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Third-generation biofuels are currently a promising alternative for energy production, since electricity prices have risen sharply and the search for alternative energy sources to fossil fuels has become a necessity. The use of the anaerobic digestion process for the production of biomethane from microalgae has been studied over the years and has reached a certain degree of maturity, becoming the most straightforward way to obtain energy from microalgae without the need for a previous drying or extraction phase, thus eliminating the costs associated with these operations. Microalgae also show a high potential to grow in different media, including wastewater, as well as a high capacity for nutrient absorption and carbon dioxide fixation, which aid in decarbonization. These characteristics, combined with biomethane production, can contribute to achieving a satisfactory bioenergy production in a circular economy model. Peer reviewed 2 Tablas

Published online: 26 November 2024 This study investigates the relationships between social and political trust and views on energy affordability, which are crucial for promoting sustainable energy practices. The findings indicate that social and especially political trust are negatively correlated with perceptions of energy affordability. The study also finds that the probability of being highly concerned about energy affordability is declining in the level of trust, especially in countries, as those in Southern European, that prioritize energy affordability. These findings confirm the critical role of trust in effective energy policies, fostering public support for transitions to sustainable energy systems. The study recommends that policymakers enhance transparency, accountability, and public engagement to build trust, thereby improving perceptions of energy affordability and supporting sustainable energy transitions.

[ES] Este TFG tiene por objeto determinar las características necesarias para el diseño y la ejecución de una instalación fotovoltaica de autoconsumo, con una potencia que se concretará en el desarrollo del TFG, en el pabellón público de Benidorm Guillermo Amor . El objetivo principal es proporcionar energía limpia al polideportivo así como a los colegios colindantes, y, por tanto, reducir las emisiones de CO2 a la vez de disminuir su impacto ambiental. [EN] This DFD aims to determine the required characteristics for the design and implementation of a self-consumption photovoltaic installation, with a power that will be specified during the development of the work, in the public pavilion of Benidorm "Guillermo Amor". The main objective is to provide clean energy to the sports centre as well as to the surrounding schools, and therefore, reduce CO2 emissions while decreasing its environmental impact.

The climate crisis, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation, demands a transition to renewable energy for sustainable development. This paper analyzes the asymmetric effects of hydroelectric and biomass energy consumption on the ecological footprint (EFP) for 24 OECD countries from 1970 to 2022. By using a combination of advanced econometric approaches, including Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and Robust Least Squares (RLS), with machine learning techniques such as Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Neural Networks (NN), this study will be able to identify complex nonlinearities that are not captured by traditional models. The results reveal that hydroelectric energy significantly reduces the EFP, particularly in high-pollution contexts, while biomass energy consumption worsens environmental degradation. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted policies to maximize the benefits of renewable energy sources and mitigate their risks. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive framework to analyze the environmental impacts of renewable energy, emphasizing the importance of methodological diversity and advanced modeling techniques as ways to achieve sustainability goals.

Associated research data: Cotta, C., & Martínez-Cruz, J. (2025, February 27). Rundata on EA Energy Consumption: Hysteresis. Retrieved from osf.io/xd54u As the demand for environmentally sustainable computing grows, understanding the energy consumption of AI systems has become increasingly important. This paper explores how hysteretic phenomena and implementation choices affect the energy consumption of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Specifically, we consider the case of running EAs in batch and show how back-to-back executions can put a significant strain on the underlying processing device, resulting in increased energy consumption. An experimental analysis indicates that the introduction of short pauses can alleviate this problem and reduce consumption by up to 9% in the considered benchmark. We also conduct a comparative analysis between two twin implementations of the same EA library in Java and C++, revealing that the latter scales better in terms of energy efficiency and running time, thus underpinning the importance of implementation decisions and best practices when aiming to optimize an algorithm’s energy consumption. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

[ES] El objeto de este proyecto reside en describir las instalaciones y condiciones técnicas reglamentarias mínimas para la ejecución de la instalación eléctrica en baja tensión necesaria para la construcción de este edificio. Incluyendo el diseño de las conducciones y líneas de distribución, luminarias, mecanismos, canalizaciones, cuadros eléctricos, red de tierras, pararrayos y varios. Además, se realizará una instalación de energía solar fotovoltaica de 68 kW de potencia nominal de autoconsumo, formada por un inversor de 75 kW y 126 paneles (540 Wp/ud) repartidos en la cubierta del edificio educativo. [EN] The purpose of this project is to describe the minimum regulatory technical conditions and installations for the execution of the low voltage electrical installation required for the construction of this building. Including the design of the conduits and distribution lines, lighting, mechanisms, pipelines, electrical panels, grounding network, lightning rods and others. In addition, a 68 kW nominal power photovoltaic solar energy installation for self-consumption will be carried out, consisting of a 75 kW inverter and 126 panels (540 Wp/unit) distributed on the roof of the educational building.

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los requisitos que deben cumplir las edificaciones aptas para obtener un certificado Passivhaus, teniendo presente los principios de la arquitectura bioclimática, para aplicarlos a la reutilización de contenedores marítimos y así transformarlos en viviendas sostenibles. Para ello se estudiarán los cinco principales fundamentos de las casas pasivas y luego se analizarán varios casos de estudio de viviendas propuestas en el concurso Solar Decathlon Europa. De cada ejemplo a analizar se destacará un aspecto innovador del proyecto que contribuya a la sostenibilidad. A continuación, se analizarán las características de los contenedores marítimos y nos centraremos en su reutilización para la creación de viviendas unifamiliares. Una vez finalizado este análisis se realizará un caso de estudio, en el cual se expondrán los conceptos analizados sobre las casas pasivas aplicados a la construcción de viviendas realizadas con contenedores marítimos reciclados, se presentarán los diferentes elementos y sistemas que la componen. También se tendrán en cuenta los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Por último, se realizará un apartado donde se extraigan las conclusiones del presente trabajo. [EN] The objective of this work is to analyze the requirements that buildings must meet to obtain a Passivhaus certificate, considering the principles of bioclimatic architecture, to apply them to the reuse of shipping containers and thus transform them into sustainable housing. To achieve this, the five main principles of passive houses will be studied, followed by an analysis of several case studies of houses proposed in the Solar Decathlon Europe competition. For each example analyzed, an innovative aspect of the project that contributes to sustainability will be highlighted. Next, the characteristics of shipping containers will be analyzed, focusing on their reuse for the creation of single-family homes. Once this analysis is completed, a case study will be conducted, in which the concepts analyzed concerning passive houses will be applied to the construction of homes made from recycled shipping containers, presenting the different elements and systems that comprise them. The sustainable development goals will also be taken into account. Finally, a section will be included to draw the conclusions of this work.

[ES] En la actualidad tanto el uso del agua como de la luz son factores que afectan al cambio climático, y diversos expertos afirman que la solución para preservar nuestro planeta tal y como lo conocemos, pasa por la eficiencia energética y de recursos de nuestro alrededor. La falta de agua es uno de los problemas más frecuentes, sobre todo en la Comunidad Valenciana, cuyo porcentaje de agua embalsada decrece año a año. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende aportar su granito de arena frente a este problema. Para ello, a través de las competencias desarrolladas por el alumno en el grado de Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial y Automática, se presenta un sistema de riego inteligente que permita optimizar la eficiencia energética, principalmente en el uso de agua. Específicamente, se realizará el diseño e implementación de un sistema de riego inteligente, y un posterior estudio de viabilidad del proyecto. Este sistema hará uso de sensores de humedad en tierra que serán controlados mediante una placa Arduino para la lectura de datos y control remoto. Dicha placa también será la encargada de actuar una bomba de agua para el riego de un jardín. Posteriormente se realizará un estudio de viabilidad para analizar si el proyecto puede alcanzar la rentabilidad y si es competitivo a nivel de mercado. Finalmente el sistema de riego será implementado, validado y analizado en el jardín de un domicilio particular. [CA] En l'actualitat tant l'ús de l'aigua com de la llum són factors que afecten el canvi climàtic, i diversos experts afirmen que la solució per a preservar el nostre planeta tal com el coneixem passa per l'eficiència energètica i de recursos del nostre entorn. La falta d'aigua és un dels problemes més freqüents, sobretot en la Comunitat Valenciana, el percentatge d'aigua embassada de la qual decreix any rere any. El present Treball de Fi de Grau pretén aportar el seu granet d'arena davant d'aquest problema. Per a això, a través de les competències desenvolupades per l'alumne en el grau d'Enginyeria Electrònica Industrial i Automàtica, es presenta un sistema de reg intel·ligent que permeta optimitzar l'eficiència energètica, principalment en l'ús d'aigua. Específicament, es realitzarà el disseny i implementació d'un sistema de reg intel·ligent, i un posterior estudi de viabilitat del projecte. Aquest sistema farà ús de sensors d'humitat en terra que seran controlats mitjançant una placa Arduino per a la lectura de dades i control remot. Aquesta placa també serà l'encarregada d'actuar una bomba d'aigua per al reg d'un jardí. Posteriorment es realitzarà un estudi de viabilitat per a analitzar si el projecte pot aconseguir la rendibilitat i si és competitiu a nivell de mercat. Finalment el sistema de reg serà implementat, validat i analitzat en el jardí d'un domicili particular. [EN] Currently, both the use of water and light are factors that affect climate change, and various experts affirm that the solution to preserving our planet as we know it lies in the energy and resource efficiency of our surroundings. The lack of water is one of the most frequent problems, especially in the Valencian Community, whose percentage of stored water decreases year after year. This Bachelor's Thesis aims to contribute its bit to this problem. For this purpose, through the skills developed by the student in the Industrial and Automatic Electronic Engineering degree, an intelligent irrigation system is presented to optimize energy efficiency, mainly in the use of water. Specifically, the design and implementation of an intelligent irrigation system will be carried out, followed by a feasibility study of the project. This system will use soil moisture sensors controlled by an Arduino board for data reading and remote control. This board will also be responsible for operating a water pump for garden irrigation. Subsequently, a feasibility study will be conducted to analyze whether the project can achieve profitability and if it is competitive in the market. Finally, the irrigation system will be implemented, validated, and analyzed in the garden of a private home.