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Abstract Brown and Ladner's parameters have been compared with those of Williams for the same conditions. The combination of experimental data from 1H n.m.r. and 13C n.m.r. spectra gives the value of the Brown and Ladner's parameter H aru C ar . A comparison of the H aru C ar values was performed on a group of different coal oil samples.

Solid concentration is considered as one of the most important parameters governing the anaerobic digestion process. In this present study, four solid concentration levels (10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of...

This paper presents the performance analysis of different types of energy-efficient lamps used in indoor lighting applications. The objectives of this paper is to investigate and compare the electrical power quality and different photometrical parameters of few energy efficient lamps widely used in indoor applications now-a-days i.e. Fluorescent Tube Lights (FTLs), Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). These energy efficient lamps produce high total harmonic distortion but operate at high power factor. Few samples of commercial energy saving lamps are tested with different combinations of control gears and their performances are compared. The electrical and photometrical parameters are presented to verify the effectiveness of the lamp-ballast combinations. The result shows that although these lamps provide higher luminous efficacy, higher illumination but also high level of THD. The result also shows that the performance of these lamps do not change significantly with the change of normal commercial available control gears.

Biogas is a viable alternative for supplying clean and sustainable energy. Despite all manner of policy measures introduced by the Government of India, biogas is not widely used in India. This article tries to identify factors that influence the decision to adopt biogas at household level. We examine a conceptual framework empirically in which a household wants to maximize utility from biogas by using the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) I, which is a nationally representative, multi-topic survey. By applying both maximum likelihood and penalized likelihood methods (Firthlogit) of logistic regression on a sample size of almost 10,384 households, it has been found that wealthy people are more likely to adopt biogas compared to the marginalized section of the society. We recommend more inclusive policy measures for the weaker section of the society to create an enabling environment to make it a self-promoting technology.

Security of network becomes primary importance of every organization to protect it from any kind of cyber attack. For this, the analysis of traffic that travels in the network is an imperative task. Traffic analysis on network is done by installing various network intrusion detection (NID) devices. One of a very vital device for detecting network intrusions is a Honeypot. Honeypots interact with the attacker and collect the data which can be analyzed to retrieve information regarding the attacks and attacker in the network. Honeypots are security resources that are targeted by the attacker and generate data logs of the attacks. Honeypots provide relevant data in a small quantity so that security researchers could easily understand and the analysis of the data becomes feasible. In this paper honeypot is simulated to interact with attackers and the data collected by using honeypot is analyzed using various tools.

The influence of various solvents (H2O, CH3OH, and C2H5OH) on product distribution and nature of products during hydrothermal liquefaction of sargassum tenerrimum algae has been examined. Hydrothermal liquefaction was performed using H2O (260, 280 and 300°C) and organic solvents CH3OH and C2H5OH (280°C) for 15min. The use of organic solvents significantly increased the yield of bio-oil. In the case of liquefaction with CH3OH and C2H5OH, the bio-oil yield was 22.8 and 23.8wt.% respectively whereas the bio-oil yield was 16.33wt.% with H2O. GC-MS analysis of the liquid products indicated the presence of various organic compounds including aromatics, nitrogenated and oxygenated compounds and higher selectivity amount of ester compounds were observed in the presence of alcoholic solvents. NMR and FT-IR showed that present of solvents have an effect on the decomposition of sargassum tenerrimum algae.

The many advantages of slug flow pneumatic conveying are outweighed by the lack of understanding of the flow mechanisms. For horizontal slug flow, the unique feature is the stationary layer of material found between the travelling slugs, which was recently shown to be characterised by two constants. This paper looks to utilise the vast data available in the literature, which is representative of the entire mode of flow, and relates the stationary layer and slug velocity to predict the two constants from only these inputs. It was found that, even for the vast range of materials and systems considered, slug flow encompasses a narrow bound of the two constants. Furthermore, an empirical approach that was developed to relate the layer fraction and particle velocity was found to provide good agreement to measurements and may be of use in other investigations that require an additional equation for modelling.

Bifurcations are the sudden qualitative transitions occurring in dynamical systems due to infinitesimal changes in the control parameters. These abrupt qualitative transitions are crucial in deciding the stable operating regime in the case of a power system. However, in the actual power system, the control parameters such as the electrical power demand, the inertia of the system, damping of the system etc. are found to vary with respect to time. In this paper, bifurcations in an electrical power system for the quasi-static and rate dependent variation of the control parameters are investigated. The canonical power system is represented by assuming a single machine connected to an infinite bus (SMIB). The mathematical modeling of the canonical system is carried out by a second order swing equation model of the generator. We observe a delay in the point of transition for rate-dependent variation of the control parameter, mechanical power, P m . We also investigate the influence of noise and sensitivity to initial conditions in rate-dependent variations of the control parameter. Our study is highly relevant as the stability regimes for the quasi-static and rate dependent variations of control parameters are different.