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Purpose: The study tests conventional and behavioral pricing multifactor impact on price fragility from the equity market of Pakistan.Methodology: The positivist approach is used to deduct study rationale via probability sampling. At the same time, systematic sampling for data collection of PSX is tested in parallel to mean-variance random walk theory.Findings: The impact of conventional factors is significant on price fragility in the short run and vice versa in the long run. Specifically, herd behavior and disposition effects are found to be insignificant. But size, value, illiquidity, and price earning had a significant impact on price fragility in the short run.Limitations: The current research has not covered the desired scope of the topic due to time limitations, lack of harmony in corporate data on databases, and literature on price fragility being very scarce.Implication: In PSX, there is a need to develop a corporate culture to promote the standard modern financial practice to enhance financial productivity and sustainability. For corporate culture to be established, corporate governance boards should be established, and family governance systems should be replaced by an independent democratic board. Mispricing and arbitragers need serious control.Originality: The value of the research is that little research currently exists on about pricing multifactor impact on price fragility.

In the last few years, a great number of methods for identifying the load model parameters have been proposed. This article discusses the use of statistical approach to estimate the substation equivalent load model parameters for supplying to oil-producing industrial region. The disadvantages of existing statistical approach are the low accuracy obtained for the parameter estimates, especially when using samples size is small. To eliminate this deficiency, the current measurement data archive from SCADA system of electrical parameters for 15 months was collected. For the purpose of verifying the obtained results of statistical processing of SCADA data, a full-scale experiment was carried out in relation to the studied substation. The article describes the statistical method used to process the current SCADA measurement data, the results of archived statistical processing and experimental SCADA data. The electrical load models’ parameters received from the experimental studies results are of practical importance.

The mass attenuation coefficient μm for eight rock samples having different chemical composition was simulated using the MCNP 5 code in energy range (0.002MeV≤E≤10MeV). Moreover, the μm for the studied rock samples was computed theoretically using XCOM database. The comparison between simulated and computed data for all selected rock samples showed a good agreement with differences varied between 0.01 and 8%. The highest μm was found for basalt rocks M2 and M1 and the lowest one is reported for limestone rocks Dike. The simulated values of the μm then were used to calculate other important shielding parameters such as the mean free path, effective electron density and effective atomic number. The exposure buildup factor EBF was also computed for the selected rocks with the contribution of G-P fitting parameters and the highest EBF attended by the basalt sample Sill and varied between 1.022 and 744 in the energy range between (0.015≤E≤15MeV) but the lowest EBF achieved by basalt sample M2 and varied between 1.017 and 491 in the same energy range. Keywords: Gamma ray, Shielding properties, Natural rocks, MCNP, Buildup factor

Abstract The ordinary method of melt quenching was utilized to manufacture 55B2O3– 30Pb3O4-(15 - x) Al2O3- xFe2O3, glasses where x: (0≤x ≤ 5). The amorphous state of this system was investigated using X-ray diffraction. The structure of each sample was examined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). As Fe2O3 levels increased, FTIR revealed that connectivity increased, and the FT-IR spectral shifts to higher wavenumbers. The MCNP5 code was utilized to simulate the fabricated glasses' radiation protection parameters. The highest mass attenuation coefficient (μm) values were observed at 0.015 MeV, varied between 80.67 and 80.918 cm2/g with increasing the Fe2O3 concentration between 0 and 5 mol%, respectively. Moreover, the lowest μm values achieved glass without Fe2O3 content, reduced from 80.67 to 0.0457 cm2/g between 0.015 and 15 MeV. The effective and equivalent atomic numbers, as well as the buildup factors, were calculated using the BXCOM.

According to predicted changes in climate, waterlogging events may occur more frequently in the future during autumn and winter at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. If excess soil water coincides with the process of cold acclimation for plants, winter survival may potentially be affected. The effects of waterlogging during cold acclimation on stomatal aperture, relative water content, photochemical activity of photosystem II, freezing tolerance and plant regrowth after freezing were compared for two prehardened overwintering forage grasses, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. The experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that changes in photochemical activity initiated by waterlogging-triggered modifications in the stomatal aperture contribute to changes in freezing tolerance. Principal component analysis showed that waterlogging activated different adaptive strategies in the two species studied. The increased freezing tolerance of F. pratensis was associated with increased photochemical activity connected with stomatal opening, whereas freezing tolerance of L. perenne was associated with a decrease in stomatal aperture. In conclusion, waterlogging-triggered stomatal behavior contributed to the efficiency of the cold acclimation process in L. perenne and F. pratensis.