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Abstract The rapid economic development of China has been accompanied by the emission of a great number of pollutants, which in turn have caused severe environmental problems. To strengthen environmental management and to establish a pollution source information database covering all key pollution sources and activities, China carried out its first National Census of Pollution Sources (NCPS) in 2007. The survey contents include the basic environmental situation in 2007, the generation levels of the main pollutants at that time, and the amount of pollution actually discharged into the environment after end-of-pipe treatment at all kinds of pollution sources. Based on the first NCPS report for China released in 2011, and taking two typical industry pollutants, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) as examples, we first revised the historical data concerning environmental statistics based on the NCPS documents. Subsequently, we analyzed the overall industrial scale in the change of SO 2 and COD emissions using index decomposition analysis, and then studied the contributions and comparative significance of the “three pollution emission reduction measures” put forward by the Chinese government. The latter are: Engineering Emission Reduction (EER), Structure Emission Reduction (SrER) and Supervision Emission Reduction (SuER). From these analyses, we were able to identify the main driving forces for SO 2 and COD emission reduction in China's industrial system. The results indicate that, with continually increasing pollution pressure caused by rapid economic development, EER and SuER have made the greatest contributions to reducing SO 2 and COD emissions; but SrER has not had an obvious effect. In the future, EER and SuER will gradually have less and less potential and become more challenging, while SrER should be achievable through adjusting the economic structure.

Abstract Nowadays the global demand for energy is growing rapidly in China, which will be the world’s largest country of energy consumption, it is thus highly urgent to conduct the research and development of efficient renewable wave energy equipment, e.g. wave energy converter (WEC). So, this paper aims to numerically develop a new WEC suitable for wave conditions in Zhoushan sea area. The specific research contents include the following aspects: (1) theoretic design by using the floating pendulum to capture the wave energy; (2) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation which is based on 3-Dimensional unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Storkes (RANS) equations to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of floating pendulor capturing wave energy. The initial design has been optimized to find the parameters of swing device floating in different output loads of energy capture, and to recognize the conditions of the device for subsequent energy conversion system design.

An electric and thermal model of the hybrid device consisting of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a thermoelectric generator (TEG) is studied for exploiting the solar full spectrum. Analytical expressions for the power outputs and efficiencies of the DSSC, TEG and hybrid device are derived. Temperature-dependent coefficients of the DSSC are introduced and their values being consistent with the experimental data are determined. The effects of the operating electric current, working temperature and temperature-dependent coefficient in the DSSC on the performance of the hybrid device are discussed in detail. The optimum performance characteristics of the hybrid derive at different temperature conditions and the DSSC at the reference temperature condition are compared. The parametric design criteria of the optimal coupling are given. These results obtained here may provide some guidance for the optimum design of practical hybrid devices.

Aquaponics systems and technologies are growing primary industries in many countries, with high environmental and socio-economic advantages. Aquaponics is a closed-loop system that produces aquatic animals and plants in a new way using recirculated water and nutrients. With a growing world population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, food production sustainability is a primary issue in today’s world agenda, and aquaponics and aquaculture systems can be potential contributors to the challenge. Observing the climate changes and global warming’s impact on the ecosystem, decreasing aqua animal stocks, and responding to increasing demand are turning points in the sustainability era. In the past 15 years, fish production has doubled, thus denoting that aquaponics transforms into commercial scales with a revolutionized production, high efficiency, and fewer resources’ utilization, thus requiring proper operation and management standards and practices. Therefore, this study aims to shape a new framework for sustainable aquaponics modeling and utilization as the all-in-one solution platform covering technical, managerial, socio-economic, institutional, and environmental measures within the suitability requirements. The proposed model in this study offers a systematic approach to the design and implementation of sustainability-efficient aquaponics and aquaculture systems. Through an exhaustive coverage of the topic, this research effort can be counted as a practical reference for researchers, scholars, experts, practitioners, and students in the context of aquaponics and aquaculture studies.

This work was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential for sustainable development of China's shale gas industry. It will contribute to the sustainable development of China's energy and economic. Factors of resource, technology, economy and environment were selected to develop the DPSIR framework evaluation indicators in system for shale gas based on the previous research. Next, The PPFCI (projection pursuit fuzzy clustering model) technique was developed by combining the projection pursuit model with a fuzzy clustering iterative model. So that it can deal with the multi-source, high-dimensional, fuzzy data of the proposed evaluation indicators. And then, the RAGA (accelerated genetic algorithm based on real coding) algorithm was developed to run the PPFCI technique. The results show that core technical capability, investment in projects of prevention of geological disasters, and ecological environment damage indicators were the key factors affecting the sustainability of China's shale gas industry. The potential for sustainable development of China's shale gas industry was relatively low. And it was unbalanced in different provinces. The potential for sustainable development of the southwest region was better than the northwest region. Among them, the development of Sichuan was more stable than Chongqing, with a 99% probability of maintaining a stable and sustainable development state, while Chongqing province has a 15%-20% probability to fluctuate towards the poles.

Energy storage is becoming increasingly important, both to mitigate intermittency in renewable generation and to reduce peak demand. However, storage remains expensive and so must be managed optimally. This paper considers the optimal management of storage that is subject to inefficiency in charging/discharging and to self-discharge, with the objective of minimizing energy costs. Notably, it shows that the less efficient the storage is, the less capacity is required to achieve the maximum peak-shaving benefit.

This paper endeavors to apply a novel intelligent damping controller (NIDC) for the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to reduce the power fluctuations, voltage support and damping in a hybrid power multi-system. In this paper, we discuss the integration of an offshore wind farm (OWF) and a seashore wave power farm (SWPF) via a high-voltage, alternating current (HVAC) electric power transmission line that connects the STATCOM and the 12-bus hybrid power multi-system. The hybrid multi-system consists of a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a micro-turbine generation (MTG). The proposed NIDC consists of a designed proportional–integral–derivative (PID) linear controller, an adaptive critic network and a proposed functional link-based novel recurrent fuzzy neural network (FLNRFNN). Test results show that the proposed controller can achieve better damping characteristics and effectively stabilize the network under unstable conditions.

Abstract In this study, a new type of loop heat pipe (LHP) without compensation chamber is designed and manufactured, meanwhile the liquid line is fitted with a sintered wick to enhance startup and steady operation capacity. Specifically, the thermal characteristics of the LHP are studied experimentally. The results show that the LHP can start up smoothly at any heat load and the highest temperature of LHP does not exceed 90 °C. The fluid at the liquid line is subcooled, which is beneficial for the startup and steady operation of LHP. When the heat load is in range of 10 W to 50 W, the LHP works at variable conductance mode, and the system thermal resistance and the loop thermal resistance both decrease sharply with the increasing heat load. When the heat load is in range of 50 W to 150 W, the LHP enters a constant conductance mode, and the system thermal resistance and the loop thermal resistance remain basically constant. Besides, the steady-state model of LHP used to predict the operating temperature of LHP is established. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data, and the maximum relative error of evaporator, vapor, condenser outlet and liquid line wick inlet temperature are less than 15%.