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    Productividad del agua (producción primaria, pp en gCarbon.m-2.day-1 a 4 km de resolución): La producción primaria representa la cantidad de carbono orgánico producido a través de la fotosíntesis del fitoplancton. Es un elemento crítico del presupuesto de carbono de la Tierra y de la red alimentaria marina. La producción primaria integrada en profundidad se modela a partir de la concentración de biomasa de fitoplancton basada en satélites y el PAR. Waterproductiviteit (primaire productie, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 bij een resolutie van 4 km): De primaire productie vertegenwoordigt de hoeveelheid organische koolstof die wordt geproduceerd door middel van fytoplanktonfotosynthese. Het is een cruciaal element van het koolstofbudget van de aarde en het mariene voedselweb. De diepgeïntegreerde primaire productie wordt gemodelleerd van de satellietgebaseerde fytoplanktonbiomassaconcentratie en PAR. Il-produttività tal-ilma (produzzjoni primarja, pp f’gCarbon.m-2.day-1 b’riżoluzzjoni ta’ 4 km): Il-produzzjoni primarja tirrappreżenta l-ammont ta’ karbonju organiku prodott permezz tal-fotosinteżi tal-fitoplankton. Huwa element kritiku tal-baġit tal-karbonju tad-Dinja u tax-xibka tal-ikel tal-baħar. Il-produzzjoni primarja integrata fil-fond hija mmudellata mill-konċentrazzjoni tal-bijomassa tal-fitoplankton ibbażata fuq is-satellita u PAR. Productivité de l’eau (production primaire, pp dans gCarbon.m-2.day-1 à une résolution de 4 km): La production primaire représente la quantité de carbone organique produite par la photosynthèse phytoplancton. C’est un élément essentiel du budget carbone de la Terre et du réseau alimentaire marin. La production primaire intégrée en profondeur est modélisée à partir de la concentration de biomasse du phytoplancton par satellite et du PAR. Производителност на водата (първично производство, pp в gCarbon.m-2.day-1 при разделителна способност 4 km): Първичното производство представлява количеството органичен въглерод, произведен чрез фотосинтеза на фитопланктона. Това е критичен елемент от въглеродния бюджет на Земята и морската хранителна мрежа. Дълбочинно интегрирано първично производство е моделирано от сателитната концентрация на фитопланктоновата биомаса и PAR. Παραγωγικότητα του νερού (πρωτογενής παραγωγή, pp σε gCarbon.m-2.ημέρα-1 σε ανάλυση 4 km): Η πρωτογενής παραγωγή αντιπροσωπεύει την ποσότητα οργανικού άνθρακα που παράγεται μέσω φωτοσύνθεσης φυτοπλαγκτού. Είναι ένα κρίσιμο στοιχείο του προϋπολογισμού άνθρακα της Γης και του θαλάσσιου ιστού τροφίμων. Η ενσωματωμένη σε βάθος πρωτογενής παραγωγή διαμορφώνεται με βάση τη συγκέντρωση βιομάζας φυτοπλαγκτού μέσω δορυφόρου και την PAR. Produttività dell'acqua (produzione primaria, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 a risoluzione 4 km): La produzione primaria rappresenta la quantità di carbonio organico prodotto attraverso la fotosintesi del fitoplancton. È un elemento critico del bilancio del carbonio della Terra e della rete alimentare marina. La produzione primaria integrata in profondità è modellata dalla concentrazione satellitare di biomassa di fitoplancton e PAR. Wasserproduktivität (Primärproduktion, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 bei 4 km Auflösung): Die Primärproduktion repräsentiert die Menge an organischem Kohlenstoff, der durch Phytoplankton-Photosynthese erzeugt wird. Es ist ein kritisches Element des CO2-Budgets der Erde und des marinen Nahrungsnetzes. Die tiefenintegrierte Primärproduktion wird aus der satellitengestützten Phytoplankton-Biomasse-Konzentration und PAR modelliert. Produtividade da água (produção primária, pp em gCarbon.m-2.day-1 com resolução de 4 km): A produção primária representa a quantidade de carbono orgânico produzido através da fotossíntese de fitoplâncton. É um elemento crítico do orçamento de carbono da Terra e da rede alimentar marinha. A produção primária integrada em profundidade é modelada a partir da concentração de biomassa de fitoplâncton por satélite e PAR. Продуктивність води (первинне виробництво, pp в gCarbon.m-2.day-1 при роздільній здатності 4км): Первинне виробництво являє собою кількість органічного вуглецю, отриманого шляхом фотосинтезу фітопланктону. Це важливий елемент вуглецевого бюджету Землі і морської продовольчої мережі. Глибина інтегрованого первинного виробництва моделюється з концентрації біомаси на основі супутника фітопланктону та PAR.

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    Średnia miesięczna temperatura powierzchni morza (w stopniach C przy rozdzielczości 4 km) pochodząca z czujnika PATHFINDER (dane satelitarnej teledetekcji barwy oceanu): Temperatura powierzchni morza to temperatura wody blisko powierzchni morza. SST jest standardowym produktem z satelitarnych czujników termicznych na podczerwień oraz czujników optycznych uzupełnionych pasmami podczerwieni. Średnia miesięczna temperatura powierzchni morza (w stopniach C przy rozdzielczości 4 km) pochodząca z czujnika PATHFINDER (dane satelitarnej teledetekcji barwy oceanu): Temperatura powierzchni morza to temperatura wody blisko powierzchni morza. SST jest standardowym produktem z satelitarnych czujników termicznych na podczerwień oraz czujników optycznych uzupełnionych pasmami podczerwieni. Température moyenne mensuelle de la surface de la mer (en degrés C à une résolution de 4 km) dérivée du capteur PATHFINDER (Télédétection satellite de la couleur de l’océan): La température de la surface de la mer est la température de l’eau près de la surface de la mer. SST est un produit standard à partir de capteurs infrarouges thermiques satellitaires, et de capteurs optiques complétés par des bandes infrarouges. Μηνιαία μέση θερμοκρασία επιφάνειας της θάλασσας (σε βαθμό-C σε ανάλυση 4 km) προερχόμενη από τον αισθητήρα PATHFINDER (Δορυφορικά δεδομένα χρώματος Ωκεανού τηλεπισκόπησης): Η θερμοκρασία επιφάνειας της θάλασσας είναι η θερμοκρασία του νερού κοντά στην επιφάνεια της θάλασσας. Το SST είναι ένα πρότυπο προϊόν από δορυφορικούς θερμικούς υπέρυθρους αισθητήρες και οπτικούς αισθητήρες που συμπληρώνονται με υπέρυθρες ζώνες. Temperatura media mensual de la superficie del mar (en grado C a una resolución de 4 km) derivada del sensor PATHFINDER (datos de color del océano de teledetección por satélite): La temperatura de la superficie del mar es la temperatura del agua cerca de la superficie del mar. SST es un producto estándar de sensores infrarrojos térmicos basados en satélites, y sensores ópticos complementados con bandas infrarrojas. Месечна средна температура на морската повърхност (в градус-C при разделителна способност 4 km), получена от сензора PATHFINDER (Сателитна дистанционна сензорна информация за цветовете на океана): Температурата на морската повърхност е температурата на водата в близост до морската повърхност. SST е стандартен продукт от сателитни термоинфрачервени сензори и оптични сензори, допълнени с инфрачервени ленти. Meánteocht mhíosúil dhromchla na farraige (i gcéim-C ag taifeach 4 km) a dhíorthaítear ón mbraiteoir PATHFINDER (sonraí cianbhraiteachta satailíte maidir le dath an Aigéin): Is é teocht dhromchla na farraige teocht an uisce gar do dhromchla na farraige. Is táirge caighdeánach é SST ó bhraiteoirí infridhearg teirmeacha atá bunaithe ar shatailítí, agus braiteoirí optúla arna gcomhlánú le bandaí infridhearg. Mėnesio vidutinė jūros paviršiaus temperatūra (C laipsniais esant 4 km skyrai), gauta iš PATHFINDER jutiklio (palydovinio nuotolinio stebėjimo vandenyno spalvų duomenys): Jūros paviršiaus temperatūra yra vandens temperatūra arti jūros paviršiaus. SST yra standartinis produktas iš palydovinių šiluminių infraraudonųjų spindulių jutiklių ir optinių jutiklių, papildytų infraraudonųjų spindulių juostomis. It-temperatura medja fix-xahar tas-superfiċje tal-baħar (fi grad-C b’riżoluzzjoni ta’ 4 km) derivata mis-sensur PATHFINDER (data tal-kulur tal-Oċean tat-telerilevament bis-satellita): It-temperatura tal-wiċċ tal-baħar hija t-temperatura tal-ilma qrib wiċċ il-baħar. L-SST huwa prodott standard minn sensuri infraħomor termali bbażati fuq is-satellita, u sensuri ottiċi kumplimentati b’faxex infra-aħmar. Temperatura media mensile della superficie del mare (in grado C a risoluzione di 4 km) derivata dal sensore PATHFINDER (Satellite telerilevamento dati del colore dell'oceano): La temperatura superficiale del mare è la temperatura dell'acqua vicino alla superficie del mare. SST è un prodotto standard da sensori termici a infrarossi satellitari e sensori ottici integrati con bande a infrarossi. Monatliche mittlere Meeresoberflächentemperatur (in Grad-C bei 4 km Auflösung), abgeleitet vom PATHFINDER-Sensor (Satellitenfernerkundung Ozeanfarbdaten): Meeresoberflächentemperatur ist die Temperatur des Wassers in der Nähe der Meeresoberfläche. SST ist ein Standardprodukt von satellitengestützten thermischen Infrarotsensoren und optischen Sensoren, die durch Infrarotbänder ergänzt werden.

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    The datasets contain hourly capacity factors for a PV plant with 394 kWp capacity and a windpower facility with 800 kWp capacity. The demand profile provided contains houlrly consumption data (kWh) of Auroville. All these datasets have been used to generate the results that can be found in D6.1 and D6.2.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2022
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      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2022
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2022
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    Αυτή η μελέτη διερευνά την άμεση σχέση μεταξύ ενός δείκτη βιομάζας μεσοζοζοπλαγκτού, που προέρχεται από την έρευνα Continuous Plankton Recorder και των δορυφορικών μετωπικών χαρακτηριστικών παραγωγικότητας στον Βόρειο Ατλαντικό. Η ποιότητα του ημερήσιου ενδιαιτήματος σίτισης για τα συνηθέστερα είδη μεσοζοπλαγκτού σχετίζεται με την οριζόντια χλωροφύλλη — μια κλίση που προέρχεται από δορυφορικούς αισθητήρες χρώματος των ωκεανών. ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΕΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΕΣ: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, δημοσίευση που αξιολογήθηκε από ομοτίμους: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Diese Studie untersucht den direkten Zusammenhang zwischen einem Index von Mesozooplankton-Biomasse, abgeleitet aus der Continuous Plankton Recorder-Vermessung und satellitengestützten Produktivitätsfrontmerkmalen im Nordatlantik. Die Qualität des täglichen Futterlebensraums für die häufigsten Arten von Mesozooplankton hängt mit dem horizontalen Chlorophyll zusammen – einem Gradienten, der von Satellitensensoren mit Meeresfarbe abgeleitet wird. Weitere Informationen: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, Peer-reviewed Publikation: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Dan l-istudju jinvestiga l-assoċjazzjoni diretta bejn indiċi tal-bijomassa mesozooplankton, derivat mill-istħarriġ Plankton Recorder Kontinwu u karatteristiċi frontali tal-produttività derivati mis-satellita fl-Atlantiku tat-Tramuntana. Il-kwalità tal-ħabitat tal-għalf ta’ kuljum għall-ispeċijiet l-aktar komuni ta’ mesozooplankton hija relatata mal-gradjent orizzontali tal-klorofilla-a derivat minn sensuri satellitari ta’ kulur oċeaniku. Għal aktar tagħrif: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, pubblikazzjoni riveduta mill-pari: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Cette étude étudie l’association directe entre un indice de biomasse mésozoooplancton, dérivé de l’étude Continuous Plancton Recorder et des caractéristiques frontales de productivité dérivées des satellites dans l’Atlantique Nord. La qualité de l’habitat d’alimentation quotidienne des espèces les plus courantes de mésozooplancton est liée à la chlorophylle horizontale, un gradient dérivé de capteurs satellites de couleur océanique. Plus d’informations: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publication révisée par les pairs: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Imscrúdaíonn an staidéar seo an comhlachas díreach idir innéacs bithmhaise mesozooplankton, a dhíorthaítear ón suirbhé Leanúnach Plankton Recorder agus gnéithe tosaigh táirgiúlachta a dhíorthaítear ó shatailítí san Atlantach Thuaidh. Baineann cáilíocht na gnáthóige beathaithe laethúla do na speicis is coitianta de mhosozooplankton leis an ngrádán cothrománach a dhíorthaítear ó bhraiteoirí satailíte de dhath na n-aigéan. Tuilleadh eolais: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, foilseachán a ndearnadh athbhreithniú piaraí air: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Este estudio investiga la asociación directa entre un índice de biomasa mesozooplancton, derivado de la encuesta Continuous Plankton Recorder y características frontales de productividad derivadas de satélites en el Atlántico Norte. La calidad del hábitat de alimentación diaria para las especies más comunes de mesozooplancton está relacionada con la clorofila horizontal, un gradiente derivado de sensores satelitales de color oceánico. Más información: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicación revisada por pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Questo studio indaga l'associazione diretta tra un indice di biomassa mesozooplancton, derivato dall'indagine Continuous Plankton Recorder e le caratteristiche frontali di produttività derivate dai satelliti nel Nord Atlantico. La qualità dell'habitat alimentare giornaliero per le specie più comuni di mesozooplancton è correlata alla clorofilla orizzontale, un gradiente derivato dai sensori satellitari di colore dell'oceano. Per maggiori informazioni: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, pubblicazione peer-reviewed: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Acest studiu investighează asocierea directă dintre un indice al biomasei mezozooplanctonice, derivat din studiul Continuous Plankton Recorder și caracteristicile frontale de productivitate derivate din satelit în Atlanticul de Nord. Calitatea habitatului zilnic de hrănire pentru cele mai comune specii de mezozooplancton este legată de clorofila orizontală – un gradient derivat din senzorii sateliți de culoare oceanică. Mai multe informații: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicație revizuită inter pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Deze studie onderzoekt de directe associatie tussen een index van mesozooplankton biomassa, afgeleid van de Continuous Plankton Recorder survey en satelliet-afgeleide productiviteit frontale kenmerken in de Noord-Atlantische Oceaan. De kwaliteit van de dagelijkse voeding habitat voor de meest voorkomende soorten mesozooplankton is gerelateerd aan de horizontale chlorofyl-een gradiënt afgeleid van satellietsensoren van oceaankleur. Meer informatie: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, Peer-reviewed publicatie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Este estudo investiga a associação direta entre um índice de biomassa mesozooplâncton, derivado do estudo Continuous Plankton Recorder e características frontais de produtividade derivadas por satélite no Atlântico Norte. A qualidade do habitat alimentar diário para as espécies mais comuns de mesozooplâncton está relacionada com o gradiente horizontal de clorofila-um derivado de sensores de satélite de cor oceânica. Mais informações: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicação revista pelos pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2

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    Les valeurs quotidiennes de la température moyenne, minimale, maximale et totale de la simulation des changements climatiques transitoires METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 pour la période 1961-2099 ont été corrigées pour tenir compte des biais selon Dosio et Paruolo, 2011: Correction des biais des projections à haute résolution du changement climatique ENSEMBLES pour utilisation par les modèles d’impact: Évaluation du climat actuel, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Ces données ont été produites à partir d’une simulation transitoire du changement climatique pour la période 1951-2099 pilotée par le modèle global couplé HadCM3Q0 du U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre selon le scénario de marqueur SRES A1B. 121 champs météorologiques différents sont stockés dans la base de données de cette simulation; parmi ceux-ci, 7 sont sauvés 4 fois par jour, 4 sont sauvés deux fois par jour, et le reste est sauvé une fois par jour. Cette simulation a été réalisée dans le cadre du thème de recherche 3 (RT3) du projet EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Des informations sur les simulations peuvent être consultées à l’adresse http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, dans le numéro spécial 44 de Climate Research (2010), ou dans le rapport final ENSEMBLES disponible à l’adresse http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Lignée: Les données de simulation d’un modèle climatique numérique régional avec des conditions latérales et de surface de la mer déterminées à partir de la sortie du modèle global couplé HadCM30. La simulation a été réalisée au U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) avec le modèle climatique régional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Les valeurs quotidiennes de la température moyenne, minimale, maximale et des précipitations totales issues de cette simulation ont été corrigées pour tenir compte des biais selon Dosio et Paruolo, 2011: Correction des biais des projections à haute résolution du changement climatique ENSEMBLES pour utilisation par les modèles d’impact: Évaluation du climat actuel, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 I valori giornalieri di temperatura media, minima, massima e precipitazione totale dalla simulazione transitoria dei cambiamenti climatici METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 per il periodo 1961-2099 sono stati corretti per le distorsioni secondo Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correzione di bias delle proiezioni dei cambiamenti climatici ad alta risoluzione ENSEMBLES per l'uso da modelli di impatto: Valutazione del clima attuale, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Questi dati sono stati prodotti da una simulazione transitoria del cambiamento climatico per il periodo 1951-2099 guidata dal modello globale accoppiato HadCM3Q0 del Regno Unito Met Office Hadley Centre secondo lo scenario di marcatore SRES A1B. 121 diversi campi meteorologici sono memorizzati nella banca dati da questa simulazione; di questi, 7 vengono salvati 4 volte al giorno, 4 vengono salvati due volte al giorno e il resto viene salvato una volta al giorno. Questa simulazione è stata realizzata nell'ambito del tema di ricerca 3 (RT3) del progetto ENSEMBLES del 6º PQ dell'UE (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Le informazioni sulle simulazioni sono reperibili all'indirizzo http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, nel numero speciale 44 della ricerca sul clima (2010), oppure nella relazione finale ENSEMBLES disponibile all'indirizzo http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Il lignaggio: Dati di simulazione da un modello climatico numerico regionale con condizioni laterali e di superficie marina determinate dalla produzione del modello globale accoppiato HadCM30. La simulazione è stata prodotta presso il Met Office Hadley Centre del Regno Unito (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) con il modello climatico regionale HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). I valori giornalieri di temperatura media, minima, massima e precipitazione totale di questa simulazione sono stati corretti per le distorsioni secondo Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correzione di bias delle proiezioni dei cambiamenti climatici ad alta risoluzione ENSEMBLES per l'uso da modelli di impatto: Valutazione del clima attuale, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Οι ημερήσιες τιμές μέσης, ελάχιστης, μέγιστης θερμοκρασίας και συνολικής βροχόπτωσης από την προσομοίωση παροδικής κλιματικής αλλαγής METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 για την περίοδο 1961-2099 διορθώθηκαν για προκαταλήψεις σύμφωνα με το Dosio και το Paruolo, 2011: Διόρθωση μεροληψίας των προβλέψεων για την κλιματική αλλαγή υψηλής ανάλυσης ENSEMBLES για χρήση από μοντέλα επιπτώσεων: Αξιολόγηση του σημερινού κλίματος, J. Geophys. Απόφ., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Αυτά τα δεδομένα έχουν παραχθεί από μια παροδική προσομοίωση της κλιματικής αλλαγής για την περίοδο 1951-2099, καθοδηγούμενη από το συνδεδεμένο παγκόσμιο μοντέλο HadCM3Q0 του Κέντρου Hadley του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, σύμφωνα με το σενάριο δείκτη SRES A1B. 121 διαφορετικά μετεωρολογικά πεδία αποθηκεύονται στη βάση δεδομένων από αυτή την προσομοίωση· από αυτά, 7 σώζονται 4 φορές την ημέρα, 4 σώζονται δύο φορές την ημέρα, και τα υπόλοιπα σώζονται μία φορά την ημέρα. Η προσομοίωση αυτή έχει παραχθεί στο πλαίσιο του ερευνητικού θέματος 3 (RT3) του έργου ENSEMBLES της ΕΕ για το 6ο ΠΠ (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις προσομοιώσεις διατίθενται στη διεύθυνση http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, στο ειδικό τεύχος 44 της έρευνας για το κλίμα (2010), ή στην τελική έκθεση ENSEMBLES που διατίθεται στη διεύθυνση http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Γενεαλογία: Δεδομένα προσομοίωσης από ένα περιφερειακό αριθμητικό κλιματικό μοντέλο με πλευρικές και θαλάσσιες συνθήκες που καθορίζονται από την παραγωγή του συνδεδεμένου παγκόσμιου μοντέλου HadCM30. Η προσομοίωση παρήχθη στο Κέντρο Hadley του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) με το περιφερειακό κλιματικό μοντέλο HadRM3. (UUID): 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Οι ημερήσιες τιμές μέσης, ελάχιστης, μέγιστης θερμοκρασίας και συνολικής βροχόπτωσης από αυτή την προσομοίωση διορθώθηκαν για προκαταλήψεις σύμφωνα με το Dosio και το Paruolo, 2011: Διόρθωση μεροληψίας των προβλέψεων για την κλιματική αλλαγή υψηλής ανάλυσης ENSEMBLES για χρήση από μοντέλα επιπτώσεων: Αξιολόγηση του σημερινού κλίματος, J. Geophys. Απόφ., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Valorile zilnice ale temperaturilor medii, minime, maxime și ale precipitațiilor totale rezultate în urma simulării temporare a schimbărilor climatice METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 pentru perioada 1961-2099 au fost corectate în funcție de prejudecățile prevăzute de Dosio și Paruolo, 2011: Corecția părtinitoare a previziunilor ENSEMBLES privind schimbările climatice de înaltă rezoluție pentru a fi utilizate de modelele de impact: Evaluarea climatului actual, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Aceste date au fost obținute dintr-o simulare tranzitorie a schimbărilor climatice pentru perioada 1951-2099, bazată pe modelul global cuplat HadCM3Q0 al Centrului Hadley din Marea Britanie, conform scenariului marker SRES A1B. 121 de câmpuri meteorologice diferite sunt stocate în baza de date din această simulare; dintre acestea, 7 sunt salvate de 4 ori pe zi, 4 sunt salvate de două ori pe zi, iar restul sunt salvate o dată pe zi. Această simulare a fost realizată ca parte a temei de cercetare 3 (RT3) a proiectului EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Informații privind simulările pot fi găsite la adresa http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, în numărul special 44 al cercetării climatice (2010), sau în raportul final ENSEMBLES disponibil la adresa http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Linie de linie: Date de simulare dintr-un model climatic numeric regional cu condiții laterale și de suprafață marină determinate de rezultatul modelului global cuplat HadCM30. Simularea a fost realizată la U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) cu modelul climatic regional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Valorile zilnice ale temperaturilor medii, minime, maxime și ale precipitațiilor totale rezultate în urma acestei simulări au fost corectate pentru erori în conformitate cu Dosio și Paruolo, 2011: Corecția părtinitoare a previziunilor ENSEMBLES privind schimbările climatice de înaltă rezoluție pentru a fi utilizate de modelele de impact: Evaluarea climatului actual, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Il-valuri ta’ kuljum tat-temperatura medja, minima, massima u preċipitazzjoni totali mis-simulazzjoni temporanja tat-tibdil fil-klima METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 għall-perjodu 1961–2099 ġew ikkoreġuti għall-preġudizzji skont Dosio u Paruolo, 2011: Korrezzjoni tal-preġudizzju tal-projezzjonijiet b’riżoluzzjoni għolja ENSEMBLES dwar it-tibdil fil-klima għall-użu mill-mudelli tal-impatt: Evalwazzjoni dwar il-klima preżenti, J. Geophys. Riż., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Din id-data ġiet prodotta minn simulazzjoni temporanja tat-tibdil fil-klima għall-perjodu 1951–2099 xprunata mill-mudell globali akkoppjat HadCM3Q0 taċ-Ċentru Hadley tal-Uffiċċju tar-Renju Unit skont ix-xenarju tal-markatur A1B tas-SRES. 121 kamp meteoroloġiku differenti huma maħżuna fil-bażi tad-data minn din is-simulazzjoni; minn dawn, 7 jiġu ffrankati 4 darbiet kuljum, 4 jiġu ffrankati darbtejn kuljum, u l-bqija jiġi ffrankat darba kuljum. Din is-simulazzjoni ġiet prodotta bħala parti mit-Tema ta’ Riċerka 3 (RT3) tal-proġett tal-FP6 tal-UE ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). L-informazzjoni dwar is-simulazzjonijiet tinsab fuq http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, fil-ħarġa speċjali 44 tar-Riċerka dwar il-Klima (2010), jew fir-rapport finali tal-ENSEMBLES disponibbli fuq http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Nisel: Data ta’ simulazzjoni minn mudell numeriku reġjonali tal-klima b’kundizzjonijiet laterali u tal-wiċċ tal-baħar iddeterminati mill-output tal-mudell globali akkoppjat HadCM30. Is-simulazzjoni ġiet prodotta fiċ-Ċentru tar-Renju Unit għall-Met Office Hadley (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) bil-mudell klimatiku reġjonali HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30–11e1–9105–0017085a97ab). Valuri ta’ kuljum ta’ temperatura medja, minima, massima u preċipitazzjoni totali minn din is-simulazzjoni ġew ikkoreġuti għal preġudizzji skont Dosio u Paruolo, 2011: Korrezzjoni tal-preġudizzju tal-projezzjonijiet b’riżoluzzjoni għolja ENSEMBLES dwar it-tibdil fil-klima għall-użu mill-mudelli tal-impatt: Evalwazzjoni dwar il-klima preżenti, J. Geophys. Riż., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Os valores diários de média, mínima, temperatura máxima e precipitação total da simulação de mudanças climáticas transitórias METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 para o período 1961-2099 foram corrigidos para vieses de acordo com Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correção dos desvios das projeções ENSEMBLES em matéria de alterações climáticas de alta resolução para utilização por modelos de impacto: Avaliação do clima atual, J. Geophys. Resolução 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Esses dados foram produzidos a partir de uma simulação transitória de mudanças climáticas para o período 1951-2099, impulsionada pelo modelo global acoplado HadCM3Q0 do U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre de acordo com o cenário de marcador SRES A1B. A partir desta simulação, são armazenados 121 campos meteorológicos diferentes na base de dados; destes, 7 são salvos 4 vezes por dia, 4 são salvos duas vezes por dia, e o resto é salvo uma vez por dia. Esta simulação foi produzida no âmbito do tema de investigação 3 (RT3) do projeto ENSEMBLES do 6.º PQ da UE (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). As informações sobre as simulações podem ser consultadas em http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, no número especial 44 da investigação climática (2010) ou no relatório final ENSEMBLES, disponível em http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Linhagem: Dados de simulação de um modelo climático numérico regional com condições laterais e de superfície do mar determinadas a partir da saída do modelo global acoplado HadCM30. A simulação foi produzida no Reino Unido Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) com o modelo climático regional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Os valores diários de média, mínimo, temperatura máxima e precipitação total desta simulação foram corrigidos para vieses de acordo com Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correção dos desvios das projeções ENSEMBLES em matéria de alterações climáticas de alta resolução para utilização por modelos de impacto: Avaliação do clima atual, J. Geophys. Resolução 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Ceartaíodh luachanna laethúla na meán, na híosteochta, na huasteochta agus na frasaíochta iomláine ó insamhalta athrú aeráide neamhbhuan METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 don tréimhse 1961-2099 i gcás claontachtaí de réir Dosio agus Paruolo, 2011: Ceartú claontachta ar réamh-mheastacháin ardtaifigh ENSEMBLES maidir leis an athrú aeráide lena n-úsáid de réir samhlacha tionchair: Meastóireacht ar an aeráid reatha, J. Geophys. RS., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Táirgeadh na sonraí seo ó ionsamhlú díomuan um athrú aeráide don tréimhse 1951-2099 arna thiomáint ag an tsamhail dhomhanda chúpláilte HadCM3Q0 de chuid Ionad Hadley Office Hadley de réir chás marcála SRES A1B. Stóráiltear 121 réimse meitéareolaíochta éagsúla sa bhunachar sonraí ón ionsamhlú sin; díobh seo, 7 a shábháil 4 huaire sa lá, 4 a shábháil faoi dhó sa lá, agus tá an chuid eile a shábháil uair sa lá. Táirgeadh an t-ionsamhlú sin mar chuid de Théama Taighde 3 (RT3) de thionscadal EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Is féidir teacht ar fhaisnéis faoi na hionsamhlúcháin ag http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, san eagrán speisialta 44 de Thaighde Aeráide (2010), nó sa tuarascáil deiridh ENSEMBLES atá ar fáil ag http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Líneáil: Sonraí ionsamhlúcháin ó shamhail réigiúnach uimhriúil aeráide ina bhfuil coinníollacha cliathánacha agus dromchla farraige arna gcinneadh ó aschur shamhail dhomhanda chúpláilte HadCM30. Táirgeadh an t-ionsamhlú ag Ionad Hadley an U.K. Met Office (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) leis an tsamhail aeráide réigiúnach HadRM3. MINICÍOCHT UISCE: FLÚIRSEACH 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Ceartaíodh luachanna laethúla an mheáin, na híosteochta, na huasteochta agus na frasaíochta iomláine ón ionsamhlúchán seo i gcás claontachtaí de réir Dosio agus Paruolo, 2011: Ceartú claontachta ar réamh-mheastacháin ardtaifigh ENSEMBLES maidir leis an athrú aeráide lena n-úsáid de réir samhlacha tionchair: Meastóireacht ar an aeráid reatha, J. Geophys. RS., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Dagelijkse waarden van gemiddelde, minimum, maximumtemperatuur en totale neerslag uit de METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 transiënte klimaatsimulatie voor de periode 1961-2099 zijn gecorrigeerd voor vooroordelen volgens Dosio en Paruolo, 2011: Vooringenomenheidscorrectie van de ENSEMBLES-projecties inzake klimaatverandering met hoge resolutie voor gebruik door impactmodellen: Evaluatie van het huidige klimaat, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Deze gegevens zijn geproduceerd uit een transiënte klimaatsimulatie voor de periode 1951-2099, aangedreven door het gekoppelde wereldwijde model HadCM3Q0 van het Britse Met Office Hadley Centre volgens het SRES A1B-markerscenario. 121 verschillende meteorologische velden worden opgeslagen in de databank van deze simulatie; daarvan worden er 7 4 keer per dag gered, 4 worden twee keer per dag gered en de rest wordt één keer per dag bewaard. Deze simulatie is geproduceerd als onderdeel van onderzoeksthema 3 (RT3) van het EU FP6-project ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Informatie over de simulaties is te vinden op http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, in het speciale nummer 44 van Climate Research (2010), of in het eindverslag ENSEMBLES, beschikbaar op http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Afstamming: Simulatiegegevens van een regionaal numeriek klimaatmodel met zij- en zeeoppervlakomstandigheden, bepaald aan de hand van de output van het HadCM30-gekoppelde globale model. De simulatie werd geproduceerd in het Britse Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) met het regionale klimaatmodel HadRM3. (UUID): 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Dagelijkse waarden van gemiddelde, minimum, maximumtemperatuur en totale neerslag van deze simulatie zijn gecorrigeerd voor biases volgens Dosio en Paruolo, 2011: Vooringenomenheidscorrectie van de ENSEMBLES-projecties inzake klimaatverandering met hoge resolutie voor gebruik door impactmodellen: Evaluatie van het huidige klimaat, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Дневните стойности на средната, минималната, максималната температура и общите валежи от симулацията на преходно изменение на климата METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 за периода 1961—2099 г. са коригирани за отклонения съгласно Dosio и Paruolo, 2011 г.: Корекция на предубежденията на прогнозите за изменението на климата с висока резолюция на ENSEMBLES за използване от модели на въздействие: Оценка на настоящия климат, J. Geophys. Рез., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Тези данни са получени от преходна симулация на изменението на климата за периода 1951—2099 г., задвижвана от свързания глобален модел HadCM3Q0 на U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre, според сценария за маркер SRES A1B. 121 различни метеорологични полета се съхраняват в базата данни от тази симулация; от тях 7 се спестяват 4 пъти дневно, 4 се записват два пъти дневно, а останалите се пестят веднъж дневно. Тази симулация е изготвена като част от научноизследователската тема 3 (RT3) на проекта на ЕС по 6РП ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Информация за симулациите може да бъде намерена на адрес http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, в специален брой 44 от Изследванията в областта на климата (2010 г.) или в окончателния доклад на ENSEMBLES, достъпен на адрес http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Родословна линия: Симулационни данни от регионален цифров климатичен модел с напречни и морски повърхностни условия, определени от продукцията на глобалния модел HadCM30. Симулацията е произведена в британския Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) с регионалния климатичен модел HadRM3. (UID: 6df3c95b-5e30—11e1—9105—0017085a97ab). Дневните стойности на средната, минималната, максималната температура и общите валежи от тази симулация са коригирани за отклонения съгласно Dosio и Paruolo, 2011 г.: Корекция на предубежденията на прогнозите за изменението на климата с висока резолюция на ENSEMBLES за използване от модели на въздействие: Оценка на настоящия климат, J. Geophys. Рез., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 A METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 tranziens éghajlatváltozási szimulációból származó átlagos, minimális, maximális hőmérsékleti és teljes csapadék napi értékeit az 1961–2099-es időszakra korrigálták a Dosio és Paruolo 2011-es adatai szerint: Az ENSEMBLES nagy felbontású éghajlat-változási előrejelzéseinek torzításkorrekciója a hatásmodellek általi felhasználás tekintetében: Értékelés a jelenlegi éghajlatról, J. Geophys. Res. 116., D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Ezek az adatok az 1951–2099 közötti átmeneti éghajlat-változási szimulációból származnak, amelyet az Egyesült Királyság Met Office Hadley Centre kapcsolt globális modellje, a HadCM3Q0 hajtott az SRES A1B marker forgatókönyve szerint. Ebből a szimulációból 121 különböző meteorológiai mezőt tárolnak az adatbázisban; ezek közül 7-et naponta 4 alkalommal, 4-et naponta kétszer, a többit naponta egyszer mentünk el. Ez a szimuláció az EU 6. keretprogram ENSEMBLES projektjének 3. kutatási témája (RT3) részeként készült (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). A szimulációkra vonatkozó információk megtalálhatók a http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/ címen az Éghajlatkutatás (2010) 44. számában vagy az ENSEMBLES zárójelentésében, amely a http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf címen érhető el. Születési hely: Szimulációs adatok egy regionális numerikus éghajlati modellből oldal- és tengerfelszíni feltételekkel, amelyeket a HadCM30 kapcsolt globális modelljének kimenetéből határoztak meg. A szimuláció az Egyesült Királyság Met Office Hadley Központjában készült (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) a HadRM3 regionális klímamodellel. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30–11e1–9105–0017085a97ab). Az ebből a szimulációból származó átlag, minimum, maximális hőmérséklet és teljes csapadék napi értékeit korrigálták a Dosio és Paruolo 2011-es jelentése szerint: Az ENSEMBLES nagy felbontású éghajlat-változási előrejelzéseinek torzításkorrekciója a hatásmodellek általi felhasználás tekintetében: Értékelés a jelenlegi éghajlatról, J. Geophys. Res. 116., D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934

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    Authors: Cresswell, Anna; Renton, Michael; Langlois, Timothy; Thomson, Damian; +2 Authors

    # Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances\_Table S1 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz) The dataset provides a summary of all publications included in the analysis for this study and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the analyses. The dataset includes details about the publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications. Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. ## Description of the data and file structure Each column provides the following information: | Column | Detail | | ------ | ------ | | Realm | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Province | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Ecoregion | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Unique study identifier | Unique identifiers for the lowest sampling unit in the dataset. In cases where there were data for different regions, reefs, islands/atolls, sites, reef zones, depths, and/or multiple disturbances within a publication or time-series, data from these publications were divided into separate ‘studies’. | | Publication/Dataset | Unique identifiers for the publication or dataset (generally the surname of the first author followed by the year of publication). | | Publication title | Title of the publication or dataset from which the data were sourced. | | Publication year | Year the publication from the which the data were sourced was published. | | Country/Territory | Name of the country or location from which the data came. | | Site latitude | Latitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Site longitude | Longitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Disturbance type | Classification of disturbance: Temperature stress, Cyclone/ severe storm, Runoff or Multiple. | | Disturbance.year | Year of the disturbance. | | Mean coral cover pre-disturbance | Pre-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Mean coral cover post-disturbance | Post-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Impact (lnRR) | Impact measure: the log response ratio of pre- to post-disturbance percentage coral cover. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Time-averaged recovery rate | Recovery rate as percentage coral cover per year in the approximate 5-year time window following disturbance. See main Methods text in manuscript for more detail. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in the calculation of recovery rate. | | Recovery shape | Recovery shape category: linear, accelerating, decelerating, logistic, flatline or null. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Recovery completeness | Recovery completeness category: complete recovery – coral is observed to reach its pre-disturbance coral cover, signs of recovery – a positive trajectory but not reaching pre-disturbance cover in the time period examined, undetermined – no clear pattern in recovery, the null model was the top model, no recovery – the null model was the top model but the linear model had slope and standard error in slope near zero and further decline – the top model had a negative trend. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Reference | Source for the data. | ## Sharing/Access information Data was derived from the following sources: **Appendix 1. Full list of references providing the data used in impact and recovery analyses supporting Table S1** Arceo, H. O., Quibilan, M. C., Aliño, P. M., Lim, G., & Licuanan, W. Y. (2001). Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs: Coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2), 579-593. Aronson, R. B., Precht, W. F., Toscano, M. A., & Koltes, K. H. (2002). The 1998 bleaching event and its aftermath on a coral reef in Belize. Marine Biology, 141(3), 435-447. Aronson, R. B., Sebens, K. P., & Ebersole, J. P. (1994). Hurricane Hugo's impact on Salt River submarine canyon, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993, 189-195. Bahr, K. D., Rodgers, K. S., & Jokiel, P. L. (2017). Impact of three bleaching events on the reef resiliency of Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4(DEC). Baird, A. H., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Cumbo, V. R., Connolly, S. R., Dornelas, M., & Madin, J. S. (2018). Effects of tropical storms on the demography of reef corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 606, 29-38. Barranco, L. M., Carriquiry, J. D., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F. A., Cupul-Magaña, A. L., Villaescusa, J. A., & Calderón-Aguilera, L. E. (2016). Spatiotemporal variations of live coral cover in the Northern Mesoamerican reef system, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Scientia Marina, 80(2), 143-150. Bastidas, C., Bone, D., Croquer, A., Debrot, D., Garcia, E., Humanes, A., . . . Rodríguez, S. (2012). Massive hard coral loss after a severe bleaching event in 2010 at Los Roques, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 60(SUPPL. 1), 29-37. Booth, D. J., & Beretta, G. A. (2002). Changes in a fish assemblage after a coral bleaching event. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 245, 205-212. Brandl, S. J., Emslie, M. J., & Ceccarelli, D. M. (2016). Habitat degradation increases functional originality in highly diverse coral reef fish assemblages. Ecosphere, 7(11). Brown, D., & Edmunds, P. J. (2013). Long-term changes in the population dynamics of the Caribbean hydrocoral Millepora spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 441, 62-70. Brown, V. B., Davies, S. A., & Synnot, R. N. (1990). Long-term Monitoring of the Effects of Treated Sewage Effluent on the Intertidal Macroalgal Community Near Cape Schanck, Victoria, Australia. Botanica Marina, 33(1), 85-98. Bruckner, A. W., Coward, G., Bimson, K., & Rattanawongwan, T. (2017). Predation by feeding aggregations of Drupella spp. inhibits the recovery of reefs damaged by a mass bleaching event. Coral Reefs, 36(4), 1181-1187. Burt, J. A., Paparella, F., Al-Mansoori, N., Al-Mansoori, A., & Al-Jailani, H. (2019). Causes and consequences of the 2017 coral bleaching event in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf. Coral Reefs. Bythell, J. (1997). Assessment of the impacts of hurricanes Marilyn and Luis and post-hurricane community dynamics at Buck Island Reef National Monument as part of the long-term coral reef monitoring program in the north-eastern Caribbean. Retrieved from Newcastle, United Kingdom: Coles, S. L., & Brown, E. K. (2007). Twenty-five years of change in coral coverage on a hurricane impacted reef in Hawai'i: The importance of recruitment. Coral Reefs, 26(3), 705-717. Connell, J. H., Hughes, T. P., Wallace, C. C., Tanner, J. E., Harms, K. E., & Kerr, A. M. (2004). A long‐term study of competition and diversity of corals. Ecological Monographs, 74(2), 179-210. Couch, C. S., Burns, J. H. R., Liu, G., Steward, K., Gutlay, T. N., Kenyon, J., . . . Kosaki, R. K. (2017). Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands). PLoS ONE, 12(9). Crabbe, M. J. C. (2014). Evidence of initial coral community recovery at Discovery Bay on Jamaica’s north coast. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 62, 137-140. Crosbie, A. J., Bridge, T. C., Jones, G., & Baird, A. H. (2019). Response of reef corals and fish at Osprey Reef to a thermal anomaly across a 30 m depth gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 622, 93-102. Darling, E. S., McClanahan, T. R., & Côté, I. M. (2010). Combined effects of two stressors on Kenyan coral reefs are additive or antagonistic, not synergistic. Conservation Letters, 3(2), 122-130. De Bakker, D. M., Meesters, E. H., Bak, R. P. M., Nieuwland, G., & Van Duyl, F. C. (2016). Long-term Shifts in Coral Communities On Shallow to Deep Reef Slopes of Curaçao and Bonaire: Are There Any Winners? Frontiers in Marine Science, 3(247). Depczynski, M., Gilmour, J. P., Ridgway, T., Barnes, H., Heyward, A. J., Holmes, T. H., . . . Wilson, S. K. (2013). Bleaching, coral mortality and subsequent survivorship on a West Australian fringing reef. Coral Reefs, 32(1), 233-238. Diaz-Pulido, G., McCook, L. J., Dove, S., Berkelmans, R., Roff, G., Kline, D. I., . . . Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2009). Doom and Boom on a Resilient Reef: Climate Change, Algal Overgrowth and Coral Recovery. PLoS ONE, 4(4). Dollar, S. J., & Tribble, G. W. (1993). Recurrent storm disturbance and recovery: a long-term study of coral communities in Hawaii. Coral Reefs, 12(3-4), 223-233. Donner, S. D., Kirata, T., & Vieux, C. (2010). Recovery from the 2004 coral bleaching event in the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati. Atoll Research Bulletin(587), 1-25. Edmunds, P. J. (2013). Decadal-scale changes in the community structure of coral reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 489, 107-123. Edmunds, P. J. (2018). Implications of high rates of sexual recruitment in driving rapid reef recovery in Mo’orea, French Polynesia. Scientific Reports, 8(1). Edmunds, P. J. (2019). Three decades of degradation lead to diminished impacts of severe hurricanes on Caribbean reefs. Ecology, 100(3). Edward, J. K. P., Mathews, G., Diraviya Raj, K., Laju, R. L., Selva Bharath, M., Arasamuthu, A., . . . Malleshappa, H. (2018). Coral mortality in the Gulf of Mannar, southeastern India, due to bleaching caused by elevated sea temperature in 2016. Current Science, 114(9), 1967-1972. Edwards, A. J., Clark, S., Zahir, H., Rajasuriya, A., Naseer, A., & Rubens, J. (2001). Coral bleaching and mortality on artificial and natural reefs in Maldives in 1998, sea surface temperature anomalies and initial recovery. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(1), 7-15. Emslie, M. J., Bray, P., Cheal, A. J., Johns, K. A., Osborne, K., Sinclair-Taylor, T., & Thompson, C. A. (2020). Decades of monitoring have informed the stewardship and ecological understanding of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Biological Conservation, 252, 108854. Fenner, D. P. (1991). Effects of Hurricane Gilbert on coral reefs, fishes and sponges at Cozumel, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 48(3), 719-730. Fox, M. D., Carter, A. L., Edwards, C. B., Takeshita, Y., Johnson, M. D., Petrovic, V., . . . Smith, J. E. (2019). Limited coral mortality following acute thermal stress and widespread bleaching on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific. Coral Reefs. García-Sais, J. R., Williams, S. M., & Amirrezvani, A. (2017). Mortality, recovery, and community shifts of scleractinian corals in Puerto Rico one decade after the 2005 regional bleaching event. PeerJ, 2017(7). Garpe, K. C., Yahya, S. A. S., Lindahl, U., & Öhman, M. C. (2006). Long-term effects of the 1998 coral bleaching event on reef fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 315, 237-247. Gilmour, J. P., Cook, K. L., Ryan, N. M., Puotinen, M. L., Green, R. H., Shedrawi, G., . . . Oades, D. (2019). The state of Western Australia’s coral reefs. Coral Reefs. Gilmour, J. P., Smith, L. D., Heyward, A. J., Baird, A. H., & Pratchett, M. S. (2013). Recovery of an isolated coral reef system following severe disturbance. Science, 340(6128), 69-71. Glynn, P. W. (1984). Widespread coral mortality and the 1982-1983 El Niño warming event. Environmental Conservation, 11(2), 133-146. Glynn, P. W., Enochs, I. C., Afflerbach, J. A., Brandtneris, V. W., & Serafy, J. E. (2014). Eastern Pacific reef fish responses to coral recovery following El Niño disturbances. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 495, 233-247. Gouezo, M., Golbuu, Y., Van Woesik, R., Rehm, L., Koshiba, S., & Doropoulos, C. (2015). Impact of two sequential super typhoons on coral reef communities in Palau. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 540, 73-85. Guest, J. R., Tun, K., Low, J., Vergés, A., Marzinelli, E. M., Campbell, A. H., . . . Steinberg, P. D. (2016). 27 years of benthic and coral community dynamics on turbid, highly urbanised reefs off Singapore. Scientific Reports, 6. Guillemot, N., Chabanet, P., & Le Pape, O. (2010). Cyclone effects on coral reef habitats in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Coral Reefs, 29(2), 445-453. Guzmán, H. M., & Cortés, J. (2001). Changes in reef community structure after fifteen years of natural disturbances in the Eastern Pacific (Costa Rica). Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(1), 133-149. Guzman, H. M., Cortes, J., Richmond, R. H., & Glynn, P. W. (1987). Effects of "El Nino - Southern oscillation' 1982/83 in the coral reefs at Isla del Cano, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 35(2), 325-332. Haapkylä, J., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Flavell, M., & Willis, B. L. (2013). Disease outbreaks, bleaching and a cyclone drive changes in coral assemblages on an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs, 32(3), 815-824. Hagan, A., & Spencer, T. (2008). Reef resilience and change 1998–2007, Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles. Paper presented at the Proc 11th Int Coral Reef Symp. Harii, S., Hongo, C., Ishihara, M., Ide, Y., & Kayanne, H. (2014). Impacts of multiple disturbances on coral communities at Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, during a 15 year survey. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 509, 171-180. Harrison, H. B., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Baird, A. H., Heron, S. F., MacDonald, C., & Hughes, T. P. (2018). Back-to-back coral bleaching events on isolated atolls in the Coral Sea. Coral Reefs. Holbrook, S. J., Adam, T. C., Edmunds, P. J., Schmitt, R. J., Carpenter, R. C., Brooks, A. J., . . . Briggs, C. J. (2018). Recruitment Drives Spatial Variation in Recovery Rates of Resilient Coral Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8(1). Hongo, C., & Yamano, H. (2013). Species-Specific Responses of Corals to Bleaching Events on Anthropogenically Turbid Reefs on Okinawa Island, Japan, over a 15-year Period (1995-2009). PLoS ONE, 8(4). Huang, H., Yang, Y., Li, X., Yang, J., Lian, J., Lei, X., . . . Zhang, J. (2014). Benthic community changes following the 2010 Hainan flood: Implications for reef resilience. Marine Biology Research, 10(6), 601-611. Hughes, T. P. (1994). Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science, 265(5178), 1547-1551. Jokiel, P. L., Hunter, C. L., Taguchi, S., & Watarai, L. (1993). Ecological impact of a fresh-water "reef kill" in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Coral Reefs, 12(3-4), 177-184. Jones, A. M., & Berkelmans, R. (2014). Flood impacts in Keppel Bay, Southern Great Barrier Reef in the aftermath of cyclonic rainfall. PLoS ONE, 9(1). Jonker, M., Johns, K., & Osborne, K. (2008). Surveys of benthic reef communities using underwater digital photography and counts of juveniles. Long-term monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef Standard Operation Procedure Number 10. Retrieved from Townsville: Kuo, C. Y., Yuen, Y. S., Meng, P. J., Ho, P. H., Wang, J. T., Liu, P. J., . . . Chen, C. A. (2012). Recurrent Disturbances and the Degradation of Hard Coral Communities in Taiwan. PLoS ONE, 7(8). Lam, V. Y. Y., Chaloupka, M., Thompson, A., Doropoulos, C., & Mumby, P. J. (2018). Acute drivers influence recent inshore Great Barrier Reef dynamics. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1890). Lambo, A. L., & Ormond, R. F. G. (2006). Continued post-bleaching decline and changed benthic community of a Kenyan coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52(12), 1617-1624. Lamy, T., Galzin, R., Kulbicki, M., Lison de Loma, T., & Claudet, J. (2016). Three decades of recurrent declines and recoveries in corals belie ongoing change in fish assemblages. Coral Reefs, 35(1), 293-302. Lamy, T., Legendre, P., Chancerelle, Y., Siu, G., & Claudet, J. (2015). Understanding the spatio-temporal response of coral reef fish communities to natural disturbances: Insights from beta-diversity decomposition. PLoS ONE, 10(9). Liddell, W. D., & Ohlhorst, S. L. (1992). Ten years of disturbance and change on a Jamaican fringing reef. Paper presented at the 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp. Lirman, D., Glynn, P. W., Baker, A. C., & Morales, G. E. L. (2001). Combined effects of three sequential storms on the huatulco coral reef tract, mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(1), 267-278. Lovell, E., & Sykes, H. Rapid recovery from bleaching events-Fiji Coral Reef Monitoring Network Assessment of hard coral cover from. Loya, Y., Sakai, K., Yamazato, K., Nakano, Y., Sambali, H., & Van Woesik, R. (2001). Coral bleaching: The winners and the losers. Ecology Letters, 4(2), 122-131. Lozano-Montes, H. M., Keesing, J. K., Grol, M. G., Haywood, M. D. E., Vanderklift, M. A., Babcock, R. C., & Bancroft, K. (2017). Limited effects of an extreme flood event on corals at Ningaloo Reef. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 191, 234-238. Madin, J. S., Baird, A. H., Bridge, T. C. L., Connolly, S. R., Zawada, K. J. A., & Dornelas, M. (2018). Cumulative effects of cyclones and bleaching on coral cover and species richness at Lizard Island. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 604, 263-268. Magdaong, E. T., Fujii, M., Yamano, H., Licuanan, W. Y., Maypa, A., Campos, W. L., . . . Martinez, R. (2014). Long-term change in coral cover and the effectiveness of marine protected areas in the Philippines: A meta-analysis. Hydrobiologia, 733(1), 5-17. McField, M. (2000). Influence of disturbance on coral reef community structure in Belize. Paper presented at the Proc 9th Int Coral Reef Symp. Monaco, M. E., Friedlander, A. M., Caldow, C., Hile, S. D., Menza, C., & Boulon, R. H. (2009). Long-term monitoring of habitats and reef fish found inside and outside the U.S. Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: A comparative assessment. Caribbean Journal of Science, 45(2-3), 338-347. Montefalcone, M., Morri, C., & Bianchi, C. N. (2018). Long-term change in bioconstruction potential of Maldivian coral reefs following extreme climate anomalies. Global Change Biology, 24(12), 5629-5641. Morgan, K. M., Perry, C. T., Johnson, J. A., & Smithers, S. G. (2017). Nearshore turbid-zone corals exhibit high bleaching tolerance on the Great Barrier Reef following the 2016 ocean warming event. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4. Obura, D., Gudka, M., Rabi, F. A., Gian, S. B., Bijoux, J., Freed, S., . . . Sola, E. (2017). Coral Reef Status Report for the Western Indian Ocean (2017). Paper presented at the Nairobi Convention. Obura, D., & Mangubhai, S. (2011). Coral mortality associated with thermal fluctuations in the Phoenix Islands, 2002-2005. Coral Reefs, 30(3), 607-619. Ostrander, G. K., Armstrong, K. M., Knobbe, E. T., Gerace, D., & Scully, E. P. (2000). Rapid transition the structure of a coral reef community: The effects of coral bleaching and physical disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(10), 5297-5302. Pereira, M. A. M., & Gonçalves, P. M. B. (2004). Effects of the 2000 southern Mozambique floods on a marginal coral community: The case at Xai-Xai. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 29(1), 113-116. Perry, C. T. (2003). Reef development at Inhaca Island, Mozambique: Coral communities and impacts of the 1999/2000 southern African floods. Ambio, 32(2), 134-139. Phongsuwan, N., Chankong, A., Yamarunpatthana, C., Chansang, H., Boonprakob, R., Petchkumnerd, P., . . . Bundit, O. A. (2013). Status and changing patterns on coral reefs in Thailand during the last two decades. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 96, 19-24. Reyes-Bonilla, H., Carriquiry, J. D., Leyte-Morales, G. E., & Cupul-Magaña, A. L. (2002). Effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the anti-El Niño event (1997-1999) on coral reefs of the western coast of México. Coral Reefs, 21(4), 368-372. Ridgway, T., Inostroza, K., Synnot, L., Trapon, M., Twomey, L., & Westera, M. (2016). Temporal patterns of coral cover in the offshore Pilbara, Western Australia. Marine Biology, 163(9). Riegl, B. (2002). Effects of the 1996 and 1998 positive sea-surface temperature anomalies on corals, coral diseases and fish in the Arabian Gulf (Dubai, UAE). Marine Biology, 140(1), 29-40. Rioja-Nieto, R., Chiappa-Carrara, X., & Sheppard, C. (2012). Effects of hurricanes on the stability of reef-associated landscapes. Ciencias Marinas, 38(1), 47-55. Rogers, C. S., Gilnack, M., & Fitz Iii, H. C. (1983). Monitoring of coral reefs with linear transects: A study of storm damage. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 66(3), 285-300. Rousseau, Y., Galzin, R., & Maréchal, J. P. (2010). Impact of hurricane Dean on coral reef benthic and fish structure of Martinique, French West Indies. Cybium, 34(3), 243-256. Russ, G. R., & Leahy, S. M. (2017). Rapid decline and decadal-scale recovery of corals and Chaetodon butterflyfish on Philippine coral reefs. Marine Biology, 164(1). Ruzicka, R. R., Colella, M. A., Porter, J. W., Morrison, J. M., Kidney, J. A., Brinkhuis, V., . . . Colee, J. (2013). Temporal changes in benthic assemblages on Florida Keys reefs 11 years after the 1997/1998 El Niño. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 489, 125-141. Sheppard, C. R. C. (1999). Coral decline and weather patterns over 20 years in the Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Ambio, 28(6), 472-478. Shulman, M. J., & Robertson, D. R. (1996). Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs, 15(4), 231-236. Smith, T. B., Brandt, M. E., Calnan, J. M., Nemeth, R. S., Blondeau, J., Kadison, E., . . . Rothenberger, P. (2013). Convergent mortality responses of Caribbean coral species to seawater warming. Ecosphere, 4(7). Steneck, R. S., Arnold, S. N., Boenish, R., de León, R., Mumby, P. J., Rasher, D. B., & Wilson, M. W. (2019). Managing Recovery Resilience in Coral Reefs Against Climate-Induced Bleaching and Hurricanes: A 15 Year Case Study From Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(265). Stobart, B., Teleki, K., Buckley, R., Downing, N., & Callow, M. (2005). Coral recovery at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles: Five years after the 1998 bleaching event. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363(1826), 251-255. Torda, G., Sambrook, K., Cross, P., Sato, Y., Bourne, D. G., Lukoschek, V., . . . Willis, B. L. (2018). Decadal erosion of coral assemblages by multiple disturbances in the Palm Islands, central Great Barrier Reef. Scientific Reports, 8(1). Trapon, M. L., Pratchett, M. S., & Penin, L. (2011). Comparative effects of different disturbances in coral reef habitats in Moorea, French Polynesia. Journal of Marine Biology, 2011. Tsounis, G., & Edmunds, P. J. (2017). Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: A contrast of scleractinians and octocorals. Ecosphere, 8(1). Van Woesik, R., De Vantier, L. M., & Glazebrook, J. S. (1995). Effects of Cyclone "Joy' on nearshore coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 128(1-3), 261-270. Van Woesik, R., Sakai, K., Ganase, A., & Loya, Y. (2011). Revisiting the winners and the losers a decade after coral bleaching. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 434, 67-76. Vercelloni, J., Kayal, M., Chancerelle, Y., & Planes, S. (2019). Exposure, vulnerability, and resiliency of French Polynesian coral reefs to environmental disturbances. Scientific Reports, 9(1). Walsh, W. J. (1983). Stability of a coral reef fish community following a catastrophic storm. Coral Reefs, 2(1), 49-63. Wilkinson, C. (2004). Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004 (Vol. 2). Queensland, Australia: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Wilkinson, C. R., & Souter, D. (2008). Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005. Wismer, S., Tebbett, S. B., Streit, R. P., & Bellwood, D. R. (2019). Spatial mismatch in fish and coral loss following 2016 mass coral bleaching. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 1487-1498. Woolsey, E., Bainbridge, S. J., Kingsford, M. J., & Byrne, M. (2012). Impacts of cyclone Hamish at One Tree Reef: Integrating environmental and benthic habitat data. Marine Biology, 159(4), 793-803. Aim: Understand the interplay between resistance and recovery on coral reefs, and investigate dependence on pre- and post-disturbance states, to inform generalisable reef resilience theory across large spatial and temporal scales. Location: Tropical coral reefs globally. Time period: 1966 to 2017. Major taxa studied: Scleratinian hard corals. Methods: We conducted a literature search to compile a global dataset of total coral cover before and after acute storms, temperature stress, and coastal runoff from flooding events. We used meta-regression to identify variables that explained significant variation in disturbance impact, including disturbance type, year, depth, and pre-disturbance coral cover. We further investigated the influence of these same variables, as well as post-disturbance coral cover and disturbance impact, on recovery rate. We examined the shape of recovery, assigning qualitatively distinct, ecologically relevant, population growth trajectories: linear, logistic, logarithmic (decelerating), and a second-order quadratic (accelerating). Results: We analysed 427 disturbance impacts and 117 recovery trajectories. Accelerating and logistic were the most common recovery shapes, underscoring non-linearities and recovery lags. A complex but meaningful relationship between the state of a reef pre- and post-disturbance, disturbance impact magnitude, and recovery rate was identified. Fastest recovery rates were predicted for intermediate to large disturbance impacts, but a decline in this rate was predicted when more than ~75% of pre-disturbance cover was lost. We identified a shifting baseline, with declines in both pre-and post-disturbance coral cover over the 50 year study period. Main conclusions: We breakdown the complexities of coral resilience, showing interplay between resistance and recovery, as well as dependence on both pre- and post-disturbance states, alongside documenting a chronic decline in these states. This has implications for predicting coral reef futures and implementing actions to enhance resilience. The dataset provides a summary of all studies included in the analysis and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the analyses for the manuscript entitled "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. The dataset includes details about the publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications. Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.

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    Authors: Markus Stoffel; Daniel G. Trappmann; Mattias I. Coullie; Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; +1 Authors

    This readme file provides all data and R codes used to perform the analyses presented in Figs. 2-4 of the main text and Supplementary Information Figures S1-S2-S3. FIGURE 2 - Seasonally_dated_GDs.txt: Contains information on the timing (Season) of rockfall (GD) in a given tree (Id) and a given year (yr) over the past 100 years. Inv refers to the operators which analyzed growth disturbances in the tree-ring series. Lat / Long refers to the position of the tree in CH1903/ Swiss Grid projection. Intensity (1-4) refers to (1), intermediate (2) and strong (3) GD. Intensity 4 was attributed to injuries (I). Only the 408 GD rated 3 (strong TRD) and 4 (injuries) were used in Fig. 2. Acronyms used for Response_type read as follows: TRD: Tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts; I: Injuries. Acronyms used for Season refer to Dormancy (1_D), early (2_EE), middle (3_ME) and late (4_LE) earlywood, whereas a GD found in the latewood was attributed to either the early (5_EL) or late (6_LL) latewood. - Trends_in_seasonality_R1.R: The data contained in "Seasonally_dated_GDs" were processed with the R script "Trends_in_Seasonality.R". This seasonal trend analysis code is inspired by work published by Schlögl et al. (2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100294) and Heiser et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002262). FIGURE 3-4-S1 - Tasch_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) in a given year (yr) as found in all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - Rockfall_frequency_climate.R: The data contained in "Tasch_GD.txt" were processed with the R script "Rockfall_frequency_climate.R". - The temperature (Imfeld23_tmp.txt) and precipitation (Imfeld23_prc.txt) data used in Fig. 3 are from the Imfeld et al. 2023 (10.5194/cp-19-703-2023) gridded dataset (1x1 km lat/long) and were extracted at the grid point centered on the Täschgufer site. - The script set with temperature series enables to compute Fig. 4 (l.149:216) and Fig. 3 (l. 216:330); the script set with precipitation series enables to compute Fig. S1 FIGURE S2 - Tasch_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) at the Täschgufer site in a given year (yr) as found in all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - Rockfall_frequency_borehole.R: is adapted from "Rockfall_frequency_climate.R" to work with the borehole dates. - Corvatsch0_6R1: Contains the Corvatsch borehole temperature series (2000-2020, 0.6m depth) (Hoelzle, M. et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1531-2022, 2022). FIGURE S3 - Plattje_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) at the Plattje site in a given year (yr) as found all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - - Rockfall_frequency_climate_Plattje.R: The data contained in "Plattje_GD.txt" were processed with the R script "Rockfall_frequency_climate_Plattje.R". - The temperature (Imfeld23_tmp_Plattje.txt) and precipitation (Imfeld23_prc_Plattje.txt) data used in Fig. 3 are from Imfeld et al. 2023 (10.5194/cp-19-703-2023) gridded dataset (1x1 km lat/long) and were extracted at the grid point centered on the Plattje site.

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    Authors: Groupement Europeen D'interet Economique: Exploitation Miniere De La Chaleur De Soultz-Sous-Forets (GEIE EMC); Ecole Et Observatoire Des Sciences De La Terre (EOST);

    The 2004 stimulation was aimed at improving the hydraulic performances of the well GPK4. This borehole was stimulated twice. The present test corresponds to the first stimulation of GPK4. Included are the data from a pre-stimulation low flow injection test that was performed to evaluate the initial injectivity of GPK4.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25577/ss...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25577/ss...
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    Data type: Experimental measurements, correlations and Van't Hoff plot. Date format: .opj. Origin of the data: Experimental pressure composition isotherm measurements. Data generated by a home-made Sieverts’ type apparatus from CNRS, ICMPE, Thiais, France. Software needed to plot the data: Origin.

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    Authors: Hugo Beltrami;

    «Θερμότητα αποθηκευμένη στο γήινο σύστημα: «Πού πηγαίνει η ενέργεια;» περιέχει μια σταθερή μακροπρόθεσμη απογραφή θερμότητας του συστήματος της Γης κατά την περίοδο 1960-2018. Οι αλλαγές στη σύνθεση της ατμόσφαιρας που προκαλούνται από τον άνθρωπο προκαλούν μια ανισορροπία ακτινοβολίας στην κορυφή της ατμόσφαιρας, η οποία οδηγεί την υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη. Αυτή η ανισορροπία της Γης είναι ο πιο κρίσιμος αριθμός που καθορίζει τις προοπτικές για τη συνέχιση της υπερθέρμανσης του πλανήτη και της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Η κατανόηση της αύξησης της θερμότητας του συστήματος της Γης από αυτή τη συσσωρευμένη θερμότητα — και ιδιαίτερα πόσο και πού η θερμότητα κατανέμεται στο γήινο σύστημα — είναι θεμελιώδους σημασίας για την κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο αυτό επηρεάζει τη θέρμανση των ωκεανών, της ατμόσφαιρας και της ξηράς, της αύξησης των θερμοκρασιών και της στάθμης της θάλασσας και της απώλειας γειωμένου και πλωτού πάγου, οι οποίες αποτελούν θεμελιώδεις ανησυχίες για την κοινωνία. Αυτό το σύνολο δεδομένων βασίζεται σε μια μελέτη στο πλαίσιο του Παγκόσμιου Συστήματος Παρατήρησης του Κλίματος (GCOS) συντονισμένη διεθνή προσπάθεια για την επικαιροποίηση της απογραφής θερμότητας της Γης, και παρουσιάζει μια επικαιροποιημένη διεθνή αξιολόγηση των εκτιμήσεων της υπερθέρμανσης των ωκεανών, καθώς και νέες και επικαιροποιημένες εκτιμήσεις της αύξησης της θερμότητας στην ατμόσφαιρα, την κρυόσφαιρα και τη γη κατά την περίοδο 1960-2018. Αλλαγές στην έκδοση 2: α) προστέθηκαν και επικαιροποιήθηκαν οι αβεβαιότητες στο αρχείο netcdf Β) Ωκεανική περιεκτικότητα σε θερμότητα > 2 000 m βάθος: επικαιροποίηση μιας χρονοσειράς, και έτσι αναθεωρημένο σύνολο μέσο όρο Γ) Περιεκτικότητα σε ατμοσφαιρική θερμότητα: επικαιροποίηση των χρονοσειρών όπως παρελήφθησαν από εμπειρογνώμονες στις 29/05/2020 D) Διαθέσιμο cyropshere θερμότητας: επικαιροποίηση των χρονοσειρών όπως παρελήφθησαν από εμπειρογνώμονες στις 27/05/2020. Ε) Προστέθηκαν ορισμένα χαρακτηριστικά για περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες. «Calor almacenado en el sistema terrestre: ¿A dónde va la energía?’ contiene un inventario constante de calor del sistema terrestre a largo plazo durante el período 1960-2018. Los cambios de composición atmosférica inducidos por el hombre causan un desequilibrio radiativo en la parte superior de la atmósfera que está impulsando el calentamiento global. Este desequilibrio energético de la Tierra (IEE) es el número más crítico que define las perspectivas de continuar el calentamiento global y el cambio climático. Comprender la ganancia de calor del sistema de la Tierra a partir de este calor acumulado, y especialmente cuánto y dónde se distribuye el calor en el sistema de la Tierra, es fundamental para comprender cómo esto afecta el calentamiento de los océanos, la atmósfera y la tierra, el aumento de las temperaturas y el nivel del mar, y la pérdida de hielo a tierra y flotante, que son preocupaciones fundamentales para la sociedad. Este conjunto de datos se basa en un estudio bajo el Sistema Mundial de Observación del Clima (GCOS) esfuerzo internacional concertado para actualizar el inventario de calor de la Tierra, y presenta una evaluación internacional actualizada de las estimaciones del calentamiento de los océanos, y estimaciones nuevas y actualizadas de la ganancia de calor en la atmósfera, la criosfera y la tierra durante el período 1960-2018. Cambios en la versión 2: a) se han añadido y actualizado incertidumbres en el archivo netcdf B) Contenido de calor del océano > 2 000 m de profundidad: actualización de una serie temporal y, por lo tanto, medio de conjunto revisado C) Contenido de calor atmosférico: actualización de las series temporales recibidas por los expertos el 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere de calor disponible: actualización de las series temporales recibidas por los expertos el 27.5.2020. e) se han añadido algunos atributos para obtener más detalles. „Căldură stocată în sistemul terestru: Unde se duce energia?" conține un inventar consistent pe termen lung al căldurii sistemului terestru în perioada 1960-2018. Modificările compoziției atmosferice induse de om provoacă un dezechilibru radiativ în partea superioară a atmosferei, care conduce la încălzirea globală. Acest dezechilibru energetic al Pământului (EEI) este numărul cel mai critic care definește perspectivele pentru continuarea încălzirii globale și a schimbărilor climatice. Intelegerea castigului de caldura al sistemului Pamantului din aceasta caldura acumulata – si mai ales cat de mult si unde este distribuita caldura in sistemul Pamantului – este fundamentala pentru intelegerea modului in care acest lucru afecteaza incalzirea oceanelor, a atmosferei si a pamantului, cresterea temperaturilor si a nivelului marii, precum si pierderea ghetii impamantate si plutitoare, care sunt preocupari fundamentale pentru societate. Acest set de date se bazează pe un studiu realizat în cadrul Sistemului Global de Observare a Climei (GCOS) care a concertat efortul internațional de actualizare a inventarului căldurii Pământului și prezintă o evaluare internațională actualizată a estimărilor privind încălzirea oceanelor, precum și estimări noi și actualizate ale creșterii căldurii în atmosferă, criosferă și pământ în perioada 1960-2018. Modificări în versiunea 2: a) au fost adăugate și actualizate incertitudini în fișierul netcdf B) Conținutul de căldură oceanică > 2 000 m adâncime: actualizarea unei serii de timp și, prin urmare, o medie revizuită a ansamblului C) Conținutul de căldură atmosferică: actualizarea seriilor cronologice, astfel cum au fost primite de experți la 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere de căldură disponibilă: actualizarea seriilor cronologice, astfel cum a fost primită de experți la 27.5.2020. e) unele atribute au fost adăugate pentru mai multe detalii. "Calore immagazzinato nel sistema terrestre: Dove va l'energia?" contiene un inventario di calore a lungo termine del sistema terrestre nel periodo 1960-2018. I cambiamenti della composizione atmosferica indotta dall'uomo causano uno squilibrio radiativo nella parte superiore dell'atmosfera che sta guidando il riscaldamento globale. Questo Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI) è il numero più critico che definisce le prospettive per il continuo riscaldamento globale e il cambiamento climatico. Comprendere il guadagno di calore del sistema terrestre da questo calore accumulato — e soprattutto quanto e dove il calore è distribuito nel sistema terrestre — è fondamentale per capire come questo influisce sul riscaldamento degli oceani, dell'atmosfera e della terra, dell'innalzamento delle temperature e del livello del mare e della perdita di ghiaccio radicato e galleggiante, che sono preoccupazioni fondamentali per la società. Questo set di dati si basa su uno studio nell'ambito del Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ha concertato gli sforzi internazionali per aggiornare l'inventario del calore terrestre e presenta una valutazione internazionale aggiornata delle stime del riscaldamento degli oceani e nuove e aggiornate stime del guadagno di calore nell'atmosfera, nella criosfera e nella terra nel periodo 1960-2018. Modifiche nella versione 2: a) le incertezze sono state aggiunte e aggiornate nel file netcdf B) contenuto di calore dell'oceano > 2 000 m di profondità: aggiornamento di una serie temporale, e quindi revisione della media dell'ensemble C) contenuto di calore atmosferico: aggiornamento delle serie temporali ricevute dagli esperti il 29/05/2020 D) Cyropshere di calore disponibile: aggiornamento delle serie temporali ricevute dagli esperti il 27/05/2020. e) alcuni attributi sono stati aggiunti per maggiori dettagli. ‘Teas a stóráiltear i gcóras an Domhain: Cá dtéann an fuinneamh?’ Tá fardal teasa chóras an Domhain comhsheasmhach fadtéarmach thar an tréimhse 1960-2018. Cruthaíonn athruithe ar chomhdhéanamh atmaisféarach a spreagann daoine éagothroime radaitheach ag barr an atmaisféir, rud atá ag cur téamh domhanda chun cinn. Is í an Mhíchothromaíocht i bhFuinneamh na Cruinne (EEI) an líon is tábhachtaí a shainíonn na hionchais maidir le téamh domhanda agus athrú aeráide a leanúint. Tá sé ríthábhachtach tuiscint a fháil ar fháil teasa chóras an Domhain ón teas carntha seo — agus go háirithe cé mhéad agus cá háit a ndéantar an teas a dháileadh i gcóras an Domhain — chun tuiscint a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann sé seo i bhfeidhm ar na haigéin, an t-atmaisféar agus an talamh, ag ardú teochtaí agus leibhéal na farraige, agus cailliúint oighir atá bunaithe agus ar snámh, ar ábhair imní bhunúsacha iad don tsochaí. Tá an tacar sonraí seo bunaithe ar staidéar faoin gCóras Domhanda Breathnóireachta Aeráide (GCOS) iarracht chomhbheartaithe idirnáisiúnta fardal teasa an Domhain a thabhairt cothrom le dáta, agus léiríonn sé measúnú idirnáisiúnta nuashonraithe ar mheastacháin ar théamh aigéin, agus meastacháin nua agus nuashonraithe ar ghnóthachan teasa san atmaisféar, crióisféar agus talamh thar an tréimhse 1960-2018. Athruithe ar leagan 2: a) cuireadh éiginnteachtaí leis agus nuashonraíodh iad sa chomhad netcdf B) Ábhar teasa an Aigéin > 2 000 m doimhneacht: nuashonrú ar amshraith amháin, agus dá bhrí sin ciallaíonn ensemble athbhreithnithe C) Ábhar teasa Atmaisféarach: nuashonrú ar an amshraith a fuair na saineolaithe an 29/05/2020 D) Cyropshere teasa atá ar fáil: an t-amshraith a fuair na saineolaithe an 27/05/2020 a nuashonrú. e) roinnt tréithe curtha leis le haghaidh tuilleadh sonraí. „Warmte opgeslagen in het aardsysteem: Waar gaat de energie naartoe?' bevat een consistente langetermijnwarmte-inventaris van het aardesysteem over de periode 1960-2018. Door de mens geïnduceerde veranderingen in de samenstelling van de atmosfeer veroorzaken een radiatieve onbalans in de top van de atmosfeer die de opwarming van de aarde drijft. Deze Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI) is het meest kritische getal dat de vooruitzichten voor voortdurende opwarming van de aarde en klimaatverandering definieert. Het begrijpen van de warmtewinst van het Aardesysteem uit deze geaccumuleerde warmte — en vooral hoeveel en waar de warmte wordt verdeeld in het aardsysteem — is van fundamenteel belang om te begrijpen hoe dit de opwarming van oceanen, atmosfeer en land, stijgende temperaturen en zeespiegel, en verlies van geaard en drijvend ijs beïnvloedt, wat fundamentele zorgen zijn voor de samenleving. Deze dataset is gebaseerd op een studie in het kader van het Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) gezamenlijke internationale inspanningen om de aardwarmte-inventaris bij te werken, en presenteert een bijgewerkte internationale beoordeling van schattingen van de opwarming van de oceaan, en nieuwe en bijgewerkte schattingen van warmtewinst in de atmosfeer, cryosfeer en land in de periode 1960-2018. Wijzigingen in versie 2: A) onzekerheden zijn toegevoegd en bijgewerkt in het netcdf-bestand B) Oceaanwarmte inhoud > 2 000 m diepte: update van een tijdreeks, en dus herzien ensemble betekenen C) Atmosferische hitteinhoud: actualisering van de tijdreeksen zoals ontvangen door deskundigen op 29/05/2020 D) Beschikbare hitte cyropshere: actualisering van de tijdreeks zoals ontvangen door deskundigen op 27/05/2020. e) sommige attributen zijn toegevoegd voor meer details. «Calor armazenado no sistema terrestre: Para onde vai a energia?" contém um inventário de calor consistente do sistema terrestre de longo prazo durante o período 1960-2018. As mudanças de composição atmosférica induzidas pelo ser humano causam um desequilíbrio radiativo no topo da atmosfera que está impulsionando o aquecimento global. Este desequilíbrio energético da Terra (IEE) é o número mais crítico que define as perspetivas de continuação do aquecimento global e das alterações climáticas. Compreender o ganho de calor do sistema terrestre a partir deste calor acumulado — e especialmente quanto e onde o calor é distribuído no sistema terrestre — é fundamental para compreender como isso afeta o aquecimento dos oceanos, a atmosfera e a terra, o aumento das temperaturas e do nível do mar, e a perda de gelo terrestre e flutuante, que são preocupações fundamentais para a sociedade. Este conjunto de dados é ganza em um estudo sob o Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) esforço internacional concertado para atualizar o inventário de calor da Terra, e apresenta uma avaliação internacional atualizada das estimativas de aquecimento oceânico, e novas e atualizadas estimativas de ganho de calor na atmosfera, criosfera e terra durante o período 1960-2018. Alterações na versão 2: a) incertezas foram adicionadas e atualizadas no arquivo netcdf B) Teor de calor do oceano > 2 000 m de profundidade: atualização de uma série cronológica e, por conseguinte, média do conjunto revisto C) Conteúdo de calor atmosférico: atualização das séries cronológicas recebidas pelos peritos em 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere do calor disponível: atualização das séries cronológicas recebidas pelos peritos em 27.5.2020. e) alguns atributos foram adicionados para mais pormenores. „Топлина, съхранявана в земната система: Къде отива енергията?" съдържа постоянна дългосрочна инвентаризация на топлината на земната система за периода 1960—2018 г. Промените в атмосферния състав, предизвикани от човека, причиняват радиационен дисбаланс на върха на атмосферата, който води до глобалното затопляне. Този енергиен дисбаланс на Земята (EEI) е най-критичният брой, определящ перспективите за продължаване на глобалното затопляне и изменението на климата. Разбирането на топлината на земната система от тази натрупана топлина — и особено колко и къде топлината се разпределя в земната система — е от основно значение за разбирането как това се отразява на затоплянето на океаните, атмосферата и земята, повишаването на температурите и морското равнище, както и загубата на заземен и плаващ лед, които са основни грижи за обществото. Този набор от данни се основава на проучване в рамките на Глобалната система за наблюдение на климата (GCOS) съгласувани международни усилия за актуализиране на инвентара на топлината на Земята, и представя актуализирана международна оценка на прогнозите за затоплянето на океаните, както и нови и актуализирани оценки на топлината в атмосферата, криосферата и земята за периода 1960—2018 г. Промени във версия 2: а) Неопределености са добавени и актуализирани във файла netcdf Б) Съдържание на топлина в океана > 2 000 m дълбочина: актуализиране на един времеви ред и по този начин ревизирана средна стойност на ансамбъла В) Съдържание на атмосферна топлина: актуализиране на динамичните редове, получени от експертите на 29.5.2020 г. Г) Наличен топлинен цирошър: актуализиране на динамичните редове, получени от експертите на 27.5.2020 г. д) някои атрибути са добавени за повече подробности. “Sħana maħżuna fis-sistema tad-Dinja: Fejn tmur l-enerġija?" fiha inventarju konsistenti fit-tul tas-sħana tas-sistema tad-Dinja matul il-perjodu 1960–2018. Bidliet fil-kompożizzjoni atmosferika indotti mill-bniedem jikkawżaw żbilanċ radjattiv fil-quċċata tal-atmosfera li qed tixpruna t-tisħin globali. Dan l-Iżbilanċ fl-Enerġija tad-Dinja (EEI) huwa l-aktar numru kritiku li jiddefinixxi l-prospetti għat-tisħin globali kontinwu u t-tibdil fil-klima. Il-fehim taż-żieda fis-sħana tas-sistema tad-Dinja minn din is-sħana akkumulata — u speċjalment kemm u fejn is-sħana tiġi distribwita fis-sistema tad-Dinja — huwa fundamentali biex wieħed jifhem kif dan jaffettwa t-tisħin tal-oċeani, l-atmosfera u l-art, iż-żieda fit-temperaturi u l-livell tal-baħar, u t-telf ta’ silġ ertjat u li jżomm f’wiċċ l-ilma, li huma tħassib fundamentali għas-soċjetà. Dan is-sett ta’ data huwa bbażat fuq studju taħt l-isforz internazzjonali miftiehem tas-Sistema Globali għall-Osservazzjoni tal-Klima (GCOS) biex jiġi aġġornat l-inventarju tas-sħana tad-Dinja, u jippreżenta valutazzjoni internazzjonali aġġornata tal-istimi tat-tisħin tal-oċeani, u stimi ġodda u aġġornati taż-żieda fis-sħana fl-atmosfera, il-krijosfera u l-art matul il-perjodu 1960–2018. Bidliet fil-verżjoni 2: a) l-inċertezzi ġew miżjuda u aġġornati fil-fajl netcdf B) Il-kontenut tas-sħana fl-oċeani ta’ > 2 000 m fond: aġġornament ta’ serje kronoloġika waħda, u b’hekk medja riveduta ta’ ensemble C) Kontenut ta’ sħana atmosferika: aġġornament tas-serje kronoloġika kif riċevuta mill-esperti fid-29/05/2020 D) cyropshere tas-sħana disponibbli: aġġornament tas-serje kronoloġika kif riċevuta mill-esperti fis-27/05/2020. e) xi attributi ġew miżjuda għal aktar dettalji. „Ciepło przechowywane w systemie ziemskim: Dokąd zmierza energia?" zawiera spójny długoterminowy inwentaryzację ciepła w systemie Ziemi w latach 1960-2018. Wywołane przez człowieka zmiany składu atmosferycznego powodują brak równowagi radiacyjnej na szczycie atmosfery, który napędza globalne ocieplenie. Ta nierównowaga energetyczna Ziemi (EEI) jest najbardziej krytyczną liczbą definiującą perspektywy dalszego globalnego ocieplenia i zmiany klimatu. Zrozumienie przyrostu ciepła systemu ziemskiego z tego nagromadzonego ciepła – a zwłaszcza tego, ile i gdzie ciepło jest rozprowadzane w systemie ziemskim – ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla zrozumienia, w jaki sposób wpływa to na ocieplenie oceanów, atmosfery i lądu, wzrost temperatury i poziomu morza oraz utratę uziemionego i pływającego lodu, które są podstawowym problemem dla społeczeństwa. Ten zbiór danych opiera się na badaniu w ramach Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) uzgodnionych międzynarodowych wysiłków na rzecz aktualizacji inwentaryzacji ciepła Ziemi i przedstawia zaktualizowaną międzynarodową ocenę szacunków ocieplenia oceanów oraz nowe i zaktualizowane szacunki przyrostu ciepła w atmosferze, kriosferze i na lądzie w latach 1960-2018. Zmiany w wersji 2: a) niepewność została dodana i zaktualizowana w pliku netcdf B) Zawartość ciepła w oceanie > 2 000 m głębokości: aktualizacja jednego szeregu czasowego, a tym samym zmieniona średnia C) Zawartość ciepła atmosferycznego: aktualizacja szeregów czasowych otrzymanych przez ekspertów w dniu 29 maja 2020 r. D) Dostępna cyropshere ciepła: aktualizacja szeregów czasowych otrzymanych przez ekspertów w dniu 27 maja 2020 r. e) niektóre atrybuty zostały dodane, aby uzyskać więcej szczegółów.

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    Productividad del agua (producción primaria, pp en gCarbon.m-2.day-1 a 4 km de resolución): La producción primaria representa la cantidad de carbono orgánico producido a través de la fotosíntesis del fitoplancton. Es un elemento crítico del presupuesto de carbono de la Tierra y de la red alimentaria marina. La producción primaria integrada en profundidad se modela a partir de la concentración de biomasa de fitoplancton basada en satélites y el PAR. Waterproductiviteit (primaire productie, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 bij een resolutie van 4 km): De primaire productie vertegenwoordigt de hoeveelheid organische koolstof die wordt geproduceerd door middel van fytoplanktonfotosynthese. Het is een cruciaal element van het koolstofbudget van de aarde en het mariene voedselweb. De diepgeïntegreerde primaire productie wordt gemodelleerd van de satellietgebaseerde fytoplanktonbiomassaconcentratie en PAR. Il-produttività tal-ilma (produzzjoni primarja, pp f’gCarbon.m-2.day-1 b’riżoluzzjoni ta’ 4 km): Il-produzzjoni primarja tirrappreżenta l-ammont ta’ karbonju organiku prodott permezz tal-fotosinteżi tal-fitoplankton. Huwa element kritiku tal-baġit tal-karbonju tad-Dinja u tax-xibka tal-ikel tal-baħar. Il-produzzjoni primarja integrata fil-fond hija mmudellata mill-konċentrazzjoni tal-bijomassa tal-fitoplankton ibbażata fuq is-satellita u PAR. Productivité de l’eau (production primaire, pp dans gCarbon.m-2.day-1 à une résolution de 4 km): La production primaire représente la quantité de carbone organique produite par la photosynthèse phytoplancton. C’est un élément essentiel du budget carbone de la Terre et du réseau alimentaire marin. La production primaire intégrée en profondeur est modélisée à partir de la concentration de biomasse du phytoplancton par satellite et du PAR. Производителност на водата (първично производство, pp в gCarbon.m-2.day-1 при разделителна способност 4 km): Първичното производство представлява количеството органичен въглерод, произведен чрез фотосинтеза на фитопланктона. Това е критичен елемент от въглеродния бюджет на Земята и морската хранителна мрежа. Дълбочинно интегрирано първично производство е моделирано от сателитната концентрация на фитопланктоновата биомаса и PAR. Παραγωγικότητα του νερού (πρωτογενής παραγωγή, pp σε gCarbon.m-2.ημέρα-1 σε ανάλυση 4 km): Η πρωτογενής παραγωγή αντιπροσωπεύει την ποσότητα οργανικού άνθρακα που παράγεται μέσω φωτοσύνθεσης φυτοπλαγκτού. Είναι ένα κρίσιμο στοιχείο του προϋπολογισμού άνθρακα της Γης και του θαλάσσιου ιστού τροφίμων. Η ενσωματωμένη σε βάθος πρωτογενής παραγωγή διαμορφώνεται με βάση τη συγκέντρωση βιομάζας φυτοπλαγκτού μέσω δορυφόρου και την PAR. Produttività dell'acqua (produzione primaria, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 a risoluzione 4 km): La produzione primaria rappresenta la quantità di carbonio organico prodotto attraverso la fotosintesi del fitoplancton. È un elemento critico del bilancio del carbonio della Terra e della rete alimentare marina. La produzione primaria integrata in profondità è modellata dalla concentrazione satellitare di biomassa di fitoplancton e PAR. Wasserproduktivität (Primärproduktion, pp in gCarbon.m-2.day-1 bei 4 km Auflösung): Die Primärproduktion repräsentiert die Menge an organischem Kohlenstoff, der durch Phytoplankton-Photosynthese erzeugt wird. Es ist ein kritisches Element des CO2-Budgets der Erde und des marinen Nahrungsnetzes. Die tiefenintegrierte Primärproduktion wird aus der satellitengestützten Phytoplankton-Biomasse-Konzentration und PAR modelliert. Produtividade da água (produção primária, pp em gCarbon.m-2.day-1 com resolução de 4 km): A produção primária representa a quantidade de carbono orgânico produzido através da fotossíntese de fitoplâncton. É um elemento crítico do orçamento de carbono da Terra e da rede alimentar marinha. A produção primária integrada em profundidade é modelada a partir da concentração de biomassa de fitoplâncton por satélite e PAR. Продуктивність води (первинне виробництво, pp в gCarbon.m-2.day-1 при роздільній здатності 4км): Первинне виробництво являє собою кількість органічного вуглецю, отриманого шляхом фотосинтезу фітопланктону. Це важливий елемент вуглецевого бюджету Землі і морської продовольчої мережі. Глибина інтегрованого первинного виробництва моделюється з концентрації біомаси на основі супутника фітопланктону та PAR.

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    Średnia miesięczna temperatura powierzchni morza (w stopniach C przy rozdzielczości 4 km) pochodząca z czujnika PATHFINDER (dane satelitarnej teledetekcji barwy oceanu): Temperatura powierzchni morza to temperatura wody blisko powierzchni morza. SST jest standardowym produktem z satelitarnych czujników termicznych na podczerwień oraz czujników optycznych uzupełnionych pasmami podczerwieni. Średnia miesięczna temperatura powierzchni morza (w stopniach C przy rozdzielczości 4 km) pochodząca z czujnika PATHFINDER (dane satelitarnej teledetekcji barwy oceanu): Temperatura powierzchni morza to temperatura wody blisko powierzchni morza. SST jest standardowym produktem z satelitarnych czujników termicznych na podczerwień oraz czujników optycznych uzupełnionych pasmami podczerwieni. Température moyenne mensuelle de la surface de la mer (en degrés C à une résolution de 4 km) dérivée du capteur PATHFINDER (Télédétection satellite de la couleur de l’océan): La température de la surface de la mer est la température de l’eau près de la surface de la mer. SST est un produit standard à partir de capteurs infrarouges thermiques satellitaires, et de capteurs optiques complétés par des bandes infrarouges. Μηνιαία μέση θερμοκρασία επιφάνειας της θάλασσας (σε βαθμό-C σε ανάλυση 4 km) προερχόμενη από τον αισθητήρα PATHFINDER (Δορυφορικά δεδομένα χρώματος Ωκεανού τηλεπισκόπησης): Η θερμοκρασία επιφάνειας της θάλασσας είναι η θερμοκρασία του νερού κοντά στην επιφάνεια της θάλασσας. Το SST είναι ένα πρότυπο προϊόν από δορυφορικούς θερμικούς υπέρυθρους αισθητήρες και οπτικούς αισθητήρες που συμπληρώνονται με υπέρυθρες ζώνες. Temperatura media mensual de la superficie del mar (en grado C a una resolución de 4 km) derivada del sensor PATHFINDER (datos de color del océano de teledetección por satélite): La temperatura de la superficie del mar es la temperatura del agua cerca de la superficie del mar. SST es un producto estándar de sensores infrarrojos térmicos basados en satélites, y sensores ópticos complementados con bandas infrarrojas. Месечна средна температура на морската повърхност (в градус-C при разделителна способност 4 km), получена от сензора PATHFINDER (Сателитна дистанционна сензорна информация за цветовете на океана): Температурата на морската повърхност е температурата на водата в близост до морската повърхност. SST е стандартен продукт от сателитни термоинфрачервени сензори и оптични сензори, допълнени с инфрачервени ленти. Meánteocht mhíosúil dhromchla na farraige (i gcéim-C ag taifeach 4 km) a dhíorthaítear ón mbraiteoir PATHFINDER (sonraí cianbhraiteachta satailíte maidir le dath an Aigéin): Is é teocht dhromchla na farraige teocht an uisce gar do dhromchla na farraige. Is táirge caighdeánach é SST ó bhraiteoirí infridhearg teirmeacha atá bunaithe ar shatailítí, agus braiteoirí optúla arna gcomhlánú le bandaí infridhearg. Mėnesio vidutinė jūros paviršiaus temperatūra (C laipsniais esant 4 km skyrai), gauta iš PATHFINDER jutiklio (palydovinio nuotolinio stebėjimo vandenyno spalvų duomenys): Jūros paviršiaus temperatūra yra vandens temperatūra arti jūros paviršiaus. SST yra standartinis produktas iš palydovinių šiluminių infraraudonųjų spindulių jutiklių ir optinių jutiklių, papildytų infraraudonųjų spindulių juostomis. It-temperatura medja fix-xahar tas-superfiċje tal-baħar (fi grad-C b’riżoluzzjoni ta’ 4 km) derivata mis-sensur PATHFINDER (data tal-kulur tal-Oċean tat-telerilevament bis-satellita): It-temperatura tal-wiċċ tal-baħar hija t-temperatura tal-ilma qrib wiċċ il-baħar. L-SST huwa prodott standard minn sensuri infraħomor termali bbażati fuq is-satellita, u sensuri ottiċi kumplimentati b’faxex infra-aħmar. Temperatura media mensile della superficie del mare (in grado C a risoluzione di 4 km) derivata dal sensore PATHFINDER (Satellite telerilevamento dati del colore dell'oceano): La temperatura superficiale del mare è la temperatura dell'acqua vicino alla superficie del mare. SST è un prodotto standard da sensori termici a infrarossi satellitari e sensori ottici integrati con bande a infrarossi. Monatliche mittlere Meeresoberflächentemperatur (in Grad-C bei 4 km Auflösung), abgeleitet vom PATHFINDER-Sensor (Satellitenfernerkundung Ozeanfarbdaten): Meeresoberflächentemperatur ist die Temperatur des Wassers in der Nähe der Meeresoberfläche. SST ist ein Standardprodukt von satellitengestützten thermischen Infrarotsensoren und optischen Sensoren, die durch Infrarotbänder ergänzt werden.

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    The datasets contain hourly capacity factors for a PV plant with 394 kWp capacity and a windpower facility with 800 kWp capacity. The demand profile provided contains houlrly consumption data (kWh) of Auroville. All these datasets have been used to generate the results that can be found in D6.1 and D6.2.

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    ZENODO
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    Αυτή η μελέτη διερευνά την άμεση σχέση μεταξύ ενός δείκτη βιομάζας μεσοζοζοπλαγκτού, που προέρχεται από την έρευνα Continuous Plankton Recorder και των δορυφορικών μετωπικών χαρακτηριστικών παραγωγικότητας στον Βόρειο Ατλαντικό. Η ποιότητα του ημερήσιου ενδιαιτήματος σίτισης για τα συνηθέστερα είδη μεσοζοπλαγκτού σχετίζεται με την οριζόντια χλωροφύλλη — μια κλίση που προέρχεται από δορυφορικούς αισθητήρες χρώματος των ωκεανών. ΠΕΡΙΣΣΟΤΕΡΕΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΕΣ: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, δημοσίευση που αξιολογήθηκε από ομοτίμους: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Diese Studie untersucht den direkten Zusammenhang zwischen einem Index von Mesozooplankton-Biomasse, abgeleitet aus der Continuous Plankton Recorder-Vermessung und satellitengestützten Produktivitätsfrontmerkmalen im Nordatlantik. Die Qualität des täglichen Futterlebensraums für die häufigsten Arten von Mesozooplankton hängt mit dem horizontalen Chlorophyll zusammen – einem Gradienten, der von Satellitensensoren mit Meeresfarbe abgeleitet wird. Weitere Informationen: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, Peer-reviewed Publikation: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Dan l-istudju jinvestiga l-assoċjazzjoni diretta bejn indiċi tal-bijomassa mesozooplankton, derivat mill-istħarriġ Plankton Recorder Kontinwu u karatteristiċi frontali tal-produttività derivati mis-satellita fl-Atlantiku tat-Tramuntana. Il-kwalità tal-ħabitat tal-għalf ta’ kuljum għall-ispeċijiet l-aktar komuni ta’ mesozooplankton hija relatata mal-gradjent orizzontali tal-klorofilla-a derivat minn sensuri satellitari ta’ kulur oċeaniku. Għal aktar tagħrif: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, pubblikazzjoni riveduta mill-pari: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Cette étude étudie l’association directe entre un indice de biomasse mésozoooplancton, dérivé de l’étude Continuous Plancton Recorder et des caractéristiques frontales de productivité dérivées des satellites dans l’Atlantique Nord. La qualité de l’habitat d’alimentation quotidienne des espèces les plus courantes de mésozooplancton est liée à la chlorophylle horizontale, un gradient dérivé de capteurs satellites de couleur océanique. Plus d’informations: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publication révisée par les pairs: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Imscrúdaíonn an staidéar seo an comhlachas díreach idir innéacs bithmhaise mesozooplankton, a dhíorthaítear ón suirbhé Leanúnach Plankton Recorder agus gnéithe tosaigh táirgiúlachta a dhíorthaítear ó shatailítí san Atlantach Thuaidh. Baineann cáilíocht na gnáthóige beathaithe laethúla do na speicis is coitianta de mhosozooplankton leis an ngrádán cothrománach a dhíorthaítear ó bhraiteoirí satailíte de dhath na n-aigéan. Tuilleadh eolais: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, foilseachán a ndearnadh athbhreithniú piaraí air: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Este estudio investiga la asociación directa entre un índice de biomasa mesozooplancton, derivado de la encuesta Continuous Plankton Recorder y características frontales de productividad derivadas de satélites en el Atlántico Norte. La calidad del hábitat de alimentación diaria para las especies más comunes de mesozooplancton está relacionada con la clorofila horizontal, un gradiente derivado de sensores satelitales de color oceánico. Más información: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicación revisada por pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Questo studio indaga l'associazione diretta tra un indice di biomassa mesozooplancton, derivato dall'indagine Continuous Plankton Recorder e le caratteristiche frontali di produttività derivate dai satelliti nel Nord Atlantico. La qualità dell'habitat alimentare giornaliero per le specie più comuni di mesozooplancton è correlata alla clorofilla orizzontale, un gradiente derivato dai sensori satellitari di colore dell'oceano. Per maggiori informazioni: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, pubblicazione peer-reviewed: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Acest studiu investighează asocierea directă dintre un indice al biomasei mezozooplanctonice, derivat din studiul Continuous Plankton Recorder și caracteristicile frontale de productivitate derivate din satelit în Atlanticul de Nord. Calitatea habitatului zilnic de hrănire pentru cele mai comune specii de mezozooplancton este legată de clorofila orizontală – un gradient derivat din senzorii sateliți de culoare oceanică. Mai multe informații: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicație revizuită inter pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Deze studie onderzoekt de directe associatie tussen een index van mesozooplankton biomassa, afgeleid van de Continuous Plankton Recorder survey en satelliet-afgeleide productiviteit frontale kenmerken in de Noord-Atlantische Oceaan. De kwaliteit van de dagelijkse voeding habitat voor de meest voorkomende soorten mesozooplankton is gerelateerd aan de horizontale chlorofyl-een gradiënt afgeleid van satellietsensoren van oceaankleur. Meer informatie: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, Peer-reviewed publicatie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2 Este estudo investiga a associação direta entre um índice de biomassa mesozooplâncton, derivado do estudo Continuous Plankton Recorder e características frontais de produtividade derivadas por satélite no Atlântico Norte. A qualidade do habitat alimentar diário para as espécies mais comuns de mesozooplâncton está relacionada com o gradiente horizontal de clorofila-um derivado de sensores de satélite de cor oceânica. Mais informações: https://fishreg.jrc.ec.europa.eu/fish-habitat, publicação revista pelos pares: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41212-2

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    Les valeurs quotidiennes de la température moyenne, minimale, maximale et totale de la simulation des changements climatiques transitoires METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 pour la période 1961-2099 ont été corrigées pour tenir compte des biais selon Dosio et Paruolo, 2011: Correction des biais des projections à haute résolution du changement climatique ENSEMBLES pour utilisation par les modèles d’impact: Évaluation du climat actuel, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Ces données ont été produites à partir d’une simulation transitoire du changement climatique pour la période 1951-2099 pilotée par le modèle global couplé HadCM3Q0 du U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre selon le scénario de marqueur SRES A1B. 121 champs météorologiques différents sont stockés dans la base de données de cette simulation; parmi ceux-ci, 7 sont sauvés 4 fois par jour, 4 sont sauvés deux fois par jour, et le reste est sauvé une fois par jour. Cette simulation a été réalisée dans le cadre du thème de recherche 3 (RT3) du projet EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Des informations sur les simulations peuvent être consultées à l’adresse http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, dans le numéro spécial 44 de Climate Research (2010), ou dans le rapport final ENSEMBLES disponible à l’adresse http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Lignée: Les données de simulation d’un modèle climatique numérique régional avec des conditions latérales et de surface de la mer déterminées à partir de la sortie du modèle global couplé HadCM30. La simulation a été réalisée au U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) avec le modèle climatique régional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Les valeurs quotidiennes de la température moyenne, minimale, maximale et des précipitations totales issues de cette simulation ont été corrigées pour tenir compte des biais selon Dosio et Paruolo, 2011: Correction des biais des projections à haute résolution du changement climatique ENSEMBLES pour utilisation par les modèles d’impact: Évaluation du climat actuel, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 I valori giornalieri di temperatura media, minima, massima e precipitazione totale dalla simulazione transitoria dei cambiamenti climatici METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 per il periodo 1961-2099 sono stati corretti per le distorsioni secondo Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correzione di bias delle proiezioni dei cambiamenti climatici ad alta risoluzione ENSEMBLES per l'uso da modelli di impatto: Valutazione del clima attuale, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Questi dati sono stati prodotti da una simulazione transitoria del cambiamento climatico per il periodo 1951-2099 guidata dal modello globale accoppiato HadCM3Q0 del Regno Unito Met Office Hadley Centre secondo lo scenario di marcatore SRES A1B. 121 diversi campi meteorologici sono memorizzati nella banca dati da questa simulazione; di questi, 7 vengono salvati 4 volte al giorno, 4 vengono salvati due volte al giorno e il resto viene salvato una volta al giorno. Questa simulazione è stata realizzata nell'ambito del tema di ricerca 3 (RT3) del progetto ENSEMBLES del 6º PQ dell'UE (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Le informazioni sulle simulazioni sono reperibili all'indirizzo http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, nel numero speciale 44 della ricerca sul clima (2010), oppure nella relazione finale ENSEMBLES disponibile all'indirizzo http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Il lignaggio: Dati di simulazione da un modello climatico numerico regionale con condizioni laterali e di superficie marina determinate dalla produzione del modello globale accoppiato HadCM30. La simulazione è stata prodotta presso il Met Office Hadley Centre del Regno Unito (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) con il modello climatico regionale HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). I valori giornalieri di temperatura media, minima, massima e precipitazione totale di questa simulazione sono stati corretti per le distorsioni secondo Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correzione di bias delle proiezioni dei cambiamenti climatici ad alta risoluzione ENSEMBLES per l'uso da modelli di impatto: Valutazione del clima attuale, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Οι ημερήσιες τιμές μέσης, ελάχιστης, μέγιστης θερμοκρασίας και συνολικής βροχόπτωσης από την προσομοίωση παροδικής κλιματικής αλλαγής METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 για την περίοδο 1961-2099 διορθώθηκαν για προκαταλήψεις σύμφωνα με το Dosio και το Paruolo, 2011: Διόρθωση μεροληψίας των προβλέψεων για την κλιματική αλλαγή υψηλής ανάλυσης ENSEMBLES για χρήση από μοντέλα επιπτώσεων: Αξιολόγηση του σημερινού κλίματος, J. Geophys. Απόφ., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Αυτά τα δεδομένα έχουν παραχθεί από μια παροδική προσομοίωση της κλιματικής αλλαγής για την περίοδο 1951-2099, καθοδηγούμενη από το συνδεδεμένο παγκόσμιο μοντέλο HadCM3Q0 του Κέντρου Hadley του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, σύμφωνα με το σενάριο δείκτη SRES A1B. 121 διαφορετικά μετεωρολογικά πεδία αποθηκεύονται στη βάση δεδομένων από αυτή την προσομοίωση· από αυτά, 7 σώζονται 4 φορές την ημέρα, 4 σώζονται δύο φορές την ημέρα, και τα υπόλοιπα σώζονται μία φορά την ημέρα. Η προσομοίωση αυτή έχει παραχθεί στο πλαίσιο του ερευνητικού θέματος 3 (RT3) του έργου ENSEMBLES της ΕΕ για το 6ο ΠΠ (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις προσομοιώσεις διατίθενται στη διεύθυνση http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, στο ειδικό τεύχος 44 της έρευνας για το κλίμα (2010), ή στην τελική έκθεση ENSEMBLES που διατίθεται στη διεύθυνση http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Γενεαλογία: Δεδομένα προσομοίωσης από ένα περιφερειακό αριθμητικό κλιματικό μοντέλο με πλευρικές και θαλάσσιες συνθήκες που καθορίζονται από την παραγωγή του συνδεδεμένου παγκόσμιου μοντέλου HadCM30. Η προσομοίωση παρήχθη στο Κέντρο Hadley του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) με το περιφερειακό κλιματικό μοντέλο HadRM3. (UUID): 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Οι ημερήσιες τιμές μέσης, ελάχιστης, μέγιστης θερμοκρασίας και συνολικής βροχόπτωσης από αυτή την προσομοίωση διορθώθηκαν για προκαταλήψεις σύμφωνα με το Dosio και το Paruolo, 2011: Διόρθωση μεροληψίας των προβλέψεων για την κλιματική αλλαγή υψηλής ανάλυσης ENSEMBLES για χρήση από μοντέλα επιπτώσεων: Αξιολόγηση του σημερινού κλίματος, J. Geophys. Απόφ., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Valorile zilnice ale temperaturilor medii, minime, maxime și ale precipitațiilor totale rezultate în urma simulării temporare a schimbărilor climatice METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 pentru perioada 1961-2099 au fost corectate în funcție de prejudecățile prevăzute de Dosio și Paruolo, 2011: Corecția părtinitoare a previziunilor ENSEMBLES privind schimbările climatice de înaltă rezoluție pentru a fi utilizate de modelele de impact: Evaluarea climatului actual, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Aceste date au fost obținute dintr-o simulare tranzitorie a schimbărilor climatice pentru perioada 1951-2099, bazată pe modelul global cuplat HadCM3Q0 al Centrului Hadley din Marea Britanie, conform scenariului marker SRES A1B. 121 de câmpuri meteorologice diferite sunt stocate în baza de date din această simulare; dintre acestea, 7 sunt salvate de 4 ori pe zi, 4 sunt salvate de două ori pe zi, iar restul sunt salvate o dată pe zi. Această simulare a fost realizată ca parte a temei de cercetare 3 (RT3) a proiectului EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Informații privind simulările pot fi găsite la adresa http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, în numărul special 44 al cercetării climatice (2010), sau în raportul final ENSEMBLES disponibil la adresa http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Linie de linie: Date de simulare dintr-un model climatic numeric regional cu condiții laterale și de suprafață marină determinate de rezultatul modelului global cuplat HadCM30. Simularea a fost realizată la U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) cu modelul climatic regional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Valorile zilnice ale temperaturilor medii, minime, maxime și ale precipitațiilor totale rezultate în urma acestei simulări au fost corectate pentru erori în conformitate cu Dosio și Paruolo, 2011: Corecția părtinitoare a previziunilor ENSEMBLES privind schimbările climatice de înaltă rezoluție pentru a fi utilizate de modelele de impact: Evaluarea climatului actual, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Il-valuri ta’ kuljum tat-temperatura medja, minima, massima u preċipitazzjoni totali mis-simulazzjoni temporanja tat-tibdil fil-klima METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 għall-perjodu 1961–2099 ġew ikkoreġuti għall-preġudizzji skont Dosio u Paruolo, 2011: Korrezzjoni tal-preġudizzju tal-projezzjonijiet b’riżoluzzjoni għolja ENSEMBLES dwar it-tibdil fil-klima għall-użu mill-mudelli tal-impatt: Evalwazzjoni dwar il-klima preżenti, J. Geophys. Riż., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Din id-data ġiet prodotta minn simulazzjoni temporanja tat-tibdil fil-klima għall-perjodu 1951–2099 xprunata mill-mudell globali akkoppjat HadCM3Q0 taċ-Ċentru Hadley tal-Uffiċċju tar-Renju Unit skont ix-xenarju tal-markatur A1B tas-SRES. 121 kamp meteoroloġiku differenti huma maħżuna fil-bażi tad-data minn din is-simulazzjoni; minn dawn, 7 jiġu ffrankati 4 darbiet kuljum, 4 jiġu ffrankati darbtejn kuljum, u l-bqija jiġi ffrankat darba kuljum. Din is-simulazzjoni ġiet prodotta bħala parti mit-Tema ta’ Riċerka 3 (RT3) tal-proġett tal-FP6 tal-UE ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). L-informazzjoni dwar is-simulazzjonijiet tinsab fuq http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, fil-ħarġa speċjali 44 tar-Riċerka dwar il-Klima (2010), jew fir-rapport finali tal-ENSEMBLES disponibbli fuq http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Nisel: Data ta’ simulazzjoni minn mudell numeriku reġjonali tal-klima b’kundizzjonijiet laterali u tal-wiċċ tal-baħar iddeterminati mill-output tal-mudell globali akkoppjat HadCM30. Is-simulazzjoni ġiet prodotta fiċ-Ċentru tar-Renju Unit għall-Met Office Hadley (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) bil-mudell klimatiku reġjonali HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30–11e1–9105–0017085a97ab). Valuri ta’ kuljum ta’ temperatura medja, minima, massima u preċipitazzjoni totali minn din is-simulazzjoni ġew ikkoreġuti għal preġudizzji skont Dosio u Paruolo, 2011: Korrezzjoni tal-preġudizzju tal-projezzjonijiet b’riżoluzzjoni għolja ENSEMBLES dwar it-tibdil fil-klima għall-użu mill-mudelli tal-impatt: Evalwazzjoni dwar il-klima preżenti, J. Geophys. Riż., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Os valores diários de média, mínima, temperatura máxima e precipitação total da simulação de mudanças climáticas transitórias METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 para o período 1961-2099 foram corrigidos para vieses de acordo com Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correção dos desvios das projeções ENSEMBLES em matéria de alterações climáticas de alta resolução para utilização por modelos de impacto: Avaliação do clima atual, J. Geophys. Resolução 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Esses dados foram produzidos a partir de uma simulação transitória de mudanças climáticas para o período 1951-2099, impulsionada pelo modelo global acoplado HadCM3Q0 do U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre de acordo com o cenário de marcador SRES A1B. A partir desta simulação, são armazenados 121 campos meteorológicos diferentes na base de dados; destes, 7 são salvos 4 vezes por dia, 4 são salvos duas vezes por dia, e o resto é salvo uma vez por dia. Esta simulação foi produzida no âmbito do tema de investigação 3 (RT3) do projeto ENSEMBLES do 6.º PQ da UE (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). As informações sobre as simulações podem ser consultadas em http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, no número especial 44 da investigação climática (2010) ou no relatório final ENSEMBLES, disponível em http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Linhagem: Dados de simulação de um modelo climático numérico regional com condições laterais e de superfície do mar determinadas a partir da saída do modelo global acoplado HadCM30. A simulação foi produzida no Reino Unido Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) com o modelo climático regional HadRM3. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Os valores diários de média, mínimo, temperatura máxima e precipitação total desta simulação foram corrigidos para vieses de acordo com Dosio e Paruolo, 2011: Correção dos desvios das projeções ENSEMBLES em matéria de alterações climáticas de alta resolução para utilização por modelos de impacto: Avaliação do clima atual, J. Geophys. Resolução 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Ceartaíodh luachanna laethúla na meán, na híosteochta, na huasteochta agus na frasaíochta iomláine ó insamhalta athrú aeráide neamhbhuan METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 don tréimhse 1961-2099 i gcás claontachtaí de réir Dosio agus Paruolo, 2011: Ceartú claontachta ar réamh-mheastacháin ardtaifigh ENSEMBLES maidir leis an athrú aeráide lena n-úsáid de réir samhlacha tionchair: Meastóireacht ar an aeráid reatha, J. Geophys. RS., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Táirgeadh na sonraí seo ó ionsamhlú díomuan um athrú aeráide don tréimhse 1951-2099 arna thiomáint ag an tsamhail dhomhanda chúpláilte HadCM3Q0 de chuid Ionad Hadley Office Hadley de réir chás marcála SRES A1B. Stóráiltear 121 réimse meitéareolaíochta éagsúla sa bhunachar sonraí ón ionsamhlú sin; díobh seo, 7 a shábháil 4 huaire sa lá, 4 a shábháil faoi dhó sa lá, agus tá an chuid eile a shábháil uair sa lá. Táirgeadh an t-ionsamhlú sin mar chuid de Théama Taighde 3 (RT3) de thionscadal EU FP6 ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Is féidir teacht ar fhaisnéis faoi na hionsamhlúcháin ag http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, san eagrán speisialta 44 de Thaighde Aeráide (2010), nó sa tuarascáil deiridh ENSEMBLES atá ar fáil ag http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Líneáil: Sonraí ionsamhlúcháin ó shamhail réigiúnach uimhriúil aeráide ina bhfuil coinníollacha cliathánacha agus dromchla farraige arna gcinneadh ó aschur shamhail dhomhanda chúpláilte HadCM30. Táirgeadh an t-ionsamhlú ag Ionad Hadley an U.K. Met Office (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) leis an tsamhail aeráide réigiúnach HadRM3. MINICÍOCHT UISCE: FLÚIRSEACH 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Ceartaíodh luachanna laethúla an mheáin, na híosteochta, na huasteochta agus na frasaíochta iomláine ón ionsamhlúchán seo i gcás claontachtaí de réir Dosio agus Paruolo, 2011: Ceartú claontachta ar réamh-mheastacháin ardtaifigh ENSEMBLES maidir leis an athrú aeráide lena n-úsáid de réir samhlacha tionchair: Meastóireacht ar an aeráid reatha, J. Geophys. RS., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Dagelijkse waarden van gemiddelde, minimum, maximumtemperatuur en totale neerslag uit de METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 transiënte klimaatsimulatie voor de periode 1961-2099 zijn gecorrigeerd voor vooroordelen volgens Dosio en Paruolo, 2011: Vooringenomenheidscorrectie van de ENSEMBLES-projecties inzake klimaatverandering met hoge resolutie voor gebruik door impactmodellen: Evaluatie van het huidige klimaat, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Deze gegevens zijn geproduceerd uit een transiënte klimaatsimulatie voor de periode 1951-2099, aangedreven door het gekoppelde wereldwijde model HadCM3Q0 van het Britse Met Office Hadley Centre volgens het SRES A1B-markerscenario. 121 verschillende meteorologische velden worden opgeslagen in de databank van deze simulatie; daarvan worden er 7 4 keer per dag gered, 4 worden twee keer per dag gered en de rest wordt één keer per dag bewaard. Deze simulatie is geproduceerd als onderdeel van onderzoeksthema 3 (RT3) van het EU FP6-project ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Informatie over de simulaties is te vinden op http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, in het speciale nummer 44 van Climate Research (2010), of in het eindverslag ENSEMBLES, beschikbaar op http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Afstamming: Simulatiegegevens van een regionaal numeriek klimaatmodel met zij- en zeeoppervlakomstandigheden, bepaald aan de hand van de output van het HadCM30-gekoppelde globale model. De simulatie werd geproduceerd in het Britse Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) met het regionale klimaatmodel HadRM3. (UUID): 6df3c95b-5e30-11e1-9105-0017085a97ab). Dagelijkse waarden van gemiddelde, minimum, maximumtemperatuur en totale neerslag van deze simulatie zijn gecorrigeerd voor biases volgens Dosio en Paruolo, 2011: Vooringenomenheidscorrectie van de ENSEMBLES-projecties inzake klimaatverandering met hoge resolutie voor gebruik door impactmodellen: Evaluatie van het huidige klimaat, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 Дневните стойности на средната, минималната, максималната температура и общите валежи от симулацията на преходно изменение на климата METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 за периода 1961—2099 г. са коригирани за отклонения съгласно Dosio и Paruolo, 2011 г.: Корекция на предубежденията на прогнозите за изменението на климата с висока резолюция на ENSEMBLES за използване от модели на въздействие: Оценка на настоящия климат, J. Geophys. Рез., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Тези данни са получени от преходна симулация на изменението на климата за периода 1951—2099 г., задвижвана от свързания глобален модел HadCM3Q0 на U.K. Met Office Hadley Centre, според сценария за маркер SRES A1B. 121 различни метеорологични полета се съхраняват в базата данни от тази симулация; от тях 7 се спестяват 4 пъти дневно, 4 се записват два пъти дневно, а останалите се пестят веднъж дневно. Тази симулация е изготвена като част от научноизследователската тема 3 (RT3) на проекта на ЕС по 6РП ENSEMBLES (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). Информация за симулациите може да бъде намерена на адрес http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/, в специален брой 44 от Изследванията в областта на климата (2010 г.) или в окончателния доклад на ENSEMBLES, достъпен на адрес http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf. Родословна линия: Симулационни данни от регионален цифров климатичен модел с напречни и морски повърхностни условия, определени от продукцията на глобалния модел HadCM30. Симулацията е произведена в британския Met Office Hadley Centre (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) с регионалния климатичен модел HadRM3. (UID: 6df3c95b-5e30—11e1—9105—0017085a97ab). Дневните стойности на средната, минималната, максималната температура и общите валежи от тази симулация са коригирани за отклонения съгласно Dosio и Paruolo, 2011 г.: Корекция на предубежденията на прогнозите за изменението на климата с висока резолюция на ENSEMBLES за използване от модели на въздействие: Оценка на настоящия климат, J. Geophys. Рез., 116, D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934 A METO-HC HadRM3-HadCM3 tranziens éghajlatváltozási szimulációból származó átlagos, minimális, maximális hőmérsékleti és teljes csapadék napi értékeit az 1961–2099-es időszakra korrigálták a Dosio és Paruolo 2011-es adatai szerint: Az ENSEMBLES nagy felbontású éghajlat-változási előrejelzéseinek torzításkorrekciója a hatásmodellek általi felhasználás tekintetében: Értékelés a jelenlegi éghajlatról, J. Geophys. Res. 116., D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934. Ezek az adatok az 1951–2099 közötti átmeneti éghajlat-változási szimulációból származnak, amelyet az Egyesült Királyság Met Office Hadley Centre kapcsolt globális modellje, a HadCM3Q0 hajtott az SRES A1B marker forgatókönyve szerint. Ebből a szimulációból 121 különböző meteorológiai mezőt tárolnak az adatbázisban; ezek közül 7-et naponta 4 alkalommal, 4-et naponta kétszer, a többit naponta egyszer mentünk el. Ez a szimuláció az EU 6. keretprogram ENSEMBLES projektjének 3. kutatási témája (RT3) részeként készült (http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/). A szimulációkra vonatkozó információk megtalálhatók a http://ensemblesrt3.dmi.dk/ címen az Éghajlatkutatás (2010) 44. számában vagy az ENSEMBLES zárójelentésében, amely a http://http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com/docs/Ensembles_final_report_Nov09.pdf címen érhető el. Születési hely: Szimulációs adatok egy regionális numerikus éghajlati modellből oldal- és tengerfelszíni feltételekkel, amelyeket a HadCM30 kapcsolt globális modelljének kimenetéből határoztak meg. A szimuláció az Egyesült Királyság Met Office Hadley Központjában készült (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/resources/hadley) a HadRM3 regionális klímamodellel. (UUID: 6df3c95b-5e30–11e1–9105–0017085a97ab). Az ebből a szimulációból származó átlag, minimum, maximális hőmérséklet és teljes csapadék napi értékeit korrigálták a Dosio és Paruolo 2011-es jelentése szerint: Az ENSEMBLES nagy felbontású éghajlat-változási előrejelzéseinek torzításkorrekciója a hatásmodellek általi felhasználás tekintetében: Értékelés a jelenlegi éghajlatról, J. Geophys. Res. 116., D16106, DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015934

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    Authors: Cresswell, Anna; Renton, Michael; Langlois, Timothy; Thomson, Damian; +2 Authors

    # Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances\_Table S1 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57gz) The dataset provides a summary of all publications included in the analysis for this study and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the analyses. The dataset includes details about the publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications. Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. ## Description of the data and file structure Each column provides the following information: | Column | Detail | | ------ | ------ | | Realm | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Province | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Ecoregion | All studies were assigned to an ‘ecoregion’, ‘province’ and ‘realm’ based on their spatial location in Spalding et al. (2007)’s spatial classification system for coastal and shelf waters. | | Unique study identifier | Unique identifiers for the lowest sampling unit in the dataset. In cases where there were data for different regions, reefs, islands/atolls, sites, reef zones, depths, and/or multiple disturbances within a publication or time-series, data from these publications were divided into separate ‘studies’. | | Publication/Dataset | Unique identifiers for the publication or dataset (generally the surname of the first author followed by the year of publication). | | Publication title | Title of the publication or dataset from which the data were sourced. | | Publication year | Year the publication from the which the data were sourced was published. | | Country/Territory | Name of the country or location from which the data came. | | Site latitude | Latitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Site longitude | Longitude of the study site from where the data came. | | Disturbance type | Classification of disturbance: Temperature stress, Cyclone/ severe storm, Runoff or Multiple. | | Disturbance.year | Year of the disturbance. | | Mean coral cover pre-disturbance | Pre-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Mean coral cover post-disturbance | Post-disturbance coral cover as extracted from the publication or dataset as the closest data point prior to disturbance. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Impact (lnRR) | Impact measure: the log response ratio of pre- to post-disturbance percentage coral cover. If there is an NA value in this column then there was no pre-disturbance data available and a measure of impact was not calculated. | | Time-averaged recovery rate | Recovery rate as percentage coral cover per year in the approximate 5-year time window following disturbance. See main Methods text in manuscript for more detail. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in the calculation of recovery rate. | | Recovery shape | Recovery shape category: linear, accelerating, decelerating, logistic, flatline or null. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Recovery completeness | Recovery completeness category: complete recovery – coral is observed to reach its pre-disturbance coral cover, signs of recovery – a positive trajectory but not reaching pre-disturbance cover in the time period examined, undetermined – no clear pattern in recovery, the null model was the top model, no recovery – the null model was the top model but the linear model had slope and standard error in slope near zero and further decline – the top model had a negative trend. If there is an NA value in this column then the available time-series following disturbance did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in classification of recovery shape. | | Reference | Source for the data. | ## Sharing/Access information Data was derived from the following sources: **Appendix 1. Full list of references providing the data used in impact and recovery analyses supporting Table S1** Arceo, H. O., Quibilan, M. C., Aliño, P. M., Lim, G., & Licuanan, W. Y. (2001). Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs: Coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies. Bulletin of Marine Science, 69(2), 579-593. Aronson, R. B., Precht, W. F., Toscano, M. A., & Koltes, K. H. (2002). The 1998 bleaching event and its aftermath on a coral reef in Belize. Marine Biology, 141(3), 435-447. Aronson, R. B., Sebens, K. P., & Ebersole, J. P. (1994). Hurricane Hugo's impact on Salt River submarine canyon, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993, 189-195. Bahr, K. D., Rodgers, K. S., & Jokiel, P. L. (2017). Impact of three bleaching events on the reef resiliency of Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4(DEC). Baird, A. H., Álvarez-Noriega, M., Cumbo, V. R., Connolly, S. R., Dornelas, M., & Madin, J. S. (2018). Effects of tropical storms on the demography of reef corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 606, 29-38. Barranco, L. M., Carriquiry, J. D., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F. A., Cupul-Magaña, A. L., Villaescusa, J. A., & Calderón-Aguilera, L. E. (2016). Spatiotemporal variations of live coral cover in the Northern Mesoamerican reef system, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Scientia Marina, 80(2), 143-150. Bastidas, C., Bone, D., Croquer, A., Debrot, D., Garcia, E., Humanes, A., . . . Rodríguez, S. (2012). Massive hard coral loss after a severe bleaching event in 2010 at Los Roques, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 60(SUPPL. 1), 29-37. 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Ridgway, T., Inostroza, K., Synnot, L., Trapon, M., Twomey, L., & Westera, M. (2016). Temporal patterns of coral cover in the offshore Pilbara, Western Australia. Marine Biology, 163(9). Riegl, B. (2002). Effects of the 1996 and 1998 positive sea-surface temperature anomalies on corals, coral diseases and fish in the Arabian Gulf (Dubai, UAE). Marine Biology, 140(1), 29-40. Rioja-Nieto, R., Chiappa-Carrara, X., & Sheppard, C. (2012). Effects of hurricanes on the stability of reef-associated landscapes. Ciencias Marinas, 38(1), 47-55. Rogers, C. S., Gilnack, M., & Fitz Iii, H. C. (1983). Monitoring of coral reefs with linear transects: A study of storm damage. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 66(3), 285-300. Rousseau, Y., Galzin, R., & Maréchal, J. P. (2010). Impact of hurricane Dean on coral reef benthic and fish structure of Martinique, French West Indies. Cybium, 34(3), 243-256. Russ, G. R., & Leahy, S. M. (2017). Rapid decline and decadal-scale recovery of corals and Chaetodon butterflyfish on Philippine coral reefs. Marine Biology, 164(1). Ruzicka, R. R., Colella, M. A., Porter, J. W., Morrison, J. M., Kidney, J. A., Brinkhuis, V., . . . Colee, J. (2013). Temporal changes in benthic assemblages on Florida Keys reefs 11 years after the 1997/1998 El Niño. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 489, 125-141. Sheppard, C. R. C. (1999). Coral decline and weather patterns over 20 years in the Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Ambio, 28(6), 472-478. Shulman, M. J., & Robertson, D. R. (1996). Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs, 15(4), 231-236. Smith, T. B., Brandt, M. E., Calnan, J. M., Nemeth, R. S., Blondeau, J., Kadison, E., . . . Rothenberger, P. (2013). Convergent mortality responses of Caribbean coral species to seawater warming. Ecosphere, 4(7). Steneck, R. S., Arnold, S. N., Boenish, R., de León, R., Mumby, P. J., Rasher, D. B., & Wilson, M. W. (2019). Managing Recovery Resilience in Coral Reefs Against Climate-Induced Bleaching and Hurricanes: A 15 Year Case Study From Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(265). Stobart, B., Teleki, K., Buckley, R., Downing, N., & Callow, M. (2005). Coral recovery at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles: Five years after the 1998 bleaching event. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363(1826), 251-255. Torda, G., Sambrook, K., Cross, P., Sato, Y., Bourne, D. G., Lukoschek, V., . . . Willis, B. L. (2018). Decadal erosion of coral assemblages by multiple disturbances in the Palm Islands, central Great Barrier Reef. Scientific Reports, 8(1). Trapon, M. L., Pratchett, M. S., & Penin, L. (2011). Comparative effects of different disturbances in coral reef habitats in Moorea, French Polynesia. Journal of Marine Biology, 2011. Tsounis, G., & Edmunds, P. J. (2017). Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: A contrast of scleractinians and octocorals. Ecosphere, 8(1). Van Woesik, R., De Vantier, L. M., & Glazebrook, J. S. (1995). Effects of Cyclone "Joy' on nearshore coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 128(1-3), 261-270. Van Woesik, R., Sakai, K., Ganase, A., & Loya, Y. (2011). Revisiting the winners and the losers a decade after coral bleaching. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 434, 67-76. Vercelloni, J., Kayal, M., Chancerelle, Y., & Planes, S. (2019). Exposure, vulnerability, and resiliency of French Polynesian coral reefs to environmental disturbances. Scientific Reports, 9(1). Walsh, W. J. (1983). Stability of a coral reef fish community following a catastrophic storm. Coral Reefs, 2(1), 49-63. Wilkinson, C. (2004). Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004 (Vol. 2). Queensland, Australia: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Wilkinson, C. R., & Souter, D. (2008). Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005. Wismer, S., Tebbett, S. B., Streit, R. P., & Bellwood, D. R. (2019). Spatial mismatch in fish and coral loss following 2016 mass coral bleaching. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 1487-1498. Woolsey, E., Bainbridge, S. J., Kingsford, M. J., & Byrne, M. (2012). Impacts of cyclone Hamish at One Tree Reef: Integrating environmental and benthic habitat data. Marine Biology, 159(4), 793-803. Aim: Understand the interplay between resistance and recovery on coral reefs, and investigate dependence on pre- and post-disturbance states, to inform generalisable reef resilience theory across large spatial and temporal scales. Location: Tropical coral reefs globally. Time period: 1966 to 2017. Major taxa studied: Scleratinian hard corals. Methods: We conducted a literature search to compile a global dataset of total coral cover before and after acute storms, temperature stress, and coastal runoff from flooding events. We used meta-regression to identify variables that explained significant variation in disturbance impact, including disturbance type, year, depth, and pre-disturbance coral cover. We further investigated the influence of these same variables, as well as post-disturbance coral cover and disturbance impact, on recovery rate. We examined the shape of recovery, assigning qualitatively distinct, ecologically relevant, population growth trajectories: linear, logistic, logarithmic (decelerating), and a second-order quadratic (accelerating). Results: We analysed 427 disturbance impacts and 117 recovery trajectories. Accelerating and logistic were the most common recovery shapes, underscoring non-linearities and recovery lags. A complex but meaningful relationship between the state of a reef pre- and post-disturbance, disturbance impact magnitude, and recovery rate was identified. Fastest recovery rates were predicted for intermediate to large disturbance impacts, but a decline in this rate was predicted when more than ~75% of pre-disturbance cover was lost. We identified a shifting baseline, with declines in both pre-and post-disturbance coral cover over the 50 year study period. Main conclusions: We breakdown the complexities of coral resilience, showing interplay between resistance and recovery, as well as dependence on both pre- and post-disturbance states, alongside documenting a chronic decline in these states. This has implications for predicting coral reef futures and implementing actions to enhance resilience. The dataset provides a summary of all studies included in the analysis and the key statistics obtained from the studies and used in the analyses for the manuscript entitled "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography. The dataset includes details about the publication, spatial identifiers (e.g. realm, province, ecoregion) unique site code, information on the disturbance type and timing, the pre-and post-disturbance coral cover, the 5-year annual recovery rate, the recovery shape and recovery completeness classifications. Please see details Methods in the journal article "Coral reef state influences resilience to acute climate-mediated disturbances" as published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.

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    Authors: Markus Stoffel; Daniel G. Trappmann; Mattias I. Coullie; Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas; +1 Authors

    This readme file provides all data and R codes used to perform the analyses presented in Figs. 2-4 of the main text and Supplementary Information Figures S1-S2-S3. FIGURE 2 - Seasonally_dated_GDs.txt: Contains information on the timing (Season) of rockfall (GD) in a given tree (Id) and a given year (yr) over the past 100 years. Inv refers to the operators which analyzed growth disturbances in the tree-ring series. Lat / Long refers to the position of the tree in CH1903/ Swiss Grid projection. Intensity (1-4) refers to (1), intermediate (2) and strong (3) GD. Intensity 4 was attributed to injuries (I). Only the 408 GD rated 3 (strong TRD) and 4 (injuries) were used in Fig. 2. Acronyms used for Response_type read as follows: TRD: Tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts; I: Injuries. Acronyms used for Season refer to Dormancy (1_D), early (2_EE), middle (3_ME) and late (4_LE) earlywood, whereas a GD found in the latewood was attributed to either the early (5_EL) or late (6_LL) latewood. - Trends_in_seasonality_R1.R: The data contained in "Seasonally_dated_GDs" were processed with the R script "Trends_in_Seasonality.R". This seasonal trend analysis code is inspired by work published by Schlögl et al. (2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100294) and Heiser et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002262). FIGURE 3-4-S1 - Tasch_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) in a given year (yr) as found in all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - Rockfall_frequency_climate.R: The data contained in "Tasch_GD.txt" were processed with the R script "Rockfall_frequency_climate.R". - The temperature (Imfeld23_tmp.txt) and precipitation (Imfeld23_prc.txt) data used in Fig. 3 are from the Imfeld et al. 2023 (10.5194/cp-19-703-2023) gridded dataset (1x1 km lat/long) and were extracted at the grid point centered on the Täschgufer site. - The script set with temperature series enables to compute Fig. 4 (l.149:216) and Fig. 3 (l. 216:330); the script set with precipitation series enables to compute Fig. S1 FIGURE S2 - Tasch_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) at the Täschgufer site in a given year (yr) as found in all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - Rockfall_frequency_borehole.R: is adapted from "Rockfall_frequency_climate.R" to work with the borehole dates. - Corvatsch0_6R1: Contains the Corvatsch borehole temperature series (2000-2020, 0.6m depth) (Hoelzle, M. et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1531-2022, 2022). FIGURE S3 - Plattje_GD.txt: Contains the raw data on rockfall impacts (GD) at the Plattje site in a given year (yr) as found all trees available in that same year (Sample_depth) as well as the cumulated diameter at breast height (cumulated_DBH) of all trees present in that same year. - - Rockfall_frequency_climate_Plattje.R: The data contained in "Plattje_GD.txt" were processed with the R script "Rockfall_frequency_climate_Plattje.R". - The temperature (Imfeld23_tmp_Plattje.txt) and precipitation (Imfeld23_prc_Plattje.txt) data used in Fig. 3 are from Imfeld et al. 2023 (10.5194/cp-19-703-2023) gridded dataset (1x1 km lat/long) and were extracted at the grid point centered on the Plattje site.

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    Authors: Groupement Europeen D'interet Economique: Exploitation Miniere De La Chaleur De Soultz-Sous-Forets (GEIE EMC); Ecole Et Observatoire Des Sciences De La Terre (EOST);

    The 2004 stimulation was aimed at improving the hydraulic performances of the well GPK4. This borehole was stimulated twice. The present test corresponds to the first stimulation of GPK4. Included are the data from a pre-stimulation low flow injection test that was performed to evaluate the initial injectivity of GPK4.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25577/ss...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25577/ss...
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    Data type: Experimental measurements, correlations and Van't Hoff plot. Date format: .opj. Origin of the data: Experimental pressure composition isotherm measurements. Data generated by a home-made Sieverts’ type apparatus from CNRS, ICMPE, Thiais, France. Software needed to plot the data: Origin.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hugo Beltrami;

    «Θερμότητα αποθηκευμένη στο γήινο σύστημα: «Πού πηγαίνει η ενέργεια;» περιέχει μια σταθερή μακροπρόθεσμη απογραφή θερμότητας του συστήματος της Γης κατά την περίοδο 1960-2018. Οι αλλαγές στη σύνθεση της ατμόσφαιρας που προκαλούνται από τον άνθρωπο προκαλούν μια ανισορροπία ακτινοβολίας στην κορυφή της ατμόσφαιρας, η οποία οδηγεί την υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη. Αυτή η ανισορροπία της Γης είναι ο πιο κρίσιμος αριθμός που καθορίζει τις προοπτικές για τη συνέχιση της υπερθέρμανσης του πλανήτη και της κλιματικής αλλαγής. Η κατανόηση της αύξησης της θερμότητας του συστήματος της Γης από αυτή τη συσσωρευμένη θερμότητα — και ιδιαίτερα πόσο και πού η θερμότητα κατανέμεται στο γήινο σύστημα — είναι θεμελιώδους σημασίας για την κατανόηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο αυτό επηρεάζει τη θέρμανση των ωκεανών, της ατμόσφαιρας και της ξηράς, της αύξησης των θερμοκρασιών και της στάθμης της θάλασσας και της απώλειας γειωμένου και πλωτού πάγου, οι οποίες αποτελούν θεμελιώδεις ανησυχίες για την κοινωνία. Αυτό το σύνολο δεδομένων βασίζεται σε μια μελέτη στο πλαίσιο του Παγκόσμιου Συστήματος Παρατήρησης του Κλίματος (GCOS) συντονισμένη διεθνή προσπάθεια για την επικαιροποίηση της απογραφής θερμότητας της Γης, και παρουσιάζει μια επικαιροποιημένη διεθνή αξιολόγηση των εκτιμήσεων της υπερθέρμανσης των ωκεανών, καθώς και νέες και επικαιροποιημένες εκτιμήσεις της αύξησης της θερμότητας στην ατμόσφαιρα, την κρυόσφαιρα και τη γη κατά την περίοδο 1960-2018. Αλλαγές στην έκδοση 2: α) προστέθηκαν και επικαιροποιήθηκαν οι αβεβαιότητες στο αρχείο netcdf Β) Ωκεανική περιεκτικότητα σε θερμότητα > 2 000 m βάθος: επικαιροποίηση μιας χρονοσειράς, και έτσι αναθεωρημένο σύνολο μέσο όρο Γ) Περιεκτικότητα σε ατμοσφαιρική θερμότητα: επικαιροποίηση των χρονοσειρών όπως παρελήφθησαν από εμπειρογνώμονες στις 29/05/2020 D) Διαθέσιμο cyropshere θερμότητας: επικαιροποίηση των χρονοσειρών όπως παρελήφθησαν από εμπειρογνώμονες στις 27/05/2020. Ε) Προστέθηκαν ορισμένα χαρακτηριστικά για περισσότερες λεπτομέρειες. «Calor almacenado en el sistema terrestre: ¿A dónde va la energía?’ contiene un inventario constante de calor del sistema terrestre a largo plazo durante el período 1960-2018. Los cambios de composición atmosférica inducidos por el hombre causan un desequilibrio radiativo en la parte superior de la atmósfera que está impulsando el calentamiento global. Este desequilibrio energético de la Tierra (IEE) es el número más crítico que define las perspectivas de continuar el calentamiento global y el cambio climático. Comprender la ganancia de calor del sistema de la Tierra a partir de este calor acumulado, y especialmente cuánto y dónde se distribuye el calor en el sistema de la Tierra, es fundamental para comprender cómo esto afecta el calentamiento de los océanos, la atmósfera y la tierra, el aumento de las temperaturas y el nivel del mar, y la pérdida de hielo a tierra y flotante, que son preocupaciones fundamentales para la sociedad. Este conjunto de datos se basa en un estudio bajo el Sistema Mundial de Observación del Clima (GCOS) esfuerzo internacional concertado para actualizar el inventario de calor de la Tierra, y presenta una evaluación internacional actualizada de las estimaciones del calentamiento de los océanos, y estimaciones nuevas y actualizadas de la ganancia de calor en la atmósfera, la criosfera y la tierra durante el período 1960-2018. Cambios en la versión 2: a) se han añadido y actualizado incertidumbres en el archivo netcdf B) Contenido de calor del océano > 2 000 m de profundidad: actualización de una serie temporal y, por lo tanto, medio de conjunto revisado C) Contenido de calor atmosférico: actualización de las series temporales recibidas por los expertos el 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere de calor disponible: actualización de las series temporales recibidas por los expertos el 27.5.2020. e) se han añadido algunos atributos para obtener más detalles. „Căldură stocată în sistemul terestru: Unde se duce energia?" conține un inventar consistent pe termen lung al căldurii sistemului terestru în perioada 1960-2018. Modificările compoziției atmosferice induse de om provoacă un dezechilibru radiativ în partea superioară a atmosferei, care conduce la încălzirea globală. Acest dezechilibru energetic al Pământului (EEI) este numărul cel mai critic care definește perspectivele pentru continuarea încălzirii globale și a schimbărilor climatice. Intelegerea castigului de caldura al sistemului Pamantului din aceasta caldura acumulata – si mai ales cat de mult si unde este distribuita caldura in sistemul Pamantului – este fundamentala pentru intelegerea modului in care acest lucru afecteaza incalzirea oceanelor, a atmosferei si a pamantului, cresterea temperaturilor si a nivelului marii, precum si pierderea ghetii impamantate si plutitoare, care sunt preocupari fundamentale pentru societate. Acest set de date se bazează pe un studiu realizat în cadrul Sistemului Global de Observare a Climei (GCOS) care a concertat efortul internațional de actualizare a inventarului căldurii Pământului și prezintă o evaluare internațională actualizată a estimărilor privind încălzirea oceanelor, precum și estimări noi și actualizate ale creșterii căldurii în atmosferă, criosferă și pământ în perioada 1960-2018. Modificări în versiunea 2: a) au fost adăugate și actualizate incertitudini în fișierul netcdf B) Conținutul de căldură oceanică > 2 000 m adâncime: actualizarea unei serii de timp și, prin urmare, o medie revizuită a ansamblului C) Conținutul de căldură atmosferică: actualizarea seriilor cronologice, astfel cum au fost primite de experți la 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere de căldură disponibilă: actualizarea seriilor cronologice, astfel cum a fost primită de experți la 27.5.2020. e) unele atribute au fost adăugate pentru mai multe detalii. "Calore immagazzinato nel sistema terrestre: Dove va l'energia?" contiene un inventario di calore a lungo termine del sistema terrestre nel periodo 1960-2018. I cambiamenti della composizione atmosferica indotta dall'uomo causano uno squilibrio radiativo nella parte superiore dell'atmosfera che sta guidando il riscaldamento globale. Questo Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI) è il numero più critico che definisce le prospettive per il continuo riscaldamento globale e il cambiamento climatico. Comprendere il guadagno di calore del sistema terrestre da questo calore accumulato — e soprattutto quanto e dove il calore è distribuito nel sistema terrestre — è fondamentale per capire come questo influisce sul riscaldamento degli oceani, dell'atmosfera e della terra, dell'innalzamento delle temperature e del livello del mare e della perdita di ghiaccio radicato e galleggiante, che sono preoccupazioni fondamentali per la società. Questo set di dati si basa su uno studio nell'ambito del Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ha concertato gli sforzi internazionali per aggiornare l'inventario del calore terrestre e presenta una valutazione internazionale aggiornata delle stime del riscaldamento degli oceani e nuove e aggiornate stime del guadagno di calore nell'atmosfera, nella criosfera e nella terra nel periodo 1960-2018. Modifiche nella versione 2: a) le incertezze sono state aggiunte e aggiornate nel file netcdf B) contenuto di calore dell'oceano > 2 000 m di profondità: aggiornamento di una serie temporale, e quindi revisione della media dell'ensemble C) contenuto di calore atmosferico: aggiornamento delle serie temporali ricevute dagli esperti il 29/05/2020 D) Cyropshere di calore disponibile: aggiornamento delle serie temporali ricevute dagli esperti il 27/05/2020. e) alcuni attributi sono stati aggiunti per maggiori dettagli. ‘Teas a stóráiltear i gcóras an Domhain: Cá dtéann an fuinneamh?’ Tá fardal teasa chóras an Domhain comhsheasmhach fadtéarmach thar an tréimhse 1960-2018. Cruthaíonn athruithe ar chomhdhéanamh atmaisféarach a spreagann daoine éagothroime radaitheach ag barr an atmaisféir, rud atá ag cur téamh domhanda chun cinn. Is í an Mhíchothromaíocht i bhFuinneamh na Cruinne (EEI) an líon is tábhachtaí a shainíonn na hionchais maidir le téamh domhanda agus athrú aeráide a leanúint. Tá sé ríthábhachtach tuiscint a fháil ar fháil teasa chóras an Domhain ón teas carntha seo — agus go háirithe cé mhéad agus cá háit a ndéantar an teas a dháileadh i gcóras an Domhain — chun tuiscint a fháil ar an gcaoi a dtéann sé seo i bhfeidhm ar na haigéin, an t-atmaisféar agus an talamh, ag ardú teochtaí agus leibhéal na farraige, agus cailliúint oighir atá bunaithe agus ar snámh, ar ábhair imní bhunúsacha iad don tsochaí. Tá an tacar sonraí seo bunaithe ar staidéar faoin gCóras Domhanda Breathnóireachta Aeráide (GCOS) iarracht chomhbheartaithe idirnáisiúnta fardal teasa an Domhain a thabhairt cothrom le dáta, agus léiríonn sé measúnú idirnáisiúnta nuashonraithe ar mheastacháin ar théamh aigéin, agus meastacháin nua agus nuashonraithe ar ghnóthachan teasa san atmaisféar, crióisféar agus talamh thar an tréimhse 1960-2018. Athruithe ar leagan 2: a) cuireadh éiginnteachtaí leis agus nuashonraíodh iad sa chomhad netcdf B) Ábhar teasa an Aigéin > 2 000 m doimhneacht: nuashonrú ar amshraith amháin, agus dá bhrí sin ciallaíonn ensemble athbhreithnithe C) Ábhar teasa Atmaisféarach: nuashonrú ar an amshraith a fuair na saineolaithe an 29/05/2020 D) Cyropshere teasa atá ar fáil: an t-amshraith a fuair na saineolaithe an 27/05/2020 a nuashonrú. e) roinnt tréithe curtha leis le haghaidh tuilleadh sonraí. „Warmte opgeslagen in het aardsysteem: Waar gaat de energie naartoe?' bevat een consistente langetermijnwarmte-inventaris van het aardesysteem over de periode 1960-2018. Door de mens geïnduceerde veranderingen in de samenstelling van de atmosfeer veroorzaken een radiatieve onbalans in de top van de atmosfeer die de opwarming van de aarde drijft. Deze Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI) is het meest kritische getal dat de vooruitzichten voor voortdurende opwarming van de aarde en klimaatverandering definieert. Het begrijpen van de warmtewinst van het Aardesysteem uit deze geaccumuleerde warmte — en vooral hoeveel en waar de warmte wordt verdeeld in het aardsysteem — is van fundamenteel belang om te begrijpen hoe dit de opwarming van oceanen, atmosfeer en land, stijgende temperaturen en zeespiegel, en verlies van geaard en drijvend ijs beïnvloedt, wat fundamentele zorgen zijn voor de samenleving. Deze dataset is gebaseerd op een studie in het kader van het Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) gezamenlijke internationale inspanningen om de aardwarmte-inventaris bij te werken, en presenteert een bijgewerkte internationale beoordeling van schattingen van de opwarming van de oceaan, en nieuwe en bijgewerkte schattingen van warmtewinst in de atmosfeer, cryosfeer en land in de periode 1960-2018. Wijzigingen in versie 2: A) onzekerheden zijn toegevoegd en bijgewerkt in het netcdf-bestand B) Oceaanwarmte inhoud > 2 000 m diepte: update van een tijdreeks, en dus herzien ensemble betekenen C) Atmosferische hitteinhoud: actualisering van de tijdreeksen zoals ontvangen door deskundigen op 29/05/2020 D) Beschikbare hitte cyropshere: actualisering van de tijdreeks zoals ontvangen door deskundigen op 27/05/2020. e) sommige attributen zijn toegevoegd voor meer details. «Calor armazenado no sistema terrestre: Para onde vai a energia?" contém um inventário de calor consistente do sistema terrestre de longo prazo durante o período 1960-2018. As mudanças de composição atmosférica induzidas pelo ser humano causam um desequilíbrio radiativo no topo da atmosfera que está impulsionando o aquecimento global. Este desequilíbrio energético da Terra (IEE) é o número mais crítico que define as perspetivas de continuação do aquecimento global e das alterações climáticas. Compreender o ganho de calor do sistema terrestre a partir deste calor acumulado — e especialmente quanto e onde o calor é distribuído no sistema terrestre — é fundamental para compreender como isso afeta o aquecimento dos oceanos, a atmosfera e a terra, o aumento das temperaturas e do nível do mar, e a perda de gelo terrestre e flutuante, que são preocupações fundamentais para a sociedade. Este conjunto de dados é ganza em um estudo sob o Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) esforço internacional concertado para atualizar o inventário de calor da Terra, e apresenta uma avaliação internacional atualizada das estimativas de aquecimento oceânico, e novas e atualizadas estimativas de ganho de calor na atmosfera, criosfera e terra durante o período 1960-2018. Alterações na versão 2: a) incertezas foram adicionadas e atualizadas no arquivo netcdf B) Teor de calor do oceano > 2 000 m de profundidade: atualização de uma série cronológica e, por conseguinte, média do conjunto revisto C) Conteúdo de calor atmosférico: atualização das séries cronológicas recebidas pelos peritos em 29.5.2020 D) Cyropshere do calor disponível: atualização das séries cronológicas recebidas pelos peritos em 27.5.2020. e) alguns atributos foram adicionados para mais pormenores. „Топлина, съхранявана в земната система: Къде отива енергията?" съдържа постоянна дългосрочна инвентаризация на топлината на земната система за периода 1960—2018 г. Промените в атмосферния състав, предизвикани от човека, причиняват радиационен дисбаланс на върха на атмосферата, който води до глобалното затопляне. Този енергиен дисбаланс на Земята (EEI) е най-критичният брой, определящ перспективите за продължаване на глобалното затопляне и изменението на климата. Разбирането на топлината на земната система от тази натрупана топлина — и особено колко и къде топлината се разпределя в земната система — е от основно значение за разбирането как това се отразява на затоплянето на океаните, атмосферата и земята, повишаването на температурите и морското равнище, както и загубата на заземен и плаващ лед, които са основни грижи за обществото. Този набор от данни се основава на проучване в рамките на Глобалната система за наблюдение на климата (GCOS) съгласувани международни усилия за актуализиране на инвентара на топлината на Земята, и представя актуализирана международна оценка на прогнозите за затоплянето на океаните, както и нови и актуализирани оценки на топлината в атмосферата, криосферата и земята за периода 1960—2018 г. Промени във версия 2: а) Неопределености са добавени и актуализирани във файла netcdf Б) Съдържание на топлина в океана > 2 000 m дълбочина: актуализиране на един времеви ред и по този начин ревизирана средна стойност на ансамбъла В) Съдържание на атмосферна топлина: актуализиране на динамичните редове, получени от експертите на 29.5.2020 г. Г) Наличен топлинен цирошър: актуализиране на динамичните редове, получени от експертите на 27.5.2020 г. д) някои атрибути са добавени за повече подробности. “Sħana maħżuna fis-sistema tad-Dinja: Fejn tmur l-enerġija?" fiha inventarju konsistenti fit-tul tas-sħana tas-sistema tad-Dinja matul il-perjodu 1960–2018. Bidliet fil-kompożizzjoni atmosferika indotti mill-bniedem jikkawżaw żbilanċ radjattiv fil-quċċata tal-atmosfera li qed tixpruna t-tisħin globali. Dan l-Iżbilanċ fl-Enerġija tad-Dinja (EEI) huwa l-aktar numru kritiku li jiddefinixxi l-prospetti għat-tisħin globali kontinwu u t-tibdil fil-klima. Il-fehim taż-żieda fis-sħana tas-sistema tad-Dinja minn din is-sħana akkumulata — u speċjalment kemm u fejn is-sħana tiġi distribwita fis-sistema tad-Dinja — huwa fundamentali biex wieħed jifhem kif dan jaffettwa t-tisħin tal-oċeani, l-atmosfera u l-art, iż-żieda fit-temperaturi u l-livell tal-baħar, u t-telf ta’ silġ ertjat u li jżomm f’wiċċ l-ilma, li huma tħassib fundamentali għas-soċjetà. Dan is-sett ta’ data huwa bbażat fuq studju taħt l-isforz internazzjonali miftiehem tas-Sistema Globali għall-Osservazzjoni tal-Klima (GCOS) biex jiġi aġġornat l-inventarju tas-sħana tad-Dinja, u jippreżenta valutazzjoni internazzjonali aġġornata tal-istimi tat-tisħin tal-oċeani, u stimi ġodda u aġġornati taż-żieda fis-sħana fl-atmosfera, il-krijosfera u l-art matul il-perjodu 1960–2018. Bidliet fil-verżjoni 2: a) l-inċertezzi ġew miżjuda u aġġornati fil-fajl netcdf B) Il-kontenut tas-sħana fl-oċeani ta’ > 2 000 m fond: aġġornament ta’ serje kronoloġika waħda, u b’hekk medja riveduta ta’ ensemble C) Kontenut ta’ sħana atmosferika: aġġornament tas-serje kronoloġika kif riċevuta mill-esperti fid-29/05/2020 D) cyropshere tas-sħana disponibbli: aġġornament tas-serje kronoloġika kif riċevuta mill-esperti fis-27/05/2020. e) xi attributi ġew miżjuda għal aktar dettalji. „Ciepło przechowywane w systemie ziemskim: Dokąd zmierza energia?" zawiera spójny długoterminowy inwentaryzację ciepła w systemie Ziemi w latach 1960-2018. Wywołane przez człowieka zmiany składu atmosferycznego powodują brak równowagi radiacyjnej na szczycie atmosfery, który napędza globalne ocieplenie. Ta nierównowaga energetyczna Ziemi (EEI) jest najbardziej krytyczną liczbą definiującą perspektywy dalszego globalnego ocieplenia i zmiany klimatu. Zrozumienie przyrostu ciepła systemu ziemskiego z tego nagromadzonego ciepła – a zwłaszcza tego, ile i gdzie ciepło jest rozprowadzane w systemie ziemskim – ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla zrozumienia, w jaki sposób wpływa to na ocieplenie oceanów, atmosfery i lądu, wzrost temperatury i poziomu morza oraz utratę uziemionego i pływającego lodu, które są podstawowym problemem dla społeczeństwa. Ten zbiór danych opiera się na badaniu w ramach Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) uzgodnionych międzynarodowych wysiłków na rzecz aktualizacji inwentaryzacji ciepła Ziemi i przedstawia zaktualizowaną międzynarodową ocenę szacunków ocieplenia oceanów oraz nowe i zaktualizowane szacunki przyrostu ciepła w atmosferze, kriosferze i na lądzie w latach 1960-2018. Zmiany w wersji 2: a) niepewność została dodana i zaktualizowana w pliku netcdf B) Zawartość ciepła w oceanie > 2 000 m głębokości: aktualizacja jednego szeregu czasowego, a tym samym zmieniona średnia C) Zawartość ciepła atmosferycznego: aktualizacja szeregów czasowych otrzymanych przez ekspertów w dniu 29 maja 2020 r. D) Dostępna cyropshere ciepła: aktualizacja szeregów czasowych otrzymanych przez ekspertów w dniu 27 maja 2020 r. e) niektóre atrybuty zostały dodane, aby uzyskać więcej szczegółów.

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