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The current energy transition imposes a rapid implementation of energy storage systems with high energy density and eminent regeneration and cycling efficiency. Metal hydrides are potential candidates for generalized energy storage, when coupled with fuel cell units and/or batteries. An overview of ongoing research is reported and discussed in this review work on the light of application as hydrogen and heat storage matrices, as well as thin films for hydrogen optical sensors. These include a selection of single-metal hydrides, Ti-V(Fe) based intermetallics, multi-principal element alloys (high-entropy alloys), and a series of novel synthetically accessible metal borohydrides. Metal hydride materials can be as well of important usefulness for MH-based electrodes with high capacity (e.g. MgH2 ~ 2000 mAh g-1) and solid-state electrolytes displaying high ionic conductivity suitable, respectively, for Li-ion and Li/Mg battery technologies. To boost further research and development directions some characterization techniques dedicated to the study of M-H interactions, their equilibrium reactions, and additional quantification of hydrogen concentration in thin film and bulk hydrides are presented at the end of this manuscript.

We summarize and critically evaluate the available data on nuclear fusion cross sections important to energy generation in the Sun and other hydrogen-burning stars and to solar neutrino production. Recommended values and uncertainties are provided for key cross sections, and a recommended spectrum is given for 8B solar neutrinos. We also discuss opportunities for further increasing the precision of key rates, including new facilities, new experimental techniques, and improvements in theory. This review, which summarizes the conclusions of a workshop held at the Institute for Nuclear Theory, Seattle, in January 2009, is intended as a 10-year update and supplement to Reviews of Modern Physics 70 (1998) 1265. 54 pages, 20 figures, version to be published in Reviews of Modern Physics; various typos corrected and several updates made

La physique ouverte et cachée des saveurs lourdes dans les collisions nucléaires à haute énergie entre dans une nouvelle étape passionnante vers une compréhension plus claire des nouveaux résultats expérimentaux avec la possibilité de les lier directement à l'avancement de la chromodynamique quantique en treillis (QCD). Des résultats récents d'expériences et de développements théoriques concernant la dynamique des saveurs lourdes ouvertes et cachées ont été débattus lors de l'atelier de Lorentz Tomography of the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Heavy Quarks, qui s'est tenu en octobre 2016 à Leiden, aux Pays-Bas. Dans cette contribution, nous résumons les compréhensions communes identifiées et les stratégies développées pour les cinq prochaines années, qui visent à acquérir une connaissance approfondie des propriétés dynamiques du plasma quark-gluon. La física de sabor intenso abierta y oculta en colisiones nucleares de alta energía está entrando en una nueva y emocionante etapa para alcanzar una comprensión más clara de los nuevos resultados experimentales con la posibilidad de vincularlos directamente con el avance en la cromodinámica cuántica reticular (QCD). Los resultados recientes de experimentos y desarrollos teóricos sobre dinámicas abiertas y ocultas de sabor intenso se han debatido en el Lorentz Workshop Tomography of the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Heavy Quarks, que se celebró en octubre de 2016 en Leiden, Países Bajos. En esta contribución, resumimos los entendimientos comunes identificados y las estrategias desarrolladas para los próximos cinco años, que tienen como objetivo lograr un conocimiento profundo de las propiedades dinámicas del plasma de quarks y gluones. Open and hidden heavy-flavor physics in high-energy nuclear collisions are entering a new and exciting stage towards reaching a clearer understanding of the new experimental results with the possibility to link them directly to the advancement in lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD). Recent results from experiments and theoretical developments regarding open and hidden heavy-flavor dynamics have been debated at the Lorentz Workshop Tomography of the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Heavy Quarks, which was held in October 2016 in Leiden, The Netherlands. In this contribution, we summarize identified common understandings and developed strategies for the upcoming five years, which aim at achieving a profound knowledge of the dynamical properties of the quark-gluon plasma. تدخل فيزياء النكهة الثقيلة المفتوحة والمخفية في التصادمات النووية عالية الطاقة مرحلة جديدة ومثيرة نحو الوصول إلى فهم أوضح للنتائج التجريبية الجديدة مع إمكانية ربطها مباشرة بالتقدم في الديناميكيات الكمومية الشبكية (QCD). تمت مناقشة النتائج الأخيرة من التجارب والتطورات النظرية المتعلقة بديناميكيات النكهة الثقيلة المفتوحة والمخفية في ورشة لورنتز للتصوير المقطعي لبلازما كوارك- غلوون مع الكواركات الثقيلة، والتي عقدت في أكتوبر 2016 في ليدن، هولندا. في هذه المساهمة، نلخص التفاهمات المشتركة المحددة والاستراتيجيات المطورة للسنوات الخمس القادمة، والتي تهدف إلى تحقيق معرفة عميقة بالخصائص الديناميكية لبلازما كوارك- غلوون.

The alarming sound in the latest IPCC ‘code red’ report was unmistakable: “Without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is beyond reach.” Only a few weeks later, the World Meteorological Organization reported that there is now a 50% chance that we will temporarily reach 1.5 °C warming already in the next five years. And indeed, with the increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters such as flooding, heat waves and droughts, it is becoming harder not to see a looming climate catastrophe unless massive and immediate action is taken. Astronomers worldwide are well aware of our peril and are demanding astronomy organizations to act — nearly 3,000 have signed Astronomers for Planet Earth’s open letter demanding climate action from our institutions.

Abstract We report the first measurement of the exclusive cross sections e+e− → $$ B\overline{B} $$ B B ¯ , e+e− → $$ B{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ B B ¯ ∗ , and e+e− → $$ {B}^{\ast }{\overline{B}}^{\ast } $$ B ∗ B ¯ ∗ in the energy range from 10.63 GeV to 11.02 GeV. The B mesons are fully reconstructed in a large number of hadronic final states and the three channels are identified using a beam-constrained-mass variable. The shapes of the exclusive cross sections show oscillatory behavior with several maxima and minima. The results are obtained using data collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider.