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RESUMO Neste trabalho, é feita a análise da eficiência de produção de uma serraria de pequeno porte, localizada no estado de São Paulo, utilizando como ferramentas a “análise de fluxo de massa” e “análise de fluxo de energia”. O objetivo foi avaliar a linha de produção e comparar as ferramentas utilizadas em função dos resultados obtidos e aplicabilidade. Concluiu-se que o “lay out” de disposição dos maquinários deve ser alterado e deve-se utilizar um melhor planejamento do gabarito de corte para que o sistema se torne viável em função da baixa eficiência com grande porcentagem de perda e uso inadequado dos equipamentos e matéria-prima. As ferramentas forneceram resultados similares e por causa da aplicabilidade, propõe-se a utilização da “análise de fluxo de massa” para avaliação de comportamento produtivo de serrarias. ; ABSTRACT This is the analysis of the efficiency of production of one small sawmill, located in São Paulo, using as an instrument of study the “Mass and Energy Flow”, available in the production line. It was concluded that the disposal of the machines should be modified, and that the inclusion of a process of planning of cut design is necessary so that the system becomes viable, since the current configuration presents low income with great percentage of loss and inadequate use of equipment and raw material. Concerning the tools, similar results were found and because of its ease of utilization the “mass and flow” is recommended to the sawmill pattern evaluation.

Resumo: O aproveitamento energético do biogás de aterros sanitários é uma alternativa sustentável para a disposição final de gases residuais. A estimativa teórica da produção desse biogás torna-se uma ferramenta muito útil para a avaliação de viabilidade e dimensionamento de sistemas de coleta de gás. Os modelos de geração de biogás de aterro mais utilizados atualmente são os baseados em equações de decaimento de primeira ordem. Os modelos LandGEM e IPCC foram utilizados neste trabalho para a estimativa da geração de gases no aterro municipal de Guarapuava (PR, Brasil), onde os principais parâmetros foram escolhidos com base nos dados frequentemente aplicados para cada modelo: valores default sugeridos para as condições locais específicas, para a aplicação do software LandGEM; e cálculo do potencial de geração de metano (L0) a partir da análise gravimétrica dos resíduos, para a aplicação da equação sugerida pelo IPCC. Estimou-se uma produção total de biogás de 44.466.711 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando LandGEM e 60.080.906 Nm3.ano-1 aplicando IPCC, onde os picos de produção foram observados nos anos de 2021 e 2020, respectivamente. A escolha do modelo mais adequado dependerá dos dados disponíveis e, para maior aproximação de resultados reais, os parâmetros adotados devem ser analisados com cautela, considerando as diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais de cada caso. ; Abstract: The energetic use of landfill biogas is a sustainable alternative for the final disposal of waste gases. The theoretical estimation of the production of this biogas becomes a very useful tool for evaluating the feasibility and design of gas collection systems sizing. The most widely used landfill biogas generation models are those based on first-order-decay equations. LandGEM and IPCC models were used in this work to estimate the generation of gases in the municipal landfill of Guarapuava (PR), and the main parameters were chosen based on the frequently applied data for each model: default values suggested for the specific local conditions,for the application of LandGEM software; and calculating the methane generation potential (L0) from the gravimetric analysis of the residues, for the application of the equation suggested by the IPCC. A total biogas production of 44,466,711 Nm³.ano-1 was estimated by applying LandGEM and 60,080,906 Nm³.ano-1 using IPCC, whose production peaks were observed in the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. The choice of the most appropriate model will depend on the available data and, for better approximation to real results, the parameters adopted should be analyzed with caution, considering the difference in climatic and operational conditions of each case.

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura de correlação do volume de biogás gerado com as variáveis físico-químicas umidade, pH, alcalinidade, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e sólidos totais voláteis (STV), mediante uma análise de componentes principais (ACP). As repetições de cada tratamento, tanto para o inóculo quanto para o substrato, foram submetidas à análise de correlação de Pearson para se determinar se poderiam ser tratadas como réplicas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 92 unidades amostrais (número de medições diárias referentes à produção de biogás). A produção de biogás dos dois tratamentos (inóculo e substrato) foi avaliada durante 91 dias e entre os tratamentos mediante uma análise de variância (ANOVA). Os tratamentos foram aninhados dentro do tempo, constituindo uma ANOVA com delineamento hierarquizado, com 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que a geração de biogás estava mais relacionada com o pH, seguido dos STV, umidade e DQO. A soma da ACP 1 e 2 explicou 98% dos dados de produção de biogás. ; Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation structure of the biogas volume generated with the physical and chemical variables moisture, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total volatile solids (STV), through a principal component analysis (PCA). The replicates of each treatment, for both the inoculum and for the substrate were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis to determine if they could be treated as replicas. To this end, we used 92 sampling units (number of daily measurements on the production of biogas). The biogas production of the two treatments (inoculum and substrate) was evaluated for 91 days and between treatments using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The treatments were nested within time, constituting an ANOVA with hierarchical design, with 5% significance. The results showed that the generation of biogas was more related to the pH, followed by STV, moisture and COD. The sum of the ACP 1 and 2 explained 98% of the biogas production data.

Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de parâmetros físico-químicos na previsão de geração de biogás a partir da co-digestão da fração orgânica de resíduos sólidos urbanos (FORSU) inoculados com dejeto suíno nas proporções 1 gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo e 3gsv resíduo:1 gsv inóculo. Todos os tratamentos foram conduzidos em modo batelada e temperatura constante (32ºC) por 50 dias. Os parâmetros monitorados foram umidade, sólidos totais voláteis (STV) e pH e permitiram avaliar a influência de cada um no processo e sua ação conjunta na condução da biodigestão e consequente geração de biogás. A análise dos parâmetros fisicoquímicos indicou condições favoráveis ao processo de biodigestão. ; Abstract: The present work focused on evaluating the influence of physical-chemical parameters in the forecast of biogas generation from codigestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) codigested with swine manure at 1 gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum and 3gvs waste:1 gvs inoculum ratios. All treatments evaluated were carried out in batch mode and constant temperature (32ºC) for 50 days. Moisture content, volatile solids and pH parameters have been evaluated and allowed to determinate the influence of each one in the process of biodigestion and its influence in biogas generation. The physical-chemical analysis pointed out suitable conditions to biodigestion process. Keywords: Animal manure. Biogas. Codigestion.

Biofuel production has been greatly discussed in Brazil. In 2004, these debates led the country to develop new policies and implement a national program for biodiesel use and production (PNPB) with the intent to increase the share of renewable energy and foster regional development. In this context, the present study aims to assess the impacts of PNPB on regional development in Tocantins State, northern Brazil. For this purpose, ranges of socio-economic indicators were collected among national and regional stakeholders, as well as specific literature. The preliminary results point out that distribution logistics appears to be a considerable constraint to the success of the PNPB. The concentration of biodiesel industries in the central-west region of the country, and the large distances to deliver biodiesel in the northern Brazil make biodiesel prices non-competitive when compared to fossil diesel. The results also suggest that the PNPB is not succeeding in promoting the integration of family agriculture in the Tocantins state, especially due to the structural difficulty of the agricultural sector, as well as the technical and political shortcomings presented by the mechanism of incentives.

Al2O3-SiO2 sol-gel coatings of different compositions have been deposited on 316L stainless steel by dip-coating from a sonocatalyzed sol made by the mixture of Al(OC4H9)3 e Si(OC2H5)4 as precursors and ethanol and acetic acid as solvents. The coatings were densified at 600, 800 and 1000°C and characterized by X-rays diffraction. The influence of the coatings on the corrosion behavior of the substrate was tested in 3% NaCl by potentiodynamic polarization curves at 1 mV s(-1). The electrochemical results showed that the films densified at 800 and 1000°C have a better electrochemical behavior than the films densified at 600°C. An increase in the aluminium content improves the behavior of the coatings. -

This paper is a synthesis of the development of energy contracting simulator in Portugal "ARS Simulator". The simulator compares the prices of the energy traders and indicates to consumers the best option to contract energy. To make the comparison, the simulator uses trader���s data (energy prices) and the consumer���s data (energy bill, threephase or single-phase power supply and equipment's), to estimate its consumption and finally determine which trader will be the best choice. Neutro �� Terra, N.�� 21 (2018): Revista T��cnico-Cient��fica (Primeiro Semestre)

Brazil is highly exposed to climate change risks. The impacts of global climate change risks and local practices on the Amazon and Cerrado biomes are of particular concern, as they provide vital ecosystem services to Brazil, the South American region, and the world. The Brazil Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines the implications of climate change and climate action for Brazil's development objectives and priorities. It identifies opportunities for Brazil to achieve both its development goals and its climate commitments. It lays out a combination of sectoral and economy-wide policy reforms, as well as targeted investments in near- and medium-term mitigation and adaptation measures to achieve more rapid and inclusive development with lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The idea is to maximize synergies between climate and development objectives, while addressing trade-offs among policy objectives and key transition challenges.

Mode of access: Internet.

Mode of access: Internet.