• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• Open Source close
• Embargo close
• CN close
• AU close
• CA close

Large-scale reforestation can potentially bring both benefits and risks to the water cycle, which needs to be better quantified under future climates to inform reforestation decisions. We identified 477 water-insecure basins worldwide accounting for 44.6% (380.2 Mha) of the global reforestation potential. As many of these basins are in the Asia-Pacific, we used regional coupled land-climate modelling for the period 2041–2070 to reveal that reforestation increases evapotranspiration and precipitation for most water-insecure regions over the Asia-Pacific. This resulted in a statistically significant increase in water yield (p < 0.05) for the Loess Plateau-North China Plain, Yangtze Plain, Southeast China and Irrawaddy regions. Precipitation feedback was influenced by the degree of initial moisture limitation affecting soil moisture response and thus evapotranspiration, as well as precipitation advection from other reforested regions and moisture transport away from the local region. Reforestation also reduces the probability of extremely dry months in most of the water-insecure regions. However, some regions experience non-significant declines in net water yield due to heightened evapotranspiration outstripping increases in precipitation, or declines in soil moisture and advected precipitation. This dataset contains raw data outputs for Teo et al. (2022), Global Change Biology. Please see the published paper for further details on methods. For enquiries, please contact the corresponding authors: hcteo [at] u.nus.edu or lianpinkoh [at] nus.edu.sg.  Shapefiles can be opened with any GIS program such as ArcMap or QGIS. CSV files can be opened with any spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice.

Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) is recognized as an essential climate variable and is one of the primary parameters of ocean-color satellite products. Ocean-color missions have accumulated continuous Chla data for over two decades since the launch of SeaWiFS in 1997. However, the on-orbit life of a single mission is about five to ten years. To build a dataset with a time span long enough to serve as a climate data record (CDR), it is necessary to merge the Chla data from multiple sensors. The European Space Agency has developed two sets of merged Chla products, namely GlobColour and OC-CCI, which have been widely used. Nonetheless, issues remain in the long-term trend analysis of these two datasets because the intermission differences in Chla have not been completely corrected. To obtain more accurate Chla trends in the global and various oceans, we produced a new dataset by merging Chla records from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, Medium-spectral Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, and Ocean and Land Colour Instrument with intermission differences corrected in this work. The fitness of the dataset as a CDR was validated by using in situ Chla and comparing the trend estimates to the multi-annual variability of different satellite Chla records. We are sorry that the data for November 2002 was missing in this upload, and we will fix it in the very next version. If you need it, please kindly contact us at yushujie@sio.org.cn.

Conventional analyses suggest the metabolism of heterotrophs is thermally more sensitive than that of autotrophs, implying that warming leads to pronounced trophodynamic imbalances. However, these analyses inappropriately combine within- and across-taxa trends. We present a novel mathematic framework to separate these, revealing that the higher temperature sensitivity of heterotrophs is mainly caused by within-taxa responses which account for 92% of the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists. This dataset contains both the datasets and R codes of per capita growth rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic protists as well as heterotrophic bacteria and insects. The datasets of per capita growth rates against temperature were compiled from the literature. Experimental data were included if they met the following criteria: at least 3 data points with positive growth rate (µ) and at least 2 unique temperatures at which positive µ were measured. To calculate apparent activation energy, we also removed data points with nonpositive µ and those with temperatures above the optimal growth temperature (defined as the temperature corresponding to the maximal µ). We use the free software R (version 4.2.0) with R packages (foreach, nlme, plyr, dplyr) to analyse these datasets. R codes are also provided.

Project: IPCC Data Distribution Centre : Supplementary data sets for the Sixth Assessment Report - For the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC (AR6) input/source and intermediate datasets underlying the AR6 were collected and long-term archived. This project compliments CMIP6 data subset and snapshot analyzed for the WGI AR6. Summary: This data set contains detailed elements the sea level projections associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. In particular, it contains relative sea level projections that exclude the background term (representing primarily land subsidence or uplift). It includes probability distributions for all the workflows described in AR6 WGI 9.6.3.2. P-boxes derived from these distributions are available in the sister entry 'IPCC-DDC_AR6_Sup_PBox'. These data may be of use for users who want to substitute their own estimates of the background term. Regional projections can also be accessed through the NASA/IPCC Sea Level Projections Tool at https://sealevel.nasa.gov/ipcc-ar6-sea-level-projection-tool. See https://zenodo.org/communities/ipcc-ar6-sea-level-projections for additional related data sets.

Transmitted solar irradiance was measured using an ACC (Advanced-Cosine-Collector) RAMSES hyper-spectral radiometer (TriOS) mounted on the ROV during the ARTofMELT2023 expedition in May and June 2023 and normalized by the incident solar irradiance as measured using an ACC RAMSES hyper-spectral radiometer (TriOS) installed on-board the ship. All times are given in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).

Aim Despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the impacts of climate change on boreal species, the main factors that will drive changes in species assemblages remain ambiguous. We study how species community composition would change following anthropogenic and natural disturbances. We determine the main drivers of assemblage dissimilarity for bird and beetle communities. Location Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada. Methods We quantify two climate-induced pathways based on direct and indirect effects on species occurrence under different harvest management scenarios. The direct climate effects illustrate the impact of climate variables while the indirect effects are reflected through habitat-based climate change. We develop empirical models to predict the distribution of more than 100 species over the next century. We analyze the regional and the latitudinal species assemblage dissimilarity by decomposing it into 'balanced variation in species occupancy and occurrence' and 'occupancy and occurrence gradient'. Results Both pathways increased dissimilarity in species assemblage. At the regional scale, both effects have an impact on decreasing the number of winning species. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects (a mixture of direct and indirect effects). Regional assemblage dissimilarity reached 0.77 and 0.69 under mixed effects versus 0.09 and 0.10 under indirect effects for beetles and birds, respectively, between RCP8.5 and baseline climate scenarios when considering harvesting. Latitudinally, assemblage dissimilarity increased following the climate conditions pattern. Main conclusions The two pathways are complementary and alter biodiversity, mainly caused by species turnover. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects. Therefore, the inclusion of climatic variables considers aspects other than just those related to forest landscapes, such as life cycles of animal species. Moreover, we expect differences in occupancy between the two studied taxa. This could indicate the potential range of change in boreal species concerning novel environmental conditions.

Project: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets - These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6). CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. Summary: These data include the subset used by IPCC AR6 WGI authors of the datasets originally published in ESGF for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NUIST.NESM3.amip' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'. The NUIST ESM v3 climate model, released in 2016, includes the following components: atmos: ECHAM v6.3 (T63; 192 x 96 longitude/latitude; 47 levels; top level 1 Pa), land: JSBACH v3.1, ocean: NEMO v3.4 (NEMO v3.4, tripolar primarily 1deg; 384 x 362 longitude/latitude; 46 levels; top grid cell 0-6 m), seaIce: CICE4.1. The model was run by the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China (NUIST) in native nominal resolutions: atmos: 250 km, land: 2.5 km, ocean: 100 km, seaIce: 100 km.

Files for the manuscript “Radiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Soils and Fast Cycling of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem” 1. “Raw_Data” folder contains the files in .xlsx: - Lab_Atmospheric_Samples: D14C results from ambient air at the sampled heights. - Lab_Soil_Respiration: D14C results with date and integration time for the FFSR sampling campaign. - Lab_Solid_Samples: D14C and TOC results for soil, vegetation, roots, fungi and incubation samples.

Climate change affects species' spatio-temporal distribution deeply. However, how climate affects the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of related species on the large scale remains largely unclear. Here, we selected two closely related species in the Taxus genus, Taxus chinensis and Taxus mairei, to explore their distribution pattern. Four environmental variables were employed to simulate the distribution patterns using the optimized Maxent model. The results showed that the highly suitable area of T. chinensis and T. mairei in the current period was 1.616 × 105 km2 and 3.093 × 105 km2, respectively. The distribution area of T. chinensis was smaller than that of T. mairei in different periods. Comparison of different periods shows that the distribution area of the two species was almost in stasis from LIG to the future periods. Temperature and precipitation were the main climate factors that determined the potential distribution of the two species. The centroids of T. chinensis and T. mairei were in Sichuan and Hunan provinces in current period, respectively. In the future, the centroid migration direction of the two species would shift towards the northeast. Our results revealed that the average elevation distribution of T. chinensis was higher than that of T. mairei. This study sheds new insights into the habitat preference and limiting environmental factors of the two related species and provides a valuable reference for the conservation of these two threatened species.