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Geothermal aquifers may be considered as a renewable resource of heat and energy. Internal earth heat may be transported with underground water to the surface by wells, and to not overexploit the aquifer, this water should be returned back. As a rule such systems consist of two wells. Hot water from the producing well is used, as example, for greenhouse complex or other buildings needs, which cools the water, and the injection well returns the cold water into the aquifer. To simulate this open geothermal system a three-dimensional nonstationary mathematical model and numerical algorithms are developed taking into account the most important physical and technical parameters of the wells to describe the heat distribution and thermal water transportation in the aquifer. Results of numerical calculations are presented.

Maize is a crop of significant economic importance. In the northeast region of Brazil, it serves as the foundation of family support for the majority of farmers. However, achieving high levels of productivity requires an adequate water supply throughout its growth cycle. The northeast semi-arid region experiences low rainfall and high potential evapotranspiration, directly affecting maize development and leading to severe declines in productivity. In this study, genetic selection and proteomic analysis are proposed as a strategy to identify the tolerance of maize cultivars against water stress. The experiments were conducted under two water regimes using randomized block designs with three replicates. Development and productivity traits were evaluated, and genetic parameters were estimated using mixed linear models. Selection for water stress tolerance was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values. Total protein extraction from maize leaves followed the protocol established by the phenol method, and peptides were analyzed through mass spectrometry. The AG8677P cultivar demonstrated remarkable productivity under drought stress conditions, and proteins related to various fundamentally important biological processes for the tolerance mechanism were identified. The combination of genetic selection with proteomic analysis proves to be an efficient strategy, even in the face of limited resources and a small number of treatments.

Les promesses et les engagements des gouvernements des pays riches ont été pris lors du sommet de la COP26 à Glasgow, ravivant ainsi l'espoir des nations de relever le défi du changement climatique. Ainsi, l'étude examine la complémentarité du développement financier et des émissions de carbone, tout en tenant compte de l'influence conditionnelle de la bonne gouvernance sous trois indicateurs désagrégés – la gouvernance économique, institutionnelle et politique pour les économies des BRICS, de la MONNAIE et du G7. Tout d'abord, l'étude révèle que le développement financier en fonction de l'indicateur adopté a des effets mitigés sur les niveaux de pollution de l'environnement. Plus précisément, le développement financier déclenche l'effet de pollution le plus élevé via le crédit national au secteur privé par rapport aux investissements directs étrangers, tandis que l'indice de développement financier réduit la pollution environnementale. Deuxièmement, la gouvernance économique favorise la qualité de l'environnement en réduisant la pollution de l'environnement grâce à une réglementation de la qualité. Troisièmement, la gouvernance institutionnelle par le biais d'un État de droit plus faible induit la pollution, tandis que le contrôle de la corruption s'oppose aux niveaux de pollution. En outre, seule la voix de la responsabilité soutient l'effet d'atténuation de la pollution de la gouvernance politique. Sur une analyse comparative bloc à bloc, l'efficacité de la gouvernance favorise la pollution environnementale dans les trois blocs économiques, mais à des amplitudes différentes, tandis que la voix de la responsabilité n'exerce un impact souhaitable significatif sur la pollution que dans les pays du G7. Enfin, les énergies renouvelables et la libéralisation du commerce exercent respectivement une influence négative et positive sur la dégradation de l'environnement. En la cumbre de Glasgow COP26 se hicieron promesas y compromisos de los gobiernos de las naciones ricas, lo que rejuvenece la esperanza entre las naciones para enfrentar el desafío del cambio climático. Por lo tanto, el estudio examina la complementariedad del desarrollo financiero y las emisiones de carbono, al tiempo que tiene en cuenta la influencia condicional de la buena gobernanza bajo tres indicadores desagregados: gobernanza económica, institucional y política para las economías BRICS, MINT y G7. En primer lugar, el estudio revela que el desarrollo financiero en función del indicador adoptado tiene efectos mixtos en los niveles de contaminación ambiental. Específicamente, el desarrollo financiero desencadena el mayor efecto de contaminación a través del crédito interno al sector privado en comparación con las inversiones extranjeras directas, mientras que el índice de desarrollo financiero reduce la contaminación ambiental. En segundo lugar, la gobernanza económica promueve la calidad ambiental al reducir la contaminación ambiental a través de la regulación de la calidad. En tercer lugar, la gobernanza institucional a través de un estado de derecho más débil induce a la contaminación, mientras que el control de la corrupción antagoniza los niveles de contaminación. Además, solo la voz de la rendición de cuentas respalda el efecto mitigador de la contaminación de la gobernanza política. En un análisis comparativo de bloque a bloque, la efectividad de la gobernanza promueve la contaminación ambiental en los tres bloques económicos, aunque en diferentes magnitudes, mientras que la voz de la rendición de cuentas ejerce un impacto significativo deseable sobre la contaminación solo en los países del G7. Por último, la energía renovable y la liberalización del comercio ejercen una influencia negativa y positiva en la degradación ambiental, respectivamente. Pledges and commitments from governments of wealthy nations were made at the COP26 Glasgow summit, thereby rejuvenating hope among nations to confront the climate change challenge. Thus, the study examines the complementarity of financial development and carbon emissions, while accounting for the conditional influence of good governance under three disaggregated indicators – economic, institutional, and political governance for the BRICS, MINT, and the G7 economies. First, the study reveals that financial development depending on the adopted indicator has mixed effects on environmental pollution levels. Specifically, financial development triggers the highest pollution effect via domestic credit to the private sector compared to foreign direct investments, while financial development index reduces environmental pollution. Secondly, economic governance promotes environmental quality by reducing environmental pollution through quality regulation. Third, institutional governance through weaker rule of laws induces pollution, while the control of corruption antagonizes pollution levels. Furthermore, only the voice of accountability supports the pollution-mitigating effect of political governance. On a bloc-to-bloc comparative analysis, governance effectiveness promotes environmental pollution in all the three economic blocs albeit at different magnitudes while the voice of accountability exerts a significant desirable impact on pollution only in the G7 countries. Lastly, renewable energy and trade liberalization exerts a negative and positive influence on environmental degradation respectively. تم تقديم تعهدات والتزامات من حكومات الدول الغنية في قمة غلاسكو COP26، مما جدد الأمل بين الدول في مواجهة تحدي تغير المناخ. وبالتالي، تبحث الدراسة في التكامل بين التنمية المالية وانبعاثات الكربون، مع مراعاة التأثير المشروط للحوكمة الرشيدة في إطار ثلاثة مؤشرات مصنفة – الحوكمة الاقتصادية والمؤسسية والسياسية لاقتصادات بريكس ومينت ومجموعة السبع. أولاً، تكشف الدراسة أن التنمية المالية التي تعتمد على المؤشر المعتمد لها تأثيرات متباينة على مستويات التلوث البيئي. على وجه التحديد، تؤدي التنمية المالية إلى أعلى تأثير للتلوث عن طريق الائتمان المحلي للقطاع الخاص مقارنة بالاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة، في حين يقلل مؤشر التنمية المالية من التلوث البيئي. ثانياً، تعزز الحوكمة الاقتصادية الجودة البيئية من خلال الحد من التلوث البيئي من خلال تنظيم الجودة. ثالثًا، تؤدي الحوكمة المؤسسية من خلال ضعف سيادة القوانين إلى التلوث، في حين أن السيطرة على الفساد تستعدي مستويات التلوث. علاوة على ذلك، فإن صوت المساءلة وحده يدعم التأثير المخفف للتلوث للحكم السياسي. عند إجراء تحليل مقارن بين الكتلة والكتلة، تعزز فعالية الحوكمة التلوث البيئي في جميع الكتل الاقتصادية الثلاث وإن كان ذلك بأحجام مختلفة في حين أن صوت المساءلة له تأثير مرغوب كبير على التلوث فقط في بلدان مجموعة السبع. وأخيراً، تؤثر الطاقة المتجددة وتحرير التجارة تأثيراً سلبياً وإيجابياً على التدهور البيئي على التوالي.

The article deals with issues related to the territorial and climatic features of agricultural activities in the Russian Federation. Due to the large area of the country, the conditions for agriculture in different regions may differ greatly. At the same time, a significant part of the territory is affected by soil erosion. The main types of erosion are considered. The essence of the process of wind erosion or deflation and its key features are analyzed. In addition to soil erosion, insufficient soil moisture was noted as a disadvantage in a number of regions. A number of solutions to these problems are considered. As a solution to the problem, it is proposed to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops, which is equipped with a device for forming strips of high stubble residues. Formed high stubble residues provide snow retention and allow to counteract soil erosion. The paper deals with General issues of technology and design of the proposed machine. The results of theoretical and experimental field research related to the issues under consideration are presented.

The paper presents the results of an investigation into thin single- and triple-layer ZrO2-Sc2O3-based electrolytes prepared using the tape-casting technique in combination with promising electrodes based on La2NiO4+δ and Ni-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ materials. It is shown that pressing and joint sintering of single electrolyte layers allows multilayer structures to be obtained that are free of defects at the layer interface. Electrical conductivity measurements of a triple-layer electrolyte carried out in longitudinal and transverse directions with both direct and alternating current showed resistance of the interface between the layers on the total resistance of the electrolyte to be minimal. Long-term tests have shown that the greatest degradation in resistance over time occurs in the case of an electrolyte with a tetragonal structure. Symmetrical electrochemical cells with electrodes fabricated using a screen-printing method were examined by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polarization resistance of the electrodes was 0.45 and 0.16 Ohm∙cm2 at 800 °C for the fuel and oxygen electrodes, respectively. The distribution of relaxation times method was applied for impedance data analysis. During tests of a single solid oxide fuel cell comprising a supporting triple-layer electrolyte having a thickness of 300 microns, a power density of about 160 mW/cm2 at 850 °C was obtained using wet hydrogen as fuel and air as an oxidizing gas.

The article discusses the influence of the molten electrolyte composition on the direct current distribution in a cylindrical electrolytic cell over the surface of a liquid-metal anode and in the volume of a KCl-PbCl2 electrolyte. Electric field plotting is applied. The distributions of the bulk current density are graphically illustrated, and the electrical conductivities of the melts are estimated.

The object of research is the conveyor, which is the mechanism of the header for two–phase harvesting by batch method. The aim of the research is to develop the design and technological process ofthe roll portion header, the most suitable for the conditions of arid climate with the justification ofits main operating parameters. In the conditions of the steppe zone of the southern Urals, a separatemethod of harvesting grain crops is more preferable. The analysis of the structures windrowers allowed todevelop a portion of the header. The technological process as a portion of the header includes two phases — mowing and subsequent accumulation of the grain mass on the conveyor, and then upload. The unloaded portions are joined with the stacked in the previous passage – this is how the roll strip is formed. This option of laying the roll can reduce the number of passes in the selection of about 4–5 times in comparison with the basic technology. This allows you to reduce the cost of selection and reduce the impact of heavy machinery on the soil. A special role in the work of the header plays a conveyor. It is established that the thickness of the layer of stems on the Reaper conveyor depends on theworking length of the conveyor and the speed of movement of the unit on the field, the density and diameter of the stalk, the density of laying on the conveyor.

This research is mainly aimed at determining the effect of renewable energy (RE), education expenditures, and CO2 emissions on health expenditures in selected South Asian countries. There is an insufficient number of studies that investigate the linkages between health expenditures (HE) and CO2 emissions in South Asian countries. This study combined RE and gross domestic product (GDP) to identify their effect on health spending. We utilized the annual data of 1990–2018, and applied FMOLS and DOLS estimators over the panel data of five South Asian countries. According to the DOLS and FMOLS long-run results, GDP, RE, and education expenditures are negatively associated with health expenditures. This suggests that renewable energy puts less pressure on environmental quality, which leads to less health spending in the five South Asian countries studied. The empirical results also show that HE and CO2 emissions are positively and significantly related, which implies that an increase in CO2 emissions increases the financial burden on the various countries’ health sector. This study, therefore, recommends the usage of renewable sources to improve public health and to help lower health expenditures. To achieve sustainable development, it is also important to increase investment in the educational sector in the various countries.