• Energy Research
• 2025-2025close
• Open Source close
• Embargo close
• FR close
• CN close

The recent developments of amorphous material based heterostructures with disordered heterointerfaces for advanced rechargeable batteries are reviewed, focusing on the relation between material structure and electrochemical performance.

In our days, having all the necessary literature and methods for the implementation of street lighting design, it is possible to propose sustainable solutions that offer benefits in energy saving, the environment and optimization of living conditions. However, so far, research has shown that studies either follow the Standards or are carried out empirically, taking into consideration certain parameters at a time rather than all the parameters concerning a street lighting design. The present work's aim is to elucidate the critical design parameters involved in road lighting analysis, covering both theoretical aspects of the design process and practical implementation in field applications, highlighting their importance in terms of energy savings and their contribution to sustainable development. The analysis concluded in a large number of parameters which form a lighting analysis. It was noted that many researchers tend to adopt an one-sided perspective on the subject by focusing on specific parameters within a single case category. This approach does not provide reliable results regarding the overall energy efficiency and savings of a system. Parameters such as energy indicators, adaptive lighting, road surface characteristics, mesopic vision, etc. require further investigation to explore efficient and sustainable solutions that prioritize both human well-being and environmental impact. Simultaneously, the frequent use of new technologies has led to their overuse, that sometimes has as a concequence the increase of energy consumption and operational cost rather than reducing it. It is also obvious that design loses its value compared with technology that continuously gains ground. At the moment, by having all the relevant information, it seems to be the time to proceed to a new holistic design approach, that combines all the necessary parameters that formulate a road lighting analysis. This approach aims to deliver more accurate results, contributing to a more efficient and sustainable urban environment. Contribution to science: A systematic scientific literature review on energy management and energy saving in road lighting is conducted, investigating parameters such as energy indicators, adaptive lighting, mesopic vision, road surface, design parameters, on-site elements and technology-equipment that constitute a road lighting study, identifying the lacking points and highlighting the areas for further research towards a more efficient, sustainable and environmentally friendly urban environment.

To forecast how fast populations can adapt to climate change, it is essential to determine the evolutionary potential of different life-cycle stages under selection. In birds, timing of gonadal development and moult are primarily regulated by photoperiod, while laying date is highly phenotypically plastic to temperature. We tested whether geographic variation in phenology of these life-cycle events between populations of great tits ( Parus major ) has a genetic basis, indicating that contemporary genetic adaptation is possible. We carried out a common garden experiment in which we bred first- and second-generation pairs in captivity originating from eggs from Gotland (Sweden) and Hoge Veluwe (The Netherlands), two populations that showed different temperature sensitivity of laying date in a recent meta-analysis. We recorded the phenology of egg-laying, moult and gonadal size in early spring. We found no significant differences in laying date between the populations, but they did differ in moult timing and testis size. This implies that under climate change the timing of gonadal development and moult, which are mainly regulated by photoperiod, will not respond to increased temperature but can respond by genetic adaptation in response to selection, while the opposite holds for laying date, perhaps indicating that plasticity is constraining genetic adaptation.

Crops face vulnerability due to climate change, but the consequences of warming on crop production across diverse environmental conditions need to be better understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis by analyzing 5690 paired observations to understand the warming effects on the production of four major staple crops (wheat, rice, maize, and soybean). Results indicated that a 2.1 °C warming decreases yield for the four crops by 14 %, nitrogen use efficiency by 10 %, and biomass by 4 %. Projections based on future 2 °C warming scenarios indicate that global yields of these four crops could decrease by 17 % across diverse soil conditions and climates, particularly showing greater yield loss in regions with low precipitation and available nitrogen. However, the adverse effects on yield may be alleviated by management measures that improve nitrogen availability such as optimized nitrogen fertilizer inputs and practices that enhance soil nitrogen supply. Our findings underscore the necessity for adapting such practices in crop production systems, particularly in America and China, where adjustments in crop selection, soil management, and fertilizer practices are essential to sustain crop yields and ensure global food security in the forthcoming decades. The appropriate management choice however requires a deeper exploration of the underlying mechanisms behind the observed yield reductions

ABSTRACTIdentifying species with disproportionate effects on other species under press perturbations is essential, yet how species traits and community context drive their ‘keystone‐ness’ remain unclear. We quantified keystone‐ness as linearly approximated per capita net effect derived from normalised inverse community matrices and as non‐linear per capita community biomass change from simulated perturbations in food webs with varying biomass structure. In bottom‐heavy webs (negative relationship between species' body mass and their biomass within the web), larger species at higher trophic levels tended to be keystone species, whereas in top‐heavy webs (positive body mass to biomass relationship), the opposite was true and the relationships between species' energetic traits and keystone‐ness were weakened or reversed compared to bottom‐heavy webs. Linear approximations aligned well with non‐linear responses in bottom‐heavy webs, but were less consistent in top‐heavy webs. These findings highlight the importance of community context in shaping species' keystone‐ness and informing effective conservation actions.