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This study presents an estimation of net energy balance resulting from primary production vis-a-vis energy consumption through various components in a semi-arid rural ecosystem of Ralegan Siddhi village, Maharashtra, India. An end use energy accounting ‘Rural Energy Balance Model’ is developed for input-output analysis of various anthropogenic energy flows within the village system boundary. An integrated approach using field, ancillary, GIS and high resolution satellite data is used for generation of various model inputs. The primary and secondary field data collection of available energy resources and consumption at household and village level were carried out using structured schedules and questionnaires. The model inputs were converted to energy equivalents using country-specific energy conversion factors. The Net Energy Balance of this semi-arid village ecosystem is estimated at 13.06 TJ, indicating a self-sustaining rural ecosystem. The results of this study are useful inputs for policy and planning the optimal utilization of available and future energy requirements for rural development.

In this paper, we have studied the solar radiation data available at two meteorological stations located in the south of Tunisia. Measurements of global solar radiation on horizontal surface are compared to predictions made by different methods. The first method is based on Angström-Prescott formula which correlates relative global solar radiation H/H0 to corresponding relative duration of bright sunshine SS/SS0. The second method, a model due to Mechlouch et al., uses cloud cover N, the hours of the day t and the quantum of the year q. The third method, an empirical relation due to Sivkov, uses the monthly sunshine duration nm and the noon altitude of the sun h. The models are compared and tested on the basis of statistical error tests (MBE, RMSE, MPE and R2) and the results are presented.

One third of world’s total energy is used in production of electricity and one fifth of the total electricity produced in the world is used in lighting. Hence, the materials that have high potential in the field of photovoltaic’s and photoluminescence have recently drawn special attention to meet the ever increasing energy demands. In this thesis, we have studied a few materials that hold tremendous promises in fabricating photovoltaics and photoluminescent devices. Any ferroelectric material is an efficient solar energy converter as it contains an the intrinsic dipolar field which can effectively separate the photo excited electron and hole. We have developed a few materials which possess inherent polarization efficiently absorb over a wide portion of the solar spectrum and hence can find application in the field of photovoltaics. Secondly, we also dealt with semiconductor nonmaterial’s which are technologically very important owing to their improved photoluminescence properties. We tried to improve their light emitting efficiency by engineering crystal structure in nanometer length scales. The thesis deals with such advanced energy materials and is divided in seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts that are relevant in the subsequent chapters. The chapter is started with a brief scenario of current status of energy production and its usage. Next, we have discussed the prospects of ferroelectric materials in photovoltaic devices. This is followed by a brief background on ferroelectricity and related properties which we have studied subsequently. At the end of this chapter a brief overview of photoluminescence properties in semiconductor nonmaterial’s is presented. In this section we have addressed the particular issues that need to be taken care of in order to improve their light emission properties. Chapter 2 describes different experimental and theoretical methods that have been employed to carry out different studies presented in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses the ...

Though the argument for digital tools in humanistic research has been growing, they are often appreciated based on their validity in addressing specific research questions. In order to properly assess their effective value to the field, a more long-term assessment is needed. In this talk, I will present the concept of Digital Satellites in humanistic Research. Through the analogy with artificial satellites, I interrogate the short and long-term function of digital tools in DH by looking beyond their instrumental phase, into their lifecycle in its entirety. I will use concrete examples of the Cornelia digital art history project infrastructure to show how the proposed design principles can be applied.

With the increase in energy of the Large Hadron Collider to a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV for Run 2, events with dense environments, such as in the cores of high-energy jets, became a focus for new physics searches as well as measurements of the Standard Model. These environments are characterized by charged-particle separations of the order of the tracking detectors sensor granularity. Basic track quantities are compared between 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment and simulation of proton-proton collisions producing high-transverse-momentum jets at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The impact of charged-particle separations and multiplicities on the track reconstruction performance is discussed. The efficiency in the cores of jets with transverse momenta between 200 GeV and 1600 GeV is quantified using a novel, data-driven, method. The method uses the energy loss, dE/dx, to identify pixel clusters originating from two charged particles. Of the charged particles creating these clusters, the measured fraction that fail to be reconstructed is $0.061 \pm 0.006 \textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.014 \textrm{(syst.)}$ and $0.093 \pm 0.017 \textrm{(stat.)}\pm 0.021 \textrm{(syst.)}$ for jet transverse momenta of 200-400 GeV and 1400-1600 GeV, respectively. The European physical journal / C 77(10), 673 (2017). doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5225-7 Published by Springer, Berlin