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Abstract Raw cement ash deposition in SP boilers gives rise to serious operation problems. In the present, mechanism of raw cement ash deposition is still unclear because the ash components, gas atmosphere and gas temperature are quite different from existing studies. The characteristics of cohesiveness of raw cement ash in moderate temperature were investigated in a lab-scale electric furnace. Three typical raw cement ashes were selected as samples, three base plates, including rough steel plate, smooth steel plate, organic glass plate were studied. Ball-impacting method was adopted to evaluate the cohesiveness of ash. Experimental results show that, the ash cohesiveness is mainly dependent on the components of ash, and the material property of base plate, while it exhibits little relationship with the roughness of the plate surface. Low-melting substances appear during ash deposition on steel plate. The results reveal that ferrum possibly has catalytic to some low-melting substances forming.

AbstractBased on the differences of operation characters between ATC service and manufacturing industry, this paper researched the implication of safety services capability of ATC service by combining the latest implication of process capability and safety. And this paper established the elemental composition system made of safety services capability of ATC service, which is composed of 4 second-level elements and 15 third-level index. The 4 second-level index includes personnel capability, equipment capability, environmental capability and management capability. Considering the fuzziness of each index, the value of services capability of ATC service was confirmed by fuzzymatter- element analysis method and entropy weighting method. With evaluating ATC service of ATM division by this safety services capability model, it was indicated that this ATM division possessed strong safety services capability, personnel capability. Equipment capability was stronger than environment capability. It was conformed to the fact. The evidences showed that this safety services capability model for ATC service is practical, feasible, and conformed to the level of actual safety services capability of ATC service.

Abstract To address wind power curtailment by the mechanism of “ordering power by heat”, integrated community energy system (ICES) is firstly established based on a major breakthrough in large-scale centralized power supply; then, a day-ahead scheduling optimization model for ICES is built by quantum-behaved particle swarm algorithm, and the rigid coupling between heating network and power grid is improved by adjusting CHP output; finally, the influences of energy storage devices and energy interactions on CHP output are analyzed in a typical case, and the improved wind power accommodation capability is obtained to verify the correctness and practicability.

AbstractFree cooling is one of the most potential ways of reducing the energy consumption of data centers. Thermosyphon has superior heat transferability thus it is suitable for application in free cooling. However, a separate thermosyphon free cooling system usually cannot provide sufficient cooling capacity in warm seasons. In order to overcome this weakness and avoid two sets of equipment, hybrid system of thermosyphon free cooling and vapor compression refrigeration for data centers has been developed by researchers. The cooling performance of this kind of system depends greatly on the climate outside therefore its applicability in different time and zones needs to be studied. In this paper, the climate data from five cities of different climate zones in China is collected. The performance model of the hybrid system is built up. Based on the climate data and performance model, the annual energy consumption is then calculated and compared with traditional air conditioner. The result shows that the energy-saving potential of the hybrid system varies in different climate zones, and when the mode switching temperature is relatively high, it is distinct in most climate zones of China.

Solar concepts show potentially an improved cost-performance (energy) ratio when applied as the integrated parts of building renovations. This paper reported a compact solar thermal facade (STF) module with the internally extruded flow channel suiting for solar renovation concept in buildings. A few of impact factors were considered for the parametric study in order to optimize the STF's configuration for various applications through the validated simulation model. The overall research results are expected to be useful for further improvement in the thermal performance of solar renovation measures.

“Off-the-shelf” devices have attracted much consideration lately, especially in emulsions production in droplet-based microfluidics. While many simple and cost-effective designs have been proposed and demonstrated, the functionability of these purported simple devices has been questioned, especially in emulsions generation for commercial scale. In this work, a simple needle-based device was used in the production of functional core-shell microcapsules of uniform sizes, typically in the range of 600 to 720 µm, and shell thickness of 20 to 110 µm, and C.V of 0.97 to 3.0%. These core-shell microcapsules are a new form of carbon capture materials, with carbon solvent encapsulated in thin polymeric shell. The microcapsules synthesized were subjected to absorption-desorption tests. This work has successfully demonstrated the use of off-the-shelf microdevice and its reliability for the production of functional microcapsules.

Abstract Power retailers can formulate purchase strategies to participate in market competition according to different objectives in the increasingly open environment of the power market. This paper analyzed the influence of their purchasing behavior on the market clearing, formulated a purchase strategy based on full power clearing and a purchase strategy based on the lowest own cost respectively. The purchase strategy based on the non-cooperative game for power retailers is proposed through the simulation of the clearing of ISO (Independent System Operator) on the basic of knowing the information prepared by the adversary. Finally, the game process is elaborated and an example of the purchase strategy is analyzed.