Jahre 1951 bis 2003 von 170 Stationen in Hessen konnte gezeigt werden, dass es in diesem Zeitraum zu Verschiebungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung gekommen ist. Der Eintritt phänologischer Phasen verfrühte sich im Mittel zwischen 0,4 bis 5,5 Tage/Dekade. Die Frühjahrsphasen zeigten dabei den stärksten Trend. Im Jahresverlauf nahm die Verfrühung der phänologischen Phasen ab. Regionale Unterschiede und gegensätzliche Trends in benachbarten Naturräumen zeigten sich in der Reaktion der Pflanzen (z.B. Blattseneszenz der Stiel-Eiche), aber auch in der Dauer der Vegetationsperiode. Während sich die Vegetationszeit in manchen Regionen verlängert hat, ist sie in anderen unverändert geblieben. Im Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal hat sie sich sogar verkürzt. Mit Hilfe von Modellen, basierend auf den Temperaturdaten eines Regionalisierungsmodells für die meteorologische Station Gießen, konnte beispielhaft für den Naturraum 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) gezeigt werden, dass es aufgrund der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung in der Dekade von 2041 bis 2050 zu weiteren Verfrühungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung und zur Verlängerung der Vegetationsperiode kommen wird. Die Verfrühung der Frühjahrsphasen hat zur Folge, dass die Gefahr von Spätfrost auch in der Zukunft vorhanden ist und für einige Obstarten wahrscheinlich noch ansteigt. Neben erhöhten Lufttemperaturen beeinflussen jedoch auch erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen die Phänologie. So zeigte die überwiegende Anzahl der untersuchten Pflanzenarten eines Grünlandbestandes - trotz nur moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentration - Verschiebungen im mittleren Blühbeginn, wobei sowohl Verfrühungen als auch Verspätungen auftraten. Eine signifikante Verfrühung unter erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen konnte bei Glechoma hederacea und bei Saxifraga granulata beobachtet werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass immergrüne Arten von der ganzjährigen CO2-Anreicherung profitieren und mit einer schnelleren Entwicklung im Frühling reagieren. Große Unterschiede im Zeitpunkt des Blühbeginns lassen vermuten, dass der CO2-Effekt durch die Witterung modifiziert wird. Die Auswirkungen von erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen auf anatomische Parameter und den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf wurde beispielhaft an sechs Arten untersucht. Dabei reagierten die Pflanzen auf moderat erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen unterschiedlich: Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata erhöhten den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf hauptsächlich durch die Verringerung der Stomatadichte, Glechoma hederacea hingegen überwiegend durch eine Reduzierung der Öffnungsweite der Stomata. Im Bezug auf die Blattdicke, die Blattdichte und den LMA (leaf mass per area) zeigte Glechoma hederacea generell positive Reaktionen auf erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen. Im Gegensatz dazu reagierten die anderen untersuchten Arten unterschiedlich. Als einzige Art zeigte Glechoma hederacea eine signifikante Verfrühung im Blühbeginn einhergehend mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Stomatawiderstandes für Wasserdampf. Verringerungen der Transpiration könnten zu erhöhten Blatt- und Bestandestemperaturen führen und damit Auswirkungen auf die Phänologie haben, so dass Klimaerwärmung und CO2-Effekt nicht trennbar sind.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:Zenodo Schmutz, S.; Jungwirth, M.; Ratschan, C.; Siemens M. V.; Guttmann, S.; Paintner, S.; Unfer, G.; Weiss, S.; Hanfland, S.; Schenekar, T.; Schubert, M.; Brunner, H.; Born, O.; Woschitz, G.; Gum, B.; Friedl, T.; Komposch, C.; Mühlbauer, M.; Honsig-Erlenburg, W.; Hackländer, K.; Haidvogl, G.; Eberstaller, J.; Friedrich, T.; Geist, J.; Gumpinger, C.; Graf, C.; Hofpointner, M.; Honsig-Erlenburg, G.; Latzer, D.; Pinter, K.; Rechberger, A.; Schähle, Z.; Schotzko, N.; Seliger, C.; Sutter, G.; Schröder, W.; Zauner, G.;Originally, the Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) occurred in Bavaria and Austria in more than 250 rivers occupying more than 7,400 km of rivers. Nowadays, populations in »very good« and »good« status exist in only 0.7 % and 7.1 % of the original distribution. Therefore, the Danube salmon is classified as an endangered species. Due to ongoing stock declines the Danube salmon is running the risk to become a critically endangered species soon. The main reasons for the declines are river channelization and hydropower development. In addition, climate change may further contribute to stock declines in lowland river sections due to exceedance of water temperature limits of this cold-water species. Furthermore, Danube salmon and prey fish populations have lost their resilience to cope with re-established populations of fish predators (cormorant, goosander, fish otter) leading to ongoing population declines. Effective protection against further degradations such as new hydropower developments is required to safeguard the Danube salmon remaining populations. Furthermore, degraded rivers need to be restored and fish predators have to be managed to allow recovery of Danube salmon and prey fish populations. Due to the precarious situation conservation and restoration actions have to be implemented immediately.
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visibility 831visibility views 831 download downloads 740 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Thesis 2017Embargo end date: 23 Oct 2018 GermanyPublisher:Universität Tübingen Authors: Lechner, Marian;handle: 10900/85626 , 10900/84458
Botanische Gärten sind Naherholungsräume, Knotenpunkte zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit sowie einzigartige Horte globaler Biodiversität im urbanen Umfeld. Sie besitzen ein außergewöhnlich großes, bislang wenig genutztes Potenzial für die Nachhaltigkeitsbildung. Die vorliegende Studie nutzt den Botanischen Garten München-Nymphenburg als Untersuchungskontext, um sich im Lern- und Handlungsfeld "Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung" (BNE) mit qualitativen Methoden auf das in Deutschland etablierte BNE-Konzept "Gestaltungskompetenz" zu konzentrieren. Hierfür wurde ein Bildungsangebot in Ausstellungsform konzipiert. Es thematisiert exotische, wirtschaftlich bedeutsame Pflanzenarten, welche eine Rolle in Schlüsselthemen nachhaltiger Entwicklung spielen und trägt den Titel ‚Die Frucht der Arbeit – Pflanzennutzung im Spannungsfeld der Globalisierung‘. Zur Kommunikation der Ausstellungsinhalte wurden ProduzentInnen der jeweiligen Pflanzen auf den einzelnen Stationen als ErzählerInnen mit Bildern und Sprechblasentexten abgebildet. Diese ProtagonistInnen in nachhaltigkeits- sowie pflanzenbezogenen Konfliktsituationen sprachen über die dargestellten Inhalte hinweg die GartenbesucherInnen an (etwa als KonsumentInnen). Die Ausstellungswahrnehmung der BesucherInnen wurde in einem dreigliedrigen Evaluationsprozess untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit qualitativen Methoden ausgewertet. Die Studienergebnisse deuten nicht nur auf einen Kompetenzzugewinn durch die Auseinandersetzung der BesucherInnen mit der Ausstellung hin, sondern erweitern die allgemeine Praxistauglichkeit von Gestaltungskompetenz und BNE im Bereich des informellen Lernens. Das erarbeitete didaktische Konzept trägt zu einer Nachhaltigkeitsbildung bei, die über reine Wissensvermittlung hinausgeht, Kompetenzentwicklung sowie Reflexionsprozesse fördert und auch die Handlungspotentiale einer erwachsenen Zielgruppe erweitert. Botanic gardens are local recreational areas that provide the general public with many opportunities to learn about plants and science, but their great potential for sustainability education has rarely been tapped. This study uses the Munich Botanic Garden as a fitting backdrop to contribute to the learning area of ‘Education for Sustainable Development’ (ESD). The thesis focuses on an ESD concept called ‘Shaping Competence’ and implements it in an exhibition that encourages visitors to educate themselves by adopting perspectives they were previously not familiar with. The exhibition, titled “The Fruits of Labor – Crops in the Context of Globalization“, centers on economically significant exotic plants which play a role in the key issues sustainable development has been facing. To highlight these issues in the garden, information boards were put up next to the crops in question. The boards all featured an image of an exemplary producer of the respective crop. Speech bubbles were placed next to these images to make the exhibition’s content more accessible to visitors and address them directly (e.g. as consumers). The author used a three-part evaluation process to study how the visitors perceived the exhibition and then evaluated the results using qualitative methods. The study results suggest that the garden’s visitors have in fact gained in competency by critically engaging with the exhibition. The research contribution has helped expand the field of informal learning within ESD and has addressed the necessity to test didactic approaches to sustainability education which go beyond sheer knowledge transfer, promote both competency development and reflection processes, and expand the capacity of action for adult target audiences.
Eberhard Karls Unive... arrow_drop_down Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Eberhard Karls Unive... arrow_drop_down Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2010 GermanyAuthors: Niklaus, Markus; Tum, Markus; Günther, Kurt P.;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017 GermanyPublisher:Floristisch-soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft e.V. (FlorSoz) Authors: Peppler-Lisbach, Cord; Könitz, Natali;doi: 10.14471/2017.37.001
In Borstgrasrasen (Nardetalia) des Werra-Meißner-Gebietes (Nordhessen, Südniedersachsen) wurden 2012 nach 25 Jahren auf möglichst gleichen Untersuchungsflächen (quasi-Dauerflächen) Wiederholungsaufnahmen angefertigt, um den gegenwärtigen Zustand bzw. Veränderungen in diesem prioritären FFH-Lebensraumtyp zu erfassen. Es wurden insgesamt 61 Flächen untersucht. Neben der Artenzusammensetzung wurden auch Bodenparameter (pH, C/N-Verhältnis, Mächtigkeit der organi-schen Auflage) und die Nutzung erfasst. Bei der Wiederholungsaufnahme 2012 waren, abgesehen von einer Aufforstungsfläche, noch auf allen Flächen Arten der Borstgrasrasen vorhanden. Die Flächen wurden 2012 überwiegend genutzt oder gepflegt, während 1986/87 Brachflächen noch bei weitem dominierten. Eine Düngung der Flächen erfolgte nicht. Trotz dieser generell günstigen Nutzungssituation lässt sich ein genereller Trend zur Eutrophierung feststellen, der sich hinsichtlich Artenzahl und Deckung in einer Zunahme von Arten des Wirtschaftsgrünlandes (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Borst-grasrasen-Kennarten äußert. Auch die Artenzahlen der übrigen Magerkeitszeiger nahmen im Mittel ab, während Verbrachungszeiger im Allgemeinen zunahmen. Eine Veränderung der Gesamtartenzahl war nicht festzustellen. Die mittleren Zeigerwerte spiegeln die Verschiebungen im Arteninventar durch erhöhte mittlere Reaktions- und Stickstoffzahlen wider. Strukturell hat in den vergangenen 25 Jahren vor allem eine generelle Zunahme der Moosschichtdeckung und eine Ausbreitung der Sträucher auf Brachflächen stattgefunden. Bei den Bodenparametern waren 2012 eine signifikante Erhöhung der pH-Werte, eine Einengung der C/N-Verhältnisse und eine Abnahme der Mächtigkeit der organischen Auflage (Of) feststellbar. Regressionsmodelle zeigen, dass dabei die Zunahme von Arten des Wirtschaftsgrünlandes direkt mit den ansteigenden pH-Werten zusammen hing, während die Veränderungen bei den Kennarten eher vom Ausgangs-C/N-Verhältnis, teilweise auch von der Entwicklung der organischen Auflage und der Nutzung abhängig waren. Die vorgefundenen Veränderungen werden vor dem Hintergrund möglicher Gefährdungsszenarien (Brache, Eutrophierung, Bodenversauerung, Klimawandel) diskutiert. Angesichts des unerwarteten Befundes einer Eutrophierung bei gleichzeitig nachlassender Bodenversauerung, wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass der seit den 1990er-Jahren erfolgte Rückgang der Schwefeldepositionen mit nachfolgender Erholung der Boden-pH-Werte und nachlassender Stressbelastung, z. B. durch Ammonium-Toxizität, die Veränderungen ausgelöst haben könnte. Außerdem deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine zumindest teilweise zu geringe Nutzungs- bzw. Pflegeintensität bzw. zu späte Nutzungstermine. Möglicherweise führt der erhöhte Eutrophierungsdruck hier auch zu verstärkten Anforderungen an das Management der Flächen. Eindeutige Indizien für klimabedingte Veränderungen im Arteninventar ließen sich nicht finden. Indirekte Effekte über eine erwärmungsbedingte Förderung der Mineralisationsraten oder ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen höheren Wintertemperaturen und der Zunahme der Moosdeckung lassen sich jedoch nicht ausschließen. The present study aimed at assessing the present state and changes of Nardus grassland in the Werra-Meissner region (Central Germany) since the 1980s by resurveying 61 quasi-permanent plots in 2012. We repeated vegetation relevés, measurements of soil parameters (pH, C/N ratio, thickness of organic Of layer) and recorded present management practices. In 2012, Nardus grassland species still occurred in all plots but one, which had been afforested with spruce trees. The bulk of plot sites were managed in 2012 as opposed to 1986/87, when most of the plots had been fallows. No site had been fertilized or manured. Despite these favorable man-agement conditions, we found a general eutrophication signal indicated by a shift in species composition. Abundance and richness of grassland (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) species increased, whereas Nardus grassland species declined both in number and abundance. Species richness of general low-nutrient indicators declined as well, whereas fallow indicators increased. Overall species richness did not change significantly. Increasing mean Ellenberg indicator values for soil reaction and nitrogen reflected these shifts in species composition. Vegetation structure changed with respect to a general increase in bryophyte cover and in shrub cover on fallow plots. Soil parameters showed a general increase in pH and a decrease in both C/N-ratio and Of thickness. Regression models reveal a direct relationship between increase of grassland species and increase of pH values. Nardus grassland species rather responded to initial C/N ratio and changes in Of thickness and management. The changes in species composition and soil parameters are discussed in the light of several sce-narios potentially threatening Nardus grasslands, i.e. fallow, eutrophication, soil acidification and climate change. Considering the unexpected result that eutrophication coincided with decreasing acidification, we hypothesize that a reduction of airborne acidification due to declining sulfur deposition rates since the 1990s is a major driver for species shifts in Nardus grasslands. Soil pH recovery possibly led to stress reduction (e.g. declining risk of ammonium toxicity for grassland species), thus triggering the observed changes. Moreover, the results indicate that management practices were not sufficient to suppress fallow indicators in Nardus grassland. Perhaps, eutrophication poses new challenges for the management of the remaining sites of this high priority habitat type of the EU Habitats Directive. To date, we found no evidence for changes in species composition directly related to climate change. However, indirect effects of global warming, e.g. on mineralization rates or on bryophyte cover, cannot be excluded.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis , Doctoral thesis 2018Embargo end date: 19 Mar 2019 GermanyPublisher:Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt Authors: Meier, Klaus;doi: 10.25673/13592
Die hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen leisten einen Beitrag, notwendige naturschutzfachliche Vorgaben und landwirtschaftliche Nutzungserfordernisse miteinander zu verbinden und zu kalkulieren. Es werden Einschätzungen darüber möglich, wie naturschutzgerechte, landwirtschaftliche Nutzung von Grünland bei Erreichung höchstmöglicher Deckungsbeiträge organisiert werden kann. Als Fallbeispiel diente die Muldeaue der Stadt Dessau-Roßlau (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany). Im Mix verschiedener Nutzungsformen kann eine relative Wirtschaftlichkeit erreicht werden. Eine Nutzung des Grases aus der Muldeaue für die Biogasherstellung ist aber, mit einer nach August 2014 errichteten Biogasanlage (EEG 2014), unrentabel. Da Biogasherstellung eine ideale Möglichkeit ist, landwirtschaftliche- und Naturschutz-Interessen vereinbar zu machen, wäre eine Anpassung der Einspeisevergütung auf Grundlage des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes wünschenswert. The investigations presented in this paper are intended to contribute to calculating and combining natural conservation with statutory agricultural use requirements. It is therefore intended to make it possible to assess the extent to which nature conservation and agricultural use of grassland can be organised to achieve the best possible results. The Muldeaue of Dessau-Roßlau (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) was used as a case study. In the interplay of different utilization forms, a relative profitability can be achieved. But an use of the grass from the Muldeaue for biogas production would be unfeasible, assuming a biogas plant (EEG 2014) was built after August 2014. As biogas production is an ideal way to reconcile agricultural and nature-related interests, an adjustment of the feed-in tariff on the basis of the Renewable Energy Sources Act would be desirable.
Share_it arrow_drop_down Share_itDoctoral thesis . 2018Full-Text: http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/13592Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Share_it arrow_drop_down Share_itDoctoral thesis . 2018Full-Text: http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/13592Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2023 GermanyPublisher:Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau Authors: Gottardo Morandi, Carlo;doi: 10.26204/kluedo/7515
Der Klimawandel erfordert den Ausbau urbaner blau-grüner Infrastrukturen, was jedoch mit einem erheblichen Mehrbedarf an Wasser einhergeht. Zentrale Abwasserinfrastrukturen genügen nicht den Ansprüchen der Ressourceneffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit. Daher ist ein neuer Umgang mit Wasser im städtischen Kontext notwendig. Die getrennte Erfassung von schwach belastetem Grauwasser aus Duschen und Handwaschbecken bietet eine nahezu kontinuierliche, wenig verschmutzte Wasserressource zur Wiederverwendung. Naturnahe Verfahren wie Bodenfilter können zur Grauwasseraufbereitung eingesetzt werden; der hohe Flächenbedarf beschränkte jedoch bisher den Einsatz in dicht besiedelten Gebieten. In dieser Arbeit werden technologiebasierte und konzeptionelle Ansätze vorgestellt. Dabei wurden acht vertikal durchströmte Bodenfilter zur nutzungsorientierten Grauwasseraufbereitung im kleintechnischen und Pilotmaßstab untersucht und zusätzlich ein Excel-basiertes Instrument entwickelt, das die Auswirkungen der Grauwasserseparation auf konventionelle zentrale Kläranlagen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen schwankende Zusammensetzungen und Mengen von Grauwasser. Aufgrund begrenzter Datenverfügbarkeit in der Fachliteratur wird empfohlen, die hier ermittelten 85-Perzentilwerte von 13 g CSB (chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf) pro Einwohner (E) und Tag sowie 55 L/(E·d) für die Bemessung von Anlagen zur Behandlung von gesiebtem, schwach belastetem Grauwasser heranzuziehen. Die ermittelten Stickstofffrachten und -konzentrationen waren aufgrund von Urinkontamination um 60 – 130 % höher als bisher angenommen, während die Phosphorkonzentrationen gesetzlich bedingt um ca. 60 % niedriger lagen. Alle Vertikalfilter wiesen im Ablauf meist < 2,0 mg/l abfiltrierbare Stoffe (AFS) bzw. < 10 mg/l CSB auf (also Eliminationen von überwiegend > 98 % AFS bzw. > 97 % CSB). Der aufgeständerte Rheinsandfilter zeigte bei < 12°C eine eingeschränkte Nitrifikation, während der Lavasandfilter bei > 5°C vollständig nitrifizierte. Die Vertikalfilter entfernten bis zu 50 – 70 % Stickstoff bei Drainageeinstau und Nitratrückführung. Der Lavasandfilter hielt Phosphor weitestgehend zurück. Die Reduktion von Escherichia coli, Enterokokken und Gesamtcoliformen betrug > 3 log-Stufen, während organische Spurenstoffe meist zu > 85 % entfernt wurden. Durch gezielte Anpassungen im Aufbau und Betrieb wurden für verschiedene Nutzungszwecke (Bewässerung, Versickerung und Toilettenspülung) geeignete Qualitäten erreicht. Der erforderliche Flächenbedarf für Bodenfilter zur Behandlung von schwach belastetem Grauwasser wurde zu 0,4 m2/E bestimmt (bezogen auf 85-Perzentilwerte). Dem liegen eine CSB-Flächenbelastung von 32 g/(m2·d) und eine hydraulische Flächenbelastung von 130 L/(m2·d) zugrunde. Die Anwendung von Lavasandfiltern in aufgeständerter Bauweise erwies sich als praxistauglich. Damit wird die Ausweitung des Bodenfilterverfahrens auf den urbanen Raum gefördert. Die Bilanzierungen zeigen, dass die Abtrennung von bis zu 17 % des an die Kläranlage angeschlossenen Grauwassers förderlich für den Kläranlagenbetrieb ist. Bei höheren Abtrennungsraten könnte jedoch eine Stickstoffrückgewinnung/-entfernung aus stickstoffreichen Schlammströmen erforderlich werden. Die Trennung bzw. dezentrale Aufbereitung von Grauwasser hat Vorteile wie Verdunstungskühlung und Wasserwiederverwendung und unterstützt zentral die Transition zu ressourcenorientierten Sanitärsystemen. Insgesamt können betrieblich und baulich angepasste Bodenfilter eine wichtige Rolle in dieser Umstellung spielen und einen deutlichen Beitrag zum nachhaltigen Umgang mit Wasser im städtischen Bereich leisten. Climate change requires the strengthening of urban blue-green infrastructure, which, however, is associated with a significant increase in water demand. Concurrently, centralized wastewater infrastructures are inadequate to meet the criteria for resource efficiency and sustainability, as mixed wastewater discharge persists. Therefore, a new approach to water management is imperative in urban contexts. Source-separation of light greywater, such as from showers and hand wash basins, provides a nearly permanent, low-polluted water resource for reuse. Nature-based solutions like constructed wetlands can be employed for greywater treatment; however, the substantial area requirements have so far limited their implementation in highly urbanized areas. This study presents technology-based and conceptual approaches, involving the investigation of eight vertical-flow constructed wetlands for on-demand greywater treatment at small and pilot scales. Additionally, an Excel-based tool was developed to assess the impact of greywater separation on the operation of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The findings reveal varying compositions and volumes of the investigated greywater. Due to limited data availability in existing literature, it is recommended to utilize the 85th percentiles derived from this study for the design of constructed wetlands treating light greywater, amounting to 13 g COD (chemical oxygen demand) per person (P) and day and 55 L/(P·d). Total nitrogen loads and concentrations were 60 – 130% higher than previously assumed due to urine contamination, while total phosphorus concentrations were about 60% lower due to legal regulations. In all wetland systems investigated, the effluent showed < 2.0 mg/L of total suspended solids and < 10 mg/L of COD, corresponding to eliminations mostly > 98% and > 97%, respectively. The elevated Rhine sand wetland showed limited nitrification at < 12°C, while the lava sand wetland showed complete nitrification at > 5°C. The investigated wetlands removed up to 50 – 70% of nitrogen by impounding the drainage layer and returning nitrate-rich effluent to the wetland surface. The lava sand wetland retained phosphorus extensively. Reduction of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and total coliforms exceeded > 3 log levels, while organic micropollutants were predominantly removed by > 85%. Through adjustments in design and operation, suitable qualities were achieved for different reuses (irrigation, infiltration, and toilet flushing). The necessary surface area requirement for constructed wetlands treating light greywater was determined to be 0.4 m²/P (based on 85th percentile values). This value is derived from a COD surface load of 32 g/(m²·d) and a hydraulic surface load of 130 L/(m²·d). The deployment of elevated lava sand wetlands proved to be viable in practice. Overall, these findings promote the expansion of constructed wetlands to urbanized areas. Mass and volume flow balances indicate that the separation of up to 17% of the greywater connected to the WWTP benefits its operation. However, at higher separation rates, TN recovery/removal from nitrogen-rich sludge streams may be required. The separation/decentralized treatment of greywater offers manifold advantages such as evaporation cooling and water reuse, and significantly supports the transition towards resource-oriented sanitation systems. Adapted constructed wetlands can play an important role in this transformation process and can significantly contribute to a more sustainable water management in urban areas. Schriftenreihe Wasser Infrastruktur Ressourcen; 12
KLUEDO - Publication... arrow_drop_down KLUEDO - Publication Server of University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)Doctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Kaiserslauterer uniweiter elektronischer DokumentenserverDoctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert KLUEDO - Publication... arrow_drop_down KLUEDO - Publication Server of University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)Doctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Kaiserslauterer uniweiter elektronischer DokumentenserverDoctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euintegration_instructions Research softwarekeyboard_double_arrow_right Software 2018Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Nickel, Stefan; Schröder, Winfried;{"references": ["Nickel, S; Schr\u00f6der, W (2017): Fuzzy modelling and mapping soil moisture for observed periods and climate scenarios. An alternative for dynamic modelling at the national and regional scale? Annals of Forest Science, 74(4), 71"]} ArcGIS application for estimating ecological soil moisture according to Hofmann 2002 (incl. source code, dynamic linked library).
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visibility 53visibility views 53 download downloads 24 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2010 GermanyKugler, Florian; Hajnsek, Irena; Papathanassiou, Kostas; Krieger, Gerhard; Moreira, Alberto;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type , Other literature type 2019Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Trutnevyte, Evelina; Volken, Sandra; Xexakis, Georgios;The factsheets describe 13 electricity supply alternatives that could contribute to the Swiss electricity mix in 2035: (1) three hydropower types, including large dams, large run-of-river, and small hydropower; (2) five new renewable technologies—solar cells (photovoltaics), wind, deep geothermal, woody biomass, and biogas; (3) nuclear power; (4) waste incineration and large natural gas power; (5) net electricity import from abroad (net on the annual basis); and (6) electricity savings and efficiency improvements to reduce the electricity demand. Each technology, its current status, resource potential, and environmental, health, and economic impacts were described qualitatively and quantitatively. The impacts included climate change (CO2equiv); local air pollution (PM10equiv; SOx and NOx); water, landscape, and land use (m2 of land use); flora and fauna; accidental impacts, resource use, and waste (kWh of nonrenewable energy used for 1 kWh of electricity); electricity costs (rappen (Rp.) per kWh); and electricity supply reliability. The impacts were assessed using data from literature, prioritizing the Swiss-specific data as much as possible and including qualitative explanations for non-experts. The factsheets are accompanied by a glossary and a supplementary overview table that applied a five-color indicator system to reflect the severity of impacts across technologies. The factsheets were developed for an informed citizen panel study in July 2017 in Switzerland, described in the following publication: Volken, S.; Xexakis, G.; Trutnevyte, E. Perspectives of Informed Citizen Panel on Low-Carbon Electricity Portfolios in Switzerland and Longer-Term Evaluation of Informational Materials. Environmental Science & Technology 2018 52 (20), 11478-11489, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01265
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Streitfert, Anita;Since 1750, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm to about 350 ppm today and is expected to reach 540-970 ppm by 2100. The CO2 concentration is known to affect plants directly and indirectly through the influence of global warming. In this dissertation the impact of 50 years of global warming on plant phenology was assessed. The assessment was used to predict future phenological alterations due to global warming. Direct effects of future CO2 levels (20% above ambient) on phenology, anatomy and stomatal resistance to water vapour were also investigated on plants from the Giessen Free Air Carbondioxid Enrichment (Gi-FACE) study. Phenological data of crops, fruit plants and wild plants collected by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst = DWD) on 170 stations in Hessen between 1951 and 2003 have been analysed. The analysis revealed that the development of plants has shifted during the last decades in Hessen. The beginning of the phenological phases advanced by 0,4 to 5,5 days per decade. The spring phases showed the largest trend. However, the advancement of the phenological phases tended to decline during the annual cycle. Responses to global warming such as the length of vegetation period and the leaf senescence (of oak) did show considerable regional variation and sometimes opposite trends in neighbouring areas. While in some areas the vegetation period was longer, in others it was not changed. However, in the area called Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal it became even shorter. A regionalized phenological model for the area 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) during the decade 2041-2050 has been developed, using temperature predictions based on the data from meteorological station Gießen. The simulation proved that global warming will advance the phenological phases of the plants and will lengthen the vegetation period. As a consequence of the advancement of the phenological phases, the risk of late frost damage is likely to be present in the future and presumably will rise for some particular fruit species. Phenology is affected not only by global warming but also by rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Most of the investigated plants of the GiFACE graslandsite showed a shift in flowering in spite of the moderate CO2 enrichment used. In this case advancement and delay occurred. The flowering of Glechoma hederacea and Saxifraga granulata advanced significantly under enhanced CO2 concentration. This indicates that evergreen species benefit from the CO2 enrichment, when it is applied throughout the year, and that they are able to react with advanced development under these conditions. Large differences in the date of flowering from year to year suggest that the CO2 effect is modified by the climatic conditions. The impact of enhanced CO2 concentration on anatomical parameters and the stomatal resistance to water vapour were investigated for six species. Despite the moderate enhancement of CO2 concentration, these attributes did already exhibit a response. However, the reactions were different among the species investigated. The species Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata raised the stomatal resistance mainly through the reduction of the stomata density, while Glechoma hederacea did this through a reduction of the stomatal aperture. Glechoma hederacea showed in general a positive reaction to enhanced CO2 concentration concerning leaf thickness, leaf tissue density and leaf mass per area. In contrast, the responses of the other investigated species did not demonstrate such a consistent pattern. Glechoma hederacea is unique in showing a significant advancement of flowering and a significant enhancement of the stomatal resistance to water vapour under elevated CO2. Because the resulting reduction in transpiration may lead to increased leaf temperatures as well as on the entire canopy level, elevated CO2 might be responsible for phenological changes. Thus, the detected global warming effect is inseparable from the effect that rising CO2 levels have on these species. Die CO2-Konzentration ist seit 1750 von 280 ppm auf heute 375 ppm angestiegen und wird sich bis 2100 weiter auf 540-970 ppm erhöhen. Dieser Anstieg wirkt sich indirekt über die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre als auch direkt auf die Pflanzen aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Auswirkung der Klimaerwärmung in den letzten 50 Jahren und der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung auf die Pflanzenentwicklung sowie die Wirkung von moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen (+20 %) auf die Phänologie, die Anatomie und den Stomatawiderstand von Pflanzen zu untersuchen. Anhand der Auswertung phänologischer Daten landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen, Obstgehölzen und wildwachsenden Pflanzen der Jahre 1951 bis 2003 von 170 Stationen in Hessen konnte gezeigt werden, dass es in diesem Zeitraum zu Verschiebungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung gekommen ist. Der Eintritt phänologischer Phasen verfrühte sich im Mittel zwischen 0,4 bis 5,5 Tage/Dekade. Die Frühjahrsphasen zeigten dabei den stärksten Trend. Im Jahresverlauf nahm die Verfrühung der phänologischen Phasen ab. Regionale Unterschiede und gegensätzliche Trends in benachbarten Naturräumen zeigten sich in der Reaktion der Pflanzen (z.B. Blattseneszenz der Stiel-Eiche), aber auch in der Dauer der Vegetationsperiode. Während sich die Vegetationszeit in manchen Regionen verlängert hat, ist sie in anderen unverändert geblieben. Im Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal hat sie sich sogar verkürzt. Mit Hilfe von Modellen, basierend auf den Temperaturdaten eines Regionalisierungsmodells für die meteorologische Station Gießen, konnte beispielhaft für den Naturraum 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) gezeigt werden, dass es aufgrund der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung in der Dekade von 2041 bis 2050 zu weiteren Verfrühungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung und zur Verlängerung der Vegetationsperiode kommen wird. Die Verfrühung der Frühjahrsphasen hat zur Folge, dass die Gefahr von Spätfrost auch in der Zukunft vorhanden ist und für einige Obstarten wahrscheinlich noch ansteigt. Neben erhöhten Lufttemperaturen beeinflussen jedoch auch erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen die Phänologie. So zeigte die überwiegende Anzahl der untersuchten Pflanzenarten eines Grünlandbestandes - trotz nur moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentration - Verschiebungen im mittleren Blühbeginn, wobei sowohl Verfrühungen als auch Verspätungen auftraten. Eine signifikante Verfrühung unter erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen konnte bei Glechoma hederacea und bei Saxifraga granulata beobachtet werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass immergrüne Arten von der ganzjährigen CO2-Anreicherung profitieren und mit einer schnelleren Entwicklung im Frühling reagieren. Große Unterschiede im Zeitpunkt des Blühbeginns lassen vermuten, dass der CO2-Effekt durch die Witterung modifiziert wird. Die Auswirkungen von erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen auf anatomische Parameter und den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf wurde beispielhaft an sechs Arten untersucht. Dabei reagierten die Pflanzen auf moderat erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen unterschiedlich: Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata erhöhten den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf hauptsächlich durch die Verringerung der Stomatadichte, Glechoma hederacea hingegen überwiegend durch eine Reduzierung der Öffnungsweite der Stomata. Im Bezug auf die Blattdicke, die Blattdichte und den LMA (leaf mass per area) zeigte Glechoma hederacea generell positive Reaktionen auf erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen. Im Gegensatz dazu reagierten die anderen untersuchten Arten unterschiedlich. Als einzige Art zeigte Glechoma hederacea eine signifikante Verfrühung im Blühbeginn einhergehend mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Stomatawiderstandes für Wasserdampf. Verringerungen der Transpiration könnten zu erhöhten Blatt- und Bestandestemperaturen führen und damit Auswirkungen auf die Phänologie haben, so dass Klimaerwärmung und CO2-Effekt nicht trennbar sind.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2023Publisher:Zenodo Schmutz, S.; Jungwirth, M.; Ratschan, C.; Siemens M. V.; Guttmann, S.; Paintner, S.; Unfer, G.; Weiss, S.; Hanfland, S.; Schenekar, T.; Schubert, M.; Brunner, H.; Born, O.; Woschitz, G.; Gum, B.; Friedl, T.; Komposch, C.; Mühlbauer, M.; Honsig-Erlenburg, W.; Hackländer, K.; Haidvogl, G.; Eberstaller, J.; Friedrich, T.; Geist, J.; Gumpinger, C.; Graf, C.; Hofpointner, M.; Honsig-Erlenburg, G.; Latzer, D.; Pinter, K.; Rechberger, A.; Schähle, Z.; Schotzko, N.; Seliger, C.; Sutter, G.; Schröder, W.; Zauner, G.;Originally, the Danube salmon (Hucho hucho) occurred in Bavaria and Austria in more than 250 rivers occupying more than 7,400 km of rivers. Nowadays, populations in »very good« and »good« status exist in only 0.7 % and 7.1 % of the original distribution. Therefore, the Danube salmon is classified as an endangered species. Due to ongoing stock declines the Danube salmon is running the risk to become a critically endangered species soon. The main reasons for the declines are river channelization and hydropower development. In addition, climate change may further contribute to stock declines in lowland river sections due to exceedance of water temperature limits of this cold-water species. Furthermore, Danube salmon and prey fish populations have lost their resilience to cope with re-established populations of fish predators (cormorant, goosander, fish otter) leading to ongoing population declines. Effective protection against further degradations such as new hydropower developments is required to safeguard the Danube salmon remaining populations. Furthermore, degraded rivers need to be restored and fish predators have to be managed to allow recovery of Danube salmon and prey fish populations. Due to the precarious situation conservation and restoration actions have to be implemented immediately.
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visibility 831visibility views 831 download downloads 740 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Thesis 2017Embargo end date: 23 Oct 2018 GermanyPublisher:Universität Tübingen Authors: Lechner, Marian;handle: 10900/85626 , 10900/84458
Botanische Gärten sind Naherholungsräume, Knotenpunkte zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit sowie einzigartige Horte globaler Biodiversität im urbanen Umfeld. Sie besitzen ein außergewöhnlich großes, bislang wenig genutztes Potenzial für die Nachhaltigkeitsbildung. Die vorliegende Studie nutzt den Botanischen Garten München-Nymphenburg als Untersuchungskontext, um sich im Lern- und Handlungsfeld "Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung" (BNE) mit qualitativen Methoden auf das in Deutschland etablierte BNE-Konzept "Gestaltungskompetenz" zu konzentrieren. Hierfür wurde ein Bildungsangebot in Ausstellungsform konzipiert. Es thematisiert exotische, wirtschaftlich bedeutsame Pflanzenarten, welche eine Rolle in Schlüsselthemen nachhaltiger Entwicklung spielen und trägt den Titel ‚Die Frucht der Arbeit – Pflanzennutzung im Spannungsfeld der Globalisierung‘. Zur Kommunikation der Ausstellungsinhalte wurden ProduzentInnen der jeweiligen Pflanzen auf den einzelnen Stationen als ErzählerInnen mit Bildern und Sprechblasentexten abgebildet. Diese ProtagonistInnen in nachhaltigkeits- sowie pflanzenbezogenen Konfliktsituationen sprachen über die dargestellten Inhalte hinweg die GartenbesucherInnen an (etwa als KonsumentInnen). Die Ausstellungswahrnehmung der BesucherInnen wurde in einem dreigliedrigen Evaluationsprozess untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit qualitativen Methoden ausgewertet. Die Studienergebnisse deuten nicht nur auf einen Kompetenzzugewinn durch die Auseinandersetzung der BesucherInnen mit der Ausstellung hin, sondern erweitern die allgemeine Praxistauglichkeit von Gestaltungskompetenz und BNE im Bereich des informellen Lernens. Das erarbeitete didaktische Konzept trägt zu einer Nachhaltigkeitsbildung bei, die über reine Wissensvermittlung hinausgeht, Kompetenzentwicklung sowie Reflexionsprozesse fördert und auch die Handlungspotentiale einer erwachsenen Zielgruppe erweitert. Botanic gardens are local recreational areas that provide the general public with many opportunities to learn about plants and science, but their great potential for sustainability education has rarely been tapped. This study uses the Munich Botanic Garden as a fitting backdrop to contribute to the learning area of ‘Education for Sustainable Development’ (ESD). The thesis focuses on an ESD concept called ‘Shaping Competence’ and implements it in an exhibition that encourages visitors to educate themselves by adopting perspectives they were previously not familiar with. The exhibition, titled “The Fruits of Labor – Crops in the Context of Globalization“, centers on economically significant exotic plants which play a role in the key issues sustainable development has been facing. To highlight these issues in the garden, information boards were put up next to the crops in question. The boards all featured an image of an exemplary producer of the respective crop. Speech bubbles were placed next to these images to make the exhibition’s content more accessible to visitors and address them directly (e.g. as consumers). The author used a three-part evaluation process to study how the visitors perceived the exhibition and then evaluated the results using qualitative methods. The study results suggest that the garden’s visitors have in fact gained in competency by critically engaging with the exhibition. The research contribution has helped expand the field of informal learning within ESD and has addressed the necessity to test didactic approaches to sustainability education which go beyond sheer knowledge transfer, promote both competency development and reflection processes, and expand the capacity of action for adult target audiences.
Eberhard Karls Unive... arrow_drop_down Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Eberhard Karls Unive... arrow_drop_down Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Eberhard Karls University Tübingen: Publication SystemDoctoral thesis . 2018Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2010 GermanyAuthors: Niklaus, Markus; Tum, Markus; Günther, Kurt P.;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017 GermanyPublisher:Floristisch-soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft e.V. (FlorSoz) Authors: Peppler-Lisbach, Cord; Könitz, Natali;doi: 10.14471/2017.37.001
In Borstgrasrasen (Nardetalia) des Werra-Meißner-Gebietes (Nordhessen, Südniedersachsen) wurden 2012 nach 25 Jahren auf möglichst gleichen Untersuchungsflächen (quasi-Dauerflächen) Wiederholungsaufnahmen angefertigt, um den gegenwärtigen Zustand bzw. Veränderungen in diesem prioritären FFH-Lebensraumtyp zu erfassen. Es wurden insgesamt 61 Flächen untersucht. Neben der Artenzusammensetzung wurden auch Bodenparameter (pH, C/N-Verhältnis, Mächtigkeit der organi-schen Auflage) und die Nutzung erfasst. Bei der Wiederholungsaufnahme 2012 waren, abgesehen von einer Aufforstungsfläche, noch auf allen Flächen Arten der Borstgrasrasen vorhanden. Die Flächen wurden 2012 überwiegend genutzt oder gepflegt, während 1986/87 Brachflächen noch bei weitem dominierten. Eine Düngung der Flächen erfolgte nicht. Trotz dieser generell günstigen Nutzungssituation lässt sich ein genereller Trend zur Eutrophierung feststellen, der sich hinsichtlich Artenzahl und Deckung in einer Zunahme von Arten des Wirtschaftsgrünlandes (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Borst-grasrasen-Kennarten äußert. Auch die Artenzahlen der übrigen Magerkeitszeiger nahmen im Mittel ab, während Verbrachungszeiger im Allgemeinen zunahmen. Eine Veränderung der Gesamtartenzahl war nicht festzustellen. Die mittleren Zeigerwerte spiegeln die Verschiebungen im Arteninventar durch erhöhte mittlere Reaktions- und Stickstoffzahlen wider. Strukturell hat in den vergangenen 25 Jahren vor allem eine generelle Zunahme der Moosschichtdeckung und eine Ausbreitung der Sträucher auf Brachflächen stattgefunden. Bei den Bodenparametern waren 2012 eine signifikante Erhöhung der pH-Werte, eine Einengung der C/N-Verhältnisse und eine Abnahme der Mächtigkeit der organischen Auflage (Of) feststellbar. Regressionsmodelle zeigen, dass dabei die Zunahme von Arten des Wirtschaftsgrünlandes direkt mit den ansteigenden pH-Werten zusammen hing, während die Veränderungen bei den Kennarten eher vom Ausgangs-C/N-Verhältnis, teilweise auch von der Entwicklung der organischen Auflage und der Nutzung abhängig waren. Die vorgefundenen Veränderungen werden vor dem Hintergrund möglicher Gefährdungsszenarien (Brache, Eutrophierung, Bodenversauerung, Klimawandel) diskutiert. Angesichts des unerwarteten Befundes einer Eutrophierung bei gleichzeitig nachlassender Bodenversauerung, wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass der seit den 1990er-Jahren erfolgte Rückgang der Schwefeldepositionen mit nachfolgender Erholung der Boden-pH-Werte und nachlassender Stressbelastung, z. B. durch Ammonium-Toxizität, die Veränderungen ausgelöst haben könnte. Außerdem deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine zumindest teilweise zu geringe Nutzungs- bzw. Pflegeintensität bzw. zu späte Nutzungstermine. Möglicherweise führt der erhöhte Eutrophierungsdruck hier auch zu verstärkten Anforderungen an das Management der Flächen. Eindeutige Indizien für klimabedingte Veränderungen im Arteninventar ließen sich nicht finden. Indirekte Effekte über eine erwärmungsbedingte Förderung der Mineralisationsraten oder ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen höheren Wintertemperaturen und der Zunahme der Moosdeckung lassen sich jedoch nicht ausschließen. The present study aimed at assessing the present state and changes of Nardus grassland in the Werra-Meissner region (Central Germany) since the 1980s by resurveying 61 quasi-permanent plots in 2012. We repeated vegetation relevés, measurements of soil parameters (pH, C/N ratio, thickness of organic Of layer) and recorded present management practices. In 2012, Nardus grassland species still occurred in all plots but one, which had been afforested with spruce trees. The bulk of plot sites were managed in 2012 as opposed to 1986/87, when most of the plots had been fallows. No site had been fertilized or manured. Despite these favorable man-agement conditions, we found a general eutrophication signal indicated by a shift in species composition. Abundance and richness of grassland (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) species increased, whereas Nardus grassland species declined both in number and abundance. Species richness of general low-nutrient indicators declined as well, whereas fallow indicators increased. Overall species richness did not change significantly. Increasing mean Ellenberg indicator values for soil reaction and nitrogen reflected these shifts in species composition. Vegetation structure changed with respect to a general increase in bryophyte cover and in shrub cover on fallow plots. Soil parameters showed a general increase in pH and a decrease in both C/N-ratio and Of thickness. Regression models reveal a direct relationship between increase of grassland species and increase of pH values. Nardus grassland species rather responded to initial C/N ratio and changes in Of thickness and management. The changes in species composition and soil parameters are discussed in the light of several sce-narios potentially threatening Nardus grasslands, i.e. fallow, eutrophication, soil acidification and climate change. Considering the unexpected result that eutrophication coincided with decreasing acidification, we hypothesize that a reduction of airborne acidification due to declining sulfur deposition rates since the 1990s is a major driver for species shifts in Nardus grasslands. Soil pH recovery possibly led to stress reduction (e.g. declining risk of ammonium toxicity for grassland species), thus triggering the observed changes. Moreover, the results indicate that management practices were not sufficient to suppress fallow indicators in Nardus grassland. Perhaps, eutrophication poses new challenges for the management of the remaining sites of this high priority habitat type of the EU Habitats Directive. To date, we found no evidence for changes in species composition directly related to climate change. However, indirect effects of global warming, e.g. on mineralization rates or on bryophyte cover, cannot be excluded.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis , Doctoral thesis 2018Embargo end date: 19 Mar 2019 GermanyPublisher:Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt Authors: Meier, Klaus;doi: 10.25673/13592
Die hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen leisten einen Beitrag, notwendige naturschutzfachliche Vorgaben und landwirtschaftliche Nutzungserfordernisse miteinander zu verbinden und zu kalkulieren. Es werden Einschätzungen darüber möglich, wie naturschutzgerechte, landwirtschaftliche Nutzung von Grünland bei Erreichung höchstmöglicher Deckungsbeiträge organisiert werden kann. Als Fallbeispiel diente die Muldeaue der Stadt Dessau-Roßlau (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany). Im Mix verschiedener Nutzungsformen kann eine relative Wirtschaftlichkeit erreicht werden. Eine Nutzung des Grases aus der Muldeaue für die Biogasherstellung ist aber, mit einer nach August 2014 errichteten Biogasanlage (EEG 2014), unrentabel. Da Biogasherstellung eine ideale Möglichkeit ist, landwirtschaftliche- und Naturschutz-Interessen vereinbar zu machen, wäre eine Anpassung der Einspeisevergütung auf Grundlage des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes wünschenswert. The investigations presented in this paper are intended to contribute to calculating and combining natural conservation with statutory agricultural use requirements. It is therefore intended to make it possible to assess the extent to which nature conservation and agricultural use of grassland can be organised to achieve the best possible results. The Muldeaue of Dessau-Roßlau (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) was used as a case study. In the interplay of different utilization forms, a relative profitability can be achieved. But an use of the grass from the Muldeaue for biogas production would be unfeasible, assuming a biogas plant (EEG 2014) was built after August 2014. As biogas production is an ideal way to reconcile agricultural and nature-related interests, an adjustment of the feed-in tariff on the basis of the Renewable Energy Sources Act would be desirable.
Share_it arrow_drop_down Share_itDoctoral thesis . 2018Full-Text: http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/13592Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Share_it arrow_drop_down Share_itDoctoral thesis . 2018Full-Text: http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/13592Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2023 GermanyPublisher:Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau Authors: Gottardo Morandi, Carlo;doi: 10.26204/kluedo/7515
Der Klimawandel erfordert den Ausbau urbaner blau-grüner Infrastrukturen, was jedoch mit einem erheblichen Mehrbedarf an Wasser einhergeht. Zentrale Abwasserinfrastrukturen genügen nicht den Ansprüchen der Ressourceneffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit. Daher ist ein neuer Umgang mit Wasser im städtischen Kontext notwendig. Die getrennte Erfassung von schwach belastetem Grauwasser aus Duschen und Handwaschbecken bietet eine nahezu kontinuierliche, wenig verschmutzte Wasserressource zur Wiederverwendung. Naturnahe Verfahren wie Bodenfilter können zur Grauwasseraufbereitung eingesetzt werden; der hohe Flächenbedarf beschränkte jedoch bisher den Einsatz in dicht besiedelten Gebieten. In dieser Arbeit werden technologiebasierte und konzeptionelle Ansätze vorgestellt. Dabei wurden acht vertikal durchströmte Bodenfilter zur nutzungsorientierten Grauwasseraufbereitung im kleintechnischen und Pilotmaßstab untersucht und zusätzlich ein Excel-basiertes Instrument entwickelt, das die Auswirkungen der Grauwasserseparation auf konventionelle zentrale Kläranlagen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen schwankende Zusammensetzungen und Mengen von Grauwasser. Aufgrund begrenzter Datenverfügbarkeit in der Fachliteratur wird empfohlen, die hier ermittelten 85-Perzentilwerte von 13 g CSB (chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf) pro Einwohner (E) und Tag sowie 55 L/(E·d) für die Bemessung von Anlagen zur Behandlung von gesiebtem, schwach belastetem Grauwasser heranzuziehen. Die ermittelten Stickstofffrachten und -konzentrationen waren aufgrund von Urinkontamination um 60 – 130 % höher als bisher angenommen, während die Phosphorkonzentrationen gesetzlich bedingt um ca. 60 % niedriger lagen. Alle Vertikalfilter wiesen im Ablauf meist < 2,0 mg/l abfiltrierbare Stoffe (AFS) bzw. < 10 mg/l CSB auf (also Eliminationen von überwiegend > 98 % AFS bzw. > 97 % CSB). Der aufgeständerte Rheinsandfilter zeigte bei < 12°C eine eingeschränkte Nitrifikation, während der Lavasandfilter bei > 5°C vollständig nitrifizierte. Die Vertikalfilter entfernten bis zu 50 – 70 % Stickstoff bei Drainageeinstau und Nitratrückführung. Der Lavasandfilter hielt Phosphor weitestgehend zurück. Die Reduktion von Escherichia coli, Enterokokken und Gesamtcoliformen betrug > 3 log-Stufen, während organische Spurenstoffe meist zu > 85 % entfernt wurden. Durch gezielte Anpassungen im Aufbau und Betrieb wurden für verschiedene Nutzungszwecke (Bewässerung, Versickerung und Toilettenspülung) geeignete Qualitäten erreicht. Der erforderliche Flächenbedarf für Bodenfilter zur Behandlung von schwach belastetem Grauwasser wurde zu 0,4 m2/E bestimmt (bezogen auf 85-Perzentilwerte). Dem liegen eine CSB-Flächenbelastung von 32 g/(m2·d) und eine hydraulische Flächenbelastung von 130 L/(m2·d) zugrunde. Die Anwendung von Lavasandfiltern in aufgeständerter Bauweise erwies sich als praxistauglich. Damit wird die Ausweitung des Bodenfilterverfahrens auf den urbanen Raum gefördert. Die Bilanzierungen zeigen, dass die Abtrennung von bis zu 17 % des an die Kläranlage angeschlossenen Grauwassers förderlich für den Kläranlagenbetrieb ist. Bei höheren Abtrennungsraten könnte jedoch eine Stickstoffrückgewinnung/-entfernung aus stickstoffreichen Schlammströmen erforderlich werden. Die Trennung bzw. dezentrale Aufbereitung von Grauwasser hat Vorteile wie Verdunstungskühlung und Wasserwiederverwendung und unterstützt zentral die Transition zu ressourcenorientierten Sanitärsystemen. Insgesamt können betrieblich und baulich angepasste Bodenfilter eine wichtige Rolle in dieser Umstellung spielen und einen deutlichen Beitrag zum nachhaltigen Umgang mit Wasser im städtischen Bereich leisten. Climate change requires the strengthening of urban blue-green infrastructure, which, however, is associated with a significant increase in water demand. Concurrently, centralized wastewater infrastructures are inadequate to meet the criteria for resource efficiency and sustainability, as mixed wastewater discharge persists. Therefore, a new approach to water management is imperative in urban contexts. Source-separation of light greywater, such as from showers and hand wash basins, provides a nearly permanent, low-polluted water resource for reuse. Nature-based solutions like constructed wetlands can be employed for greywater treatment; however, the substantial area requirements have so far limited their implementation in highly urbanized areas. This study presents technology-based and conceptual approaches, involving the investigation of eight vertical-flow constructed wetlands for on-demand greywater treatment at small and pilot scales. Additionally, an Excel-based tool was developed to assess the impact of greywater separation on the operation of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The findings reveal varying compositions and volumes of the investigated greywater. Due to limited data availability in existing literature, it is recommended to utilize the 85th percentiles derived from this study for the design of constructed wetlands treating light greywater, amounting to 13 g COD (chemical oxygen demand) per person (P) and day and 55 L/(P·d). Total nitrogen loads and concentrations were 60 – 130% higher than previously assumed due to urine contamination, while total phosphorus concentrations were about 60% lower due to legal regulations. In all wetland systems investigated, the effluent showed < 2.0 mg/L of total suspended solids and < 10 mg/L of COD, corresponding to eliminations mostly > 98% and > 97%, respectively. The elevated Rhine sand wetland showed limited nitrification at < 12°C, while the lava sand wetland showed complete nitrification at > 5°C. The investigated wetlands removed up to 50 – 70% of nitrogen by impounding the drainage layer and returning nitrate-rich effluent to the wetland surface. The lava sand wetland retained phosphorus extensively. Reduction of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and total coliforms exceeded > 3 log levels, while organic micropollutants were predominantly removed by > 85%. Through adjustments in design and operation, suitable qualities were achieved for different reuses (irrigation, infiltration, and toilet flushing). The necessary surface area requirement for constructed wetlands treating light greywater was determined to be 0.4 m²/P (based on 85th percentile values). This value is derived from a COD surface load of 32 g/(m²·d) and a hydraulic surface load of 130 L/(m²·d). The deployment of elevated lava sand wetlands proved to be viable in practice. Overall, these findings promote the expansion of constructed wetlands to urbanized areas. Mass and volume flow balances indicate that the separation of up to 17% of the greywater connected to the WWTP benefits its operation. However, at higher separation rates, TN recovery/removal from nitrogen-rich sludge streams may be required. The separation/decentralized treatment of greywater offers manifold advantages such as evaporation cooling and water reuse, and significantly supports the transition towards resource-oriented sanitation systems. Adapted constructed wetlands can play an important role in this transformation process and can significantly contribute to a more sustainable water management in urban areas. Schriftenreihe Wasser Infrastruktur Ressourcen; 12
KLUEDO - Publication... arrow_drop_down KLUEDO - Publication Server of University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)Doctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Kaiserslauterer uniweiter elektronischer DokumentenserverDoctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert KLUEDO - Publication... arrow_drop_down KLUEDO - Publication Server of University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)Doctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Kaiserslauterer uniweiter elektronischer DokumentenserverDoctoral thesis . 2023License: CC BY NC NDadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euintegration_instructions Research softwarekeyboard_double_arrow_right Software 2018Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Nickel, Stefan; Schröder, Winfried;{"references": ["Nickel, S; Schr\u00f6der, W (2017): Fuzzy modelling and mapping soil moisture for observed periods and climate scenarios. An alternative for dynamic modelling at the national and regional scale? Annals of Forest Science, 74(4), 71"]} ArcGIS application for estimating ecological soil moisture according to Hofmann 2002 (incl. source code, dynamic linked library).
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2010 GermanyKugler, Florian; Hajnsek, Irena; Papathanassiou, Kostas; Krieger, Gerhard; Moreira, Alberto;add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type , Other literature type 2019Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Trutnevyte, Evelina; Volken, Sandra; Xexakis, Georgios;The factsheets describe 13 electricity supply alternatives that could contribute to the Swiss electricity mix in 2035: (1) three hydropower types, including large dams, large run-of-river, and small hydropower; (2) five new renewable technologies—solar cells (photovoltaics), wind, deep geothermal, woody biomass, and biogas; (3) nuclear power; (4) waste incineration and large natural gas power; (5) net electricity import from abroad (net on the annual basis); and (6) electricity savings and efficiency improvements to reduce the electricity demand. Each technology, its current status, resource potential, and environmental, health, and economic impacts were described qualitatively and quantitatively. The impacts included climate change (CO2equiv); local air pollution (PM10equiv; SOx and NOx); water, landscape, and land use (m2 of land use); flora and fauna; accidental impacts, resource use, and waste (kWh of nonrenewable energy used for 1 kWh of electricity); electricity costs (rappen (Rp.) per kWh); and electricity supply reliability. The impacts were assessed using data from literature, prioritizing the Swiss-specific data as much as possible and including qualitative explanations for non-experts. The factsheets are accompanied by a glossary and a supplementary overview table that applied a five-color indicator system to reflect the severity of impacts across technologies. The factsheets were developed for an informed citizen panel study in July 2017 in Switzerland, described in the following publication: Volken, S.; Xexakis, G.; Trutnevyte, E. Perspectives of Informed Citizen Panel on Low-Carbon Electricity Portfolios in Switzerland and Longer-Term Evaluation of Informational Materials. Environmental Science & Technology 2018 52 (20), 11478-11489, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01265
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