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The errors between the design parameters and experiment data of the power transformer in idle mode can reach 15-20% or more, because engineering techniques do not take into account in full all factors. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop improved circuit models, which are interconnected with spatial electromagnetic field models. These models consider the active part design of the transformer, the hysteresis of the nonlinear magnetic properties of electrical steel, asymmetry and non-sinusoidal phase-to-phase currents and provide high accuracy determination of rated idling parameters of transformer. To research the idle mode of transformer, the circuit models were conjugated with 3D and 2D magnetic field models. Their numerical implementation was carried out by means of finite element method on the example of a three-phase power transformer (10 kVA, 380/220 V). The reduction of the computational time was performed by doubling cancellation of the volume of 3D three-phase transformer domain and the conformal transition to the 2D geometric domain. Determination of the effective magnetic characteristics of electrical steel according to single-phase idling experiment data, allows to take into account the combined effect of hysteresis and eddy currents, design and technological factors on the specific losses and magnetization power. This ensures high accuracy of the description of the interrelation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength, reducing of current error and relative errors in the calculation of idling losses up to 1.41% and 1.2% for the 3D model and up to 5.18% and 3.2% for the 2D model.

Принятие комплекса законодательных актов в сфере энергетики, объединяемых термином Energiewende , существенно изменило структуру потребления энергии в Германии: в настоящее время наи-большую долю в ней занимает зеленая энергия, выработанная за счет использования ветра, солнца, воды и биомассы. Подобные изменения, безусловно, можно расценивать как успех. Однако, одновременно с целена-правленным изменением структуры производства и потребления энергии в Германии возникли определенные социально-политические, экономические и юридические проблемы, требующие тщательного изучения. Дискус-сионным является вопрос о соответствии целей и предлагаемых мер их достижения, в частности, в отношении бесперебойности энергообеспечения, расширения электрических сетей, совершенствования подхода к ценооб-разованию, экологических последствий с учетом курса на тотальное расширение производства энергии за счет возобновляемых источников. Актуальными для Германии и затрагивающими энергетическую политику России являются вопросы ускоренного сворачивания ядерной энергетики и легитимности национального курса Герма-нии на продвижение зеленой энергетики в контексте интеграции с Европейским энергетическим рынком. В статье выполнен анализ указанного комплекса проблем и охарактеризована роль национального законода-тельства Германии в их решении. from wind, solar, water and biomass now provides the largest contribution to the total electricity consumption. In this respect, Energiewende can be regarded as an overall success. But in parallel to this scenario, a critical discourse has evolved concerning socio-political, economic and legal issues. The congruence of objectives and measures for example, in regards to ensuring security of supply, expansion of electricity networks, development of electricity price and envi-ronmental consequences in the course of expansion of electricity generation from renewable sources is the main focus of socio-political and economic discussions. Accelerated phase-out of nuclear energy and constitutional disputes regarding the legality of national orientation of the promotional scheme for green electricity in respect to the integration of German electricity sector in the European internal market for energy are in the centre of the debate and have a remarkable impact on the energy policy in Russia as well. Against this background, present article examines the con-tribution of German Energiewende to the resolution of complex challenges of the developed industrial society. №4 (226) (2017)

Our article focuses on the essence, characteristics, and the structure of the labor potential of the region as well as its role in socio-economic development, territorial and environmental characteristics of labor resources and mechanisms for the reproduction of labor potential. Our results are based on a conceptual and methodological review of foreign and domestic sources. Perspective directions of labor resources research manifest such common features as the assessment of migration risks, the influence of globalization factors, forecasting the dependence of labor productivity at the regional level on market factors, climatic conditions, insurance mechanisms, and other factors. We conclude that research activity directed at human resources of the regions and their qualitative and quantitative properties is extremely high. Moreover, we note a high level of interest of scientists to the problem of labor potential at the micro, meso and macro level in Russian Federation. Our paper pays special attention to the analysis of existing approaches to methods for assessing the labor potential of the region, as proposed by Russian researchers and applied in the Russian Federation. Moreover, it considers the features of the main methodological approaches, studies their classification, as well as the technology of evaluation depending on the research tasks and objectives. We describe the method used for measuring the labor potential of a region on the basis of the index method which allows us to take into account its specific conditions of its reproduction and use at the regional level, as well as to conduct reasonable comparative assessments. In addition, we present our own calculations carried out on the basis of the proposed method and employing the state and the level of development of labor potential in the North Caucasus and Southern Caucasus federal districts, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole.

The work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the wind turbine lightning protection system on the possibility of a lightning strike to the lightning rod, to the protected object and to the surface of the earth. The aim of the work is to study atmospheric electric fields for a complex object: a wind turbine, a thundercloud and a surface of the earth, in two versions - with and without a lightning protection system. This goal is achieved by constructing a mathematical model based on the Laplace equation of elliptic type and boundary conditions for calculating the electric flow function. Computational experiments over a wind turbine carried out in two basic configurations: using a rodtype lightning protection system and without it. The most significant result of the work is a mathematical model with boundary conditions that determines the rigid boundaries of the object of study and constant values at the free and symmetric boundaries for calculating the electric flow function, the method of finding the specific distribution of the lines of the flow function along the boundaries of the studied wind power installation, and the results of computational experiments. As a result, it was found that the applied numerical calculation method allows analyzing the features of the atmospheric electrostatic field near the pointed peaks. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible increasing of the efficiency of lightning protection of a power plant and can be used to simulate other objects using a rod type of lightning protection.

The article reviews the transverse magnetic flux machine designs. The work aim was the analysis of the transverse magnetic flux generator with a disk rotor, the stator poles optimal number selection and the resistance torque reducing. This resistance torque was created by one-sided magnetic attraction force from the permanent magnets on the rotor and it hasn’t been considered previously, which is a novelty of this work. The ways to increase the electromotive force in the generator are also considered. The main work goal was obtained by magnetic system analysis of generator using Ansys Maxwell software and disk rotor strength analysis using ASCON Компас-3D software. It is concluded that the magnetic reversal frequency of the stator cores depends on the number of permanent magnets on the rotor. The dependence of the magnetic induction average value in the U-shaped stator core on their number was obtained during the magnetic analysis. The disk rotor strength simulation allowed getting the maximum possible bend of the disk rotor under the influence of the one-sided magnetic attraction force. The neodymium permanent magnets help to improve generator efficiency and to decrease its mass-dimensional indicators. It was proposed to use an uneven permanent magnets distribution on the rotor in the transverse magnetic flux generator to reduce the resistance torque of the disk rotor. The permanent magnets attraction force that interacts with stator steel poles was considered. The dependence of magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnets on the air gap size of the generator has been obtained.

Innovations in the nuclear industry are inextricably linked to economic evaluations of new engineering solutions. To improve the economic literacy of students of engineering areas of training at NRNU MEPhI, an innovative course on the economics of digital design and engineering in the nuclear industry has been implemented since 2016. The structure of the interdisciplinary course is modular, which makes it possible to involve in the teaching activity specialists who are most competent in the respective areas of training. To increase the involvement of students, a software and hardware complex has been developed, which provides through the wi-fi classroom system a permanent online contact of the teacher with students. During the lectures, students respond in real time through their gadgets (smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.) to 5 questions on the materials of each specific lecture, and during the workshops - solve about a dozen problems in the explanations of the teacher also through gadgets. This at the end of each lesson allows the teacher on his laptop not only to have a list of responses of each student to the second, but also to adjust the subsequent sessions to the understanding of certain aspects of the course. The work of students in the network allowed even as a creative task to develop a technological package «Nuclear technology-2035», showing a promising vision of the development of the domestic nuclear industry. In 2016-2020, more than 1400 students of various engineering specialties were trained. Statistical processing of the results of the control of the educational process allows us to make preliminary conclusions about the abilities (giftedness) of students to certain activities described, including in the course materials. Software and hardware complex can be used for other educational programs, which, depending on the subject area of study allows you to form a kind of «digital portrait» of each student Инновации в атомной отрасли неразрывно связаны с экономическими оценками новых инженерных решений. Для повышения экономической грамотности студентов инженерных направлений подготовки в НИЯУ МИФИ разработан и около пяти лет успешно реализуется инновационный междисциплинарный курс «Экономика цифрового проектирования и конструирования в атомной отрасли». Модульная структура курса позволяет привлекать специалистов, наиболее компетентных в соответствующих направлениях подготовки. Для повышения вовлеченности студентов создан программно-технический комплекс, обеспечивающий постоянный интернет-контакт преподавателя со студентами. Студенты в режиме реального времени с помощью своих гаджетов (смартфонов, планшетов и пр.) дают ответы на вопросы в ходе лекций, решают задачи в ходе практикумов. В конце занятия преподаватель имеет ведомость ответов каждого студента с точностью до секунды и может корректировать последующие занятия с учетом понимания тех или иных аспектов курса. Работа студентов в сети позволила даже в качестве творческого задания разработать технологический пакет «Ядерные технологии-2035», показывающий перспективное видение студентами развития отечественной атомной промышленности. В 2016-2020 гг. обучение прошли более 1400 студентов различных инженерных специальностей. Обработка результатов контроля учебного процесса позволяет делать предварительные выводы о способностях (одаренности) студентов к определенным видам деятельности, описанным, в том числе, в материалах курса. Программно-технический комплекс может быть использован и для других образовательных программ, что в зависимости от предметной области обучения позволяет формировать своеобразный «цифровой портрет» каждого студента ИННОВАЦИИ, Выпуск 4 (258) 2021, Pages 59-66