• Energy Research
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Alkali metal-ion capacitors (AMICs) combine the advantages of the high specific energy of alkali metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) and the high power output of supercapacitors (SCs), which are considered highly promising and efficient energy storage devices. It is found that carbon has been the most widely used electrode material of AMICs due to its advantages of low cost, a large specific surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the application of carbon is limited by its low specific capacity, finite kinetic performance, and few active sites. Doping heteroatoms in carbon materials is an effective strategy to adjust their microstructures and improve their electrochemical storage performance, which effectively helps to increase the pseudo-capacitance, enhance the wettability, and increase the ionic migration rate. Moreover, an appropriate heteroatom doping strategy can purposefully guide the design of advanced AMICs. Herein, a systematic review of advanced heteroatom (N, S, P, and B)-doped carbon, which has acted as a positrode and negatrode in AMICs (M = Li, Na, and K) in recent years, has been summarized. Moreover, emphasis is placed on the mechanism of single-element doping versus two-element doping for the enhancement in the performance of carbon positrodes and negatrodes, and an introduction to the use of doped carbon in dual-carbon alkali metal-ion capacitors (DC-AMICs) is discussed. Finally, an outlook is given to solve the problems arising when using doped carbon materials in practical applications and future development directions are presented.

Due to its innovative structure and superior handling of long time series data with parallel input, the Transformer model has demonstrated a remarkable effectiveness. However, its application in lithium-ion battery degradation research requires a massive amount of data, which is disadvantageous for the online monitoring of batteries. This paper proposes a lithium-ion battery degradation research method based on the CNN-Transformer model. By leveraging the efficiency of the CNN model in feature extraction, it reduces the dependency of the Transformer model on data volume, thereby ensuring faster overall model training without a significant loss in model accuracy. This facilitates the online monitoring of battery degradation. The dataset used for training and validation consists of charge–discharge data from 124 lithium iron phosphate batteries. The experimental results include an analysis of the model training results for both single-battery and multiple-battery data, compared with commonly used models such as LSTM and Transformer. Regarding the instability of single-battery data in the CNN-Transformer model, statistical analysis is conducted to analyze the experimental results. The final model results indicate that the root mean square error (RMSE) of capacity predictions for the majority of batteries among the 124 batteries is within 3% of the actual values.

Rising temperatures, increasingly frequent extreme weather events and sea level rise are playing a growing role in shaping displacement, rural-urban migration, circular movements but also voluntary and forced immobilities. The debate on climate mobilities – the interplay between climate change and human mobility – is currently moving centre stage in migration studies. Migration theory, on the other hand, does not necessarily reflect sufficiently on the role of the environment in mobility patterns. Including an understanding of the complex nature of climate mobilities avoids assuming climate change related mobility as new or exceptional per se, and offers understanding of the plural, multi-causal, and political ways in which climate change and human im/mobilities intersect.

Conflict framing-the emphasis on clashing political positions, or the reproach of one actor to another-is central in political coverage and politics. This chapter discusses its conceptualization and the subsequent consequences for citizens' political attitudes and behavior. Previous research on conflict framing has yielded mixed results, showcasing conflicts' potential to inform and engage citizens alongside fostering cynicism and polarization. In this chapter, we argue that, to understand these divergent findings, it is necessary to distinguish between different types of conflicts. To address the fragmented literature on conflict and negativity, we propose a typology of various conflict types. This typology is exemplified through a hypothetical conflict scenario centered around climate change. We evaluate the moral, political, and epistemic implications of distinct conflict frames and propose conditions under which conflicts can positively contribute to deliberative democracy. Our typology provides a starting point for further investigations into the effects of conflict frames.

N‐Ethyl carboxylic acid functionalized polyethyleneimine (N‐CEPEI) has been explored as a novel water‐solution binder for LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes, which is synthesized via Michael addition reaction of acrylic acid with the primary and secondary amines from PEI, followed by subsequent in situ condensation. The N‐CEPEI binder facilitates the formation of a 3D polymer networks, which exhibits a higher diffusion efficacy of lithium ions and better mechanical strength compared to the commercial poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) binder, and thus maintains the structural integrity of LFP electrode. The electrochemical performance of the LFP electrode utilizing N‐CEPEI binder is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and long‐cycle‐life testing, and the results are compared with those of electrodes using PVDF and PEI binder. The optimal LFP electrode with N‐CEPEI binder exhibits superior cycling stability and rate capability, delivering a capacity of 139.60 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 94.8% after 400 cycles at 1 C, as compared with 86.6% for PVDF‐LFP electrode. Even at a high rate of 5 C, the N‐CEPEI‐LFP electrode maintains a capacity of 80 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. This work highlights the potential of N‐CEPEI as an effective water‐solution binder for LFP‐based lithium‐ion batteries.

ABSTRACTThe analysis of the dispatchable potential of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is particularly important to ensure the stable operation of the power system, but the uncertainty of vehicle owners' charging scheduling brings challenges to the analysis of the dispatchable potential of FCHEV aggregators. Therefore, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of vehicle charging scheduling uncertainty on the dispatchable potential of FCHEV aggregators, and proposes an analysis method for the dispatchable potential of FCHEV aggregators. In the context of urban transportation networks, the charging behavior of FCHEV is analyzed and modeled. From the subjective and objective perspectives, the evaluation index of the owner's charging scheduling was established. According to the relevant theories of behavioral psychology, the willingness of vehicle owners to participate in the dispatch of the power system is calculated, and the dispatchable potential of FCHEV aggregators is analyzed. Through the verification of examples, the analysis method proposed in this paper can effectively describe the uncertainty of vehicle owners' charging scheduling and ensure the validity of the evaluation results of dispatchable potential.

Plasmonic photocatalysis represents a highly promising area of research, as it enables the efficient exploitation of a broad spectrum of solar energy. Among the different photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as a pre‐eminent photocatalyst owing to its remarkable catalytic attributes. Its abundant active sites and high surface‐to‐volume ratio enable synergistic interactions with plasmonic metal nanoparticles, including silver, gold, and palladium, leading to significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. These hybrid nanostructured materials based on TiO2 photocatalysts have many advances and challenges for many potential applications in environment and energy production. This phenomenon can be attributed to the efficient separation of charge carriers, coupled with the strategic tuning of the photocatalyst's optical response to extend into extended wavelength regions, specifically within the near‐infrared and visible spectra.