• Energy Research
• chemical engineering close
• 11. Sustainability close
• CN close

To reduce fine particulate matter emission from coal burning sources especially fossil fuel fired energy generation facility is critical to improve air quality. Attapulgite suspension was attempted to spray in a 6 kW fluidized bed facility and reduce fine particulate matter emission during coal combustion. The key parameters such as attapulgite mass, flowrate and spraying zone were investigated to determine the optimal and critical conditions that influence fine particulate matter emission. Exciting results indicate that both fine particle number and mass concentrations are largely decreased due to the physical/chemical absorption with the suitable mass ratio of 3 wt%. The spray of attapulgite suspension in both dense bed and dilute bed effectively mitigates fine particle emission based on the agglomeration and absorption. The most excellent result is achieved at a flowrate of 38 ml/min in dense bed with particle number reduction up to 93.5% in PM2.5 (fine particles is equal to/less than 2.5 μm), 93.6% in PM1.0 (fine particles is equal to/less than 1.0 μm) and 93.7% in PM0.1 (fine particles is equal to/less than 0.1 μm), respectively. The work highlights the potential of spraying attapulgite suspension as an effective process to reduce fine particle emission during coal combustion in fluidized bed system.

The blending of hydrogen gas into natural gas pipelines is an effective way of achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Due to the large differences in the calorific values of natural gas from different sources, the calorific value of natural gas after mixing with hydrogen may not meet the quality requirements of natural gas, and the quality of natural gas entering long-distance natural gas and urban gas pipelines also has different requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of multiple gas sources and different pipe network types on the differences in the calorific values of natural gas following hydrogen admixing. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the quality requirements and proportions of hydrogen-mixed gas in natural gas pipelines at home and abroad, and systematically determined the quality requirements for natural gas entering both long-distance natural gas and urban gas pipelines in combination with national standards. Taking the real calorific values of the gas supply cycle of seven atmospheric sources as an example, the calorific and Wobbe Index values for different hydrogen admixture ratios in a one-year cycle were calculated. The results showed that under the requirement of natural gas interchangeability, there were great differences in the proportions of natural gas mixed with hydrogen from different gas sources. When determining the proportion of hydrogen mixed with natural gas, both the factors of different gas sources and the factors of the gas supply cycle should be considered.

Abstract The large-scale adoption of wood as a construction material for tall buildings could pave the way for sustainable construction. Its adoption, however, is hindered by a limited understanding of wood's behaviour in a fire. In particular, the effect of oxygen and heat flux on the burning (including pyrolysis) and ignition behaviour of wood is poorly understood. We addressed this gap by studying the effect of oxygen concentration and heat flux on the burning and ignition behaviour of particleboard experimentally and computationally. Particleboard was chosen as a proxy for all woody construction materials. We conducted over 60 experiments in an FPA on samples of particleboard spanning different oxygen concentrations (0–21%), heat fluxes (10–70 kW/m2), sample densities (600–800 kg/m2), and sample thicknesses (6–25 mm). Only the heat flux and oxygen concentration significantly affected the charring rate, time-to-flaming ignition, and burning mode (pyrolysis, smouldering, flaming). To explore this effect further, we used a multi-physics model of particleboard charring developed in Gpyro. Combining the computational and experimental results, we showed that particleboard undergoes only pyrolysis in oxygen concentrations below 4%, smouldering between 4 and 15%, and flaming above 15% at a heat flux of 30 kW/m2. These oxygen concentration thresholds were found to decrease as the heat flux increases. We also showed that smouldering and flaming increases the charring rate by 25 and 37%, respectively. This means that the rate of loss of a section of structural wood, quantified by the charring rate, in a fire due to smouldering is similar to that of flaming combustion. In addition, we noted the existence of a triple point for the ignition of wood at which a slight change in environmental conditions can lead to either smouldering, flaming, or only pyrolysis. In summary, this paper quantified for the first time the contributions of the three modes of burning to the charring rate of wood and highlights the importance of smouldering for timber construction.

Abstract Conforming to the development of the carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China, it has the necessity and possibility of launching several large-scale CCUS demonstration projects. The Ordos Basin is one of the greatest opportunity target areas for CCUS demonstration opportunities in China. As facing severe water shortage, carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a helpless option in the coming large-scale development process of Yanchang Oilfield, the Ordos Basin, China. As a shining model of the CCUS, the CO2-EOR is attracting much more attention in China than before. However, the leakage risk of sequestered CO2 drives the necessity in monitoring of the CCUS process in practice. The aim of our research is to develop an integrated monitoring scheme and to identify related key monitoring indicators for CO2-EOR Demonstration Project at Yanchang Oilfield. In this paper, the detailed monitoring plan was tailored for the Jingbian CO2-EOR Block at the Yanchang Oilfield according to the existing situation of monitoring technologies and project planning in China. The principles and suggestion was finally proposed for the selection of key monitoring indicators for a long-term CO2-EOR activity in the Ordos Basin.

Abstract This study introduces the survey on the public acceptance of the 2 million tons/year CO2 capture, transportation, oil displacement and storage project of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield. The survey results show that the public acceptance of carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) project is very high. At the same time, the survey found that the higher the level of education, the higher the level of understanding of CO2 capture, transportation, oil displacement and storage technology, but the more opposed to the scenario assumption that "CO2 transmission pipeline and storage site are near their own residential area". The result of low education level is just the opposite. It is speculated that the main reason for this phenomenon is that there is no risk case in large-scale CCUS project, and the degree of risk of CCUS technology is still in the stage of research and demonstration. According to the research conclusions, the study puts forward some measures for public publicity of CCUS, including display board publicity, face-to-face dialogue, model exhibition, short film screening, etc., to help people of different cultural levels quickly understand CCUS technology and improve the public acceptance of CCUS project.

AbstractTaking river network of West River and North River as the research area, one-dimensional heavy metal model was developed, and its parameters are calibrated by the measured data. According to the designed data of cadmium pollution emergency scenario, the cadmium transport and transformation process in river network were simulated by the model. The health risk assessment method was developed to assess the health hazards caused by the pollution emergency. The research revealed that the carcinogenesis risk caused by the pollution emergency in Foshan city is still acceptable in the current situation. The hazard of acute intoxication is much higher than that of chronic carcinogenesis, and the increase of pollution emergency frequency contributes to the augment of carcinogenesis risk. Therefore, water intake and water use actions from the 50km long reach downward the accident place should be forbidden during the accident.

Abstract Nowadays, the leakage model of low-pressure natural gas pipeline under the atmospheric environment has been established with the leak rate decrease with time. The Fluent software is used to simulate the concentration distribution and velocity distribution of gas among buildings at different time after the leakage, the influence of aspect ratio, distance between buildings is considered to maximally simulate the impact of external environment on natural gas leakage and diffusion. Finally we obtained the diffusion trend and concentration distribution under different conditions of gas leakage, so that rescue workers can acquire the transport status and influence of leaked gas in blocks in a short time, and provide a theory foundation for accident rescue.

AbstractPresented is an overview of the CO2QUEST project that addresses fundamentally important issues regarding the impact of typical impurities in the gas or dense phase CO2 stream captured from fossil fuel power plants on its safe and economic transportation and storage. Previous studies have mainly investigated the impact of CO2 stream impurities on each part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain in isolation. This is a significant drawback given the different sensitivities of pipeline, wellbore materials and storage sites to the various impurities. The project brings together leading researchers and stakeholders, to address the impact of the typical impurities upon safe and economic CO2 transportation and storage. State-of-the-art mathematical models, backed by laboratory and industrial-scale experimentation, are implemented to perform a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of the impact of impurities upon the thermo-physical phenomena governing pipeline and storage-site integrities.