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The present paper exhibits a real time assessment of a robust Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for battery-super capacitor (SC) Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). The proposed algorithm, dedicated to an electric vehicular application, is based on a self-gain scheduled controller, which guarantees the H∞ performance for a class of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. Assuming that the duty cycle of the involved DC-DC converters are considered as the variable parameters, that can be captured in real time, and forwarded to the controller to ensure both; the performance and robustness of the closed-loop system. The subsequent controller is therefore time-varying and it is automatically scheduled according to each parameter variation. This algorithm has been validated through experimental results provided by a tailor-made test bench including both the HESS and the vehicle traction emulation system. The experimental results demonstrate the overall stability of the system, where the proposed LPV supervisor successfully accomplishes a power frequency splitting in an adequate way, respecting the dynamic of the sources. The proposed solution provides significant performances for different speed levels.

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In the anodisation of Nb in acidic fluoride solutions or warm aqueous alkali, and in that of Mo in concentrated phosphoric acid, impedance spectroscopy provides evidence that 3D film growth proceeds already during the active–passive transition. Indeed, linear potential dependences of both the inverse of the high-frequency capacitance and of the product of the high-frequency resistance times the steady-state current are observed already below the peak potential. Simultaneously, a pseudo-inductive loop at intermediate frequencies is detected in the impedance spectra. In the present paper, we propose a kinetic model for the interpretation of these data. The model assumes that the metal is covered with a non-stoichiometric oxide containing at least two oxidation states of the cation. The processes of oxidative dissolution of the lower valence cations and their transformation to cations of higher valence, leading to passivation, explain the shape of the I–E curve. These processes are limited by both charge transfer at the film–solution (F/S) interface and transport of cation vacancies through the film. Thickening of the oxide film is assumed to proceed simultaneously, and is limited by transport of oxygen vacancies accelerated by an interfacial charge of cation vacancies.

Sul mercato esistono molti materiali adsorbenti (prevalentemente a base di carboni attivi eventualmente impregnati, zeoliti, alcuni ossidi metallici) per la desolforazione e la rimozione di VOC anche a temperatura e pressione ambiente. Tuttavia questi materiali mostrano capacità relativamente basse e/o cinetiche di cattura lente a temperatura ambiente, che inevitabilmente si traducono nella necessità di utilizzare grandi volumi di impianto. La ricerca svolta dall'IRC-CNR Napoli e DSC-UNINA, in stretta collaborazione, parte dalla considerazione che lo sviluppo di nuovi materiali e processi ad alta efficienza per la desolforazione (in particolare attraverso adsorbimento) rappresenta un traguardo cruciale per l'impiego vantaggioso di una fonte energetica rinnovabile e residuale quale il biogas, anche su piccola scala in un'ottica di generazione distribuita di energia. La ricerca è stata indirizzata allo sviluppo di materiali adsorbenti ad alte prestazioni e basso costo in grado di far fronte a condizioni operative assai diversificate in termini di temperature (già a partire da temperatura ambiente) e composizioni dei gas da trattare (es. presenza di altri inquinanti).

The modern Common Rail Diesel engine are, normally, optimised for being fuelled with the commercial Diesel fuel. The ECU calibrations are, consequently, defined to obtain the correct compromise between performances and emissions. It is, so, clear that if the engine is fuelled with an alternative bio-fuel with different characteristics (net heating value, stoichiometric A/F ratio, density, viscosity, etc.) the calibration must be modify. Interest in fuels from renewable sources and their use in transport has grown over the last decade. This is because of their biodegradability, potential improvements in exhaust emissions and benefits on the virtuous CO2 cycle of the earth. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to optimise the emissions and the performances of a light duty diesel C.R. engine fuelled with a vegetable derived fuel (Rapeseed Methyl-Ester) pure or blended with commercial Diesel fuel. Particularly in this paper the experimental results and the ECU control solutions referring to different fuel compositions are shown.

This paper is focused on the measurement issues and procedures for the characterization of medium voltage grids for narrowband power line communications (NB-PLCs), in the perspective of the use and integration of such technology into smart grids communication networks. The fundamentals are given for the characterization of the PLC channel, by means of noise and attenuation measurements. Suitable procedures are also developed for the characterization and modeling of the power system components in the frequency range of interest. Furthermore, the complete model of the PLC system is experimentally validated in a real case study.

In this paper some preliminary experimental results on a Zebra battery based propulsion system for urban bus applications are presented. The tests were carried out using a laboratory 1:1 scale test bench, composed by a 65 kW electric drive, specifically designed for urban bus applications, supplied by two 20 kWh Zebra batteries connected in parallel. The electric power train was tested on a laboratory bench, connected through a fixed ratio gear box to a 100 kW regenerative electric brake provided with speed and torque controls, in order to evaluate the propulsion system performance in steady state operative conditions. The obtained preliminary experimental results were utilized to implement a Matlab-Simulink model of urban bus, which might be powered by the same electric propulsion system studied. Thanks to this model it was possible to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the urban bus, working on standard driving cycles, taking into account the resistant forces represented by proper vehicle/road/aerodynamic parameters. An evaluation of the expected real vehicle driving range was also estimated in different road conditions.

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 116 + (2013) 176-181. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.04.019