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AbstractThere is close relationship between science & technology inputs and economic growth. Based on the data of science & technology input and economic growth, the paper makes the econometric models analysis on the economic growth and science & technology input of the three major coastal economic regions of China. The paper analyzes and compares the contribution rate of science & technology inputs to economic growth of the three major economic regions.

AbstractThe aim is to develop a catalysed water-based capture process, avoiding the energy intensive steam stripping steps necessary with amine solvents. The naturally occurring zinc metallo-enzyme carbonic anhydrase/hydratase (CAH) can concentrate CO2 using a reversible hydration/dehydration cycle at neutral pH and at ambient temperatures. Some tripodal complexes of zinc (II)–[zinc-itrilo-tris(2-benzimidazoyl-methyl-6-sulfonic acid, (zinc-L1S), and zinc-tris(2-benzimidazoylmethyl)-amine, (zinc-LI)], and also cadmium (II), cobalt (II) and other metals complexed to these tripodal ligands have been prepared, and show activity that mimics the CAH catalytic process–hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate followed by the reverse dehydration of the bicarbonate to regenerate CO2 in a pH dependent mechanism. The thermal stability of these complex catalysts has been demonstrated by Differential Thermo-Gravimetric (DTG) studies to above 200 °C. A process for fast absorption/desorption is proposed.

Abstract One characteristic of railway stations in China is that the entrance hall, ticket office, integrated waiting hall and auxiliary space are all concentrated in a large span of space, forming a unified whole space. However, the multi-function fusion in such a large space results in a series of acoustic problems, such as long reverberation time, high environmental noise and poor language articulation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the acoustic environment of railway stations in China. In this study, the sound field characteristics of the typical railway station are studied to reveal its law of sound propagation. Next, subjective evaluation and objective experiments are carried out to study the acoustic environment and comfort in the waiting hall. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of various influential factors, such as sound source and sound field, this paper advances some suggestions for the acoustical design of high-speed railway stations.

Abstract Nowadays the global demand for energy is growing rapidly in China, which will be the world’s largest country of energy consumption, it is thus highly urgent to conduct the research and development of efficient renewable wave energy equipment, e.g. wave energy converter (WEC). So, this paper aims to numerically develop a new WEC suitable for wave conditions in Zhoushan sea area. The specific research contents include the following aspects: (1) theoretic design by using the floating pendulum to capture the wave energy; (2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation which is based on 3-Dimensional unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Storkes (RANS) equations to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of floating pendulor capturing wave energy. The initial design has been optimized to find the parameters of swing device floating in different output loads of energy capture, and to recognize the conditions of the device for subsequent energy conversion system design.

Abstract The paper presents an equivalent circuit based simulation model for the static and dynamic behavior of lithium-ion battery systems and explains the different steps of the theoretical and experimental modeling process. The equivalent circuit based model describes the voltage-current characteristic, the state of charge behavior and the occurring losses of the battery system. A parameter identification method based on three characteristic experiments, a cycle test, an open circuit voltage test and pulse tests, is introduced. The model parameters are estimated employing a nonlinear optimization method. Furthermore, the experimental test bed for investigation of lithium-ion battery systems is described. The battery model approach is demonstrated and validated for a commercial 5 kWh lithium-ion battery system, including the model validation for test profiles and emulated battery charging and discharging profiles of a real photovoltaic home storage application. The comparison of measured and simulated voltage profiles indicates an excellent performance of the battery model.

Abstract The permeability of the porous media is a critical parameter that could determine the technical and economical feasibility of gas recovery from natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The developed one-dimensional apparatus could be used to measure the permeability of the porous media with or without hydrate. Stable fluid flow rate and differential pressure could be obtained under certain system pressure and temperature. The densities, the grain size distributions, the volume weighted mean diameters and the specific surface areas of different quartz sands. Based on the Darcy’s Law, the water permeability was measured under stable state. The experimental results indicated that the absolute permeability of quartz sand without hydrate was 52.32, 35.52 and 21.10 Darcies. Some of the parameters in the Kozeny-Carman equation, such as the porosity, the internal pore surface area and the total pore volume were measured directly in the laboratory. The shape factor, which was significantly sensitive to the characteristics of the porous media, was evaluated using the statistic methods. Mathematical calculation steps of the shape factor were introduced, during which there was only one adjustable parameter which represented the roughness of the surface of the porous media. This method could be used to investigate the permeability of the porous media in the presence of natural gas hydrate, which is in solid phase. The measurements of the density, the grain size distribution and the specific surface area of the hydrate-bearing quartz sands should under high pressure and low temperature conditions, which are favorable for stable hydrate existence.

Abstract This study presented an experimental investigation on heat transfer performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with and without circular fins. Particular attention has been paid to the effect of injection flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF) on the thermal performance of the heat exchanger. A purposely-designed apparatus was built for experimental observation. Results showed that the application of fins had a great effect on improving phase change heat transfer and the full charging time was significantly reduced. Injection flow rate of HTF was found to have little influence upon the performance of the heat exchanger.

AbstractInternational electricity trade disputes can arise at three key levels: state to state; investor to state; private party to private party. Parties may be more open to submission of their disputes to international arbitration. However, they should make proper arbitration options according to the types of disputes. At the same time, considering the risks facing dispute resolution, it is imperative to specifically design effective tools to mitigate these risks.