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Numerous nations' policies have integrated the imperative of restraining the expansion of CO2 emissions, recognizing the increasingly dire and unmanageable consequences it entails. Despite empirical literature identifying diverse drivers of CO2, the impact of national security, healthcare, entitlement programs, and total petroleum stocks has largely been overlooked. Thus, this study aims to bridge this gap by investigating, for the first time, the role of these economic variables in determining whether they contribute to CO2 reduction or escalation in the United States. To evaluate the interconnections among these variables, this study utilizes monthly data spanning from 1985 to 2022. Employing contemporary quantile approaches like Recursive CQ correlations, Cross-Quantilogram, and nonparametric quantile causality, the study effectively accommodates the nonlinear nature of the variables. These analytical techniques offer a comprehensive assessment of the relationships among the variables under scrutiny. The outcomes of the Cross-Quantilogram analysis reveal that health care, national security, and entitlement programs enhance ecological quality at different quantiles. Conversely, total petroleum stocks are associated with ecological deterioration. Based on these results, the study recommends a focus on raising awareness regarding sustainable procurement strategies, embracing environmentally friendly technologies, and improving energy efficiency in healthcare facilities.

Many European nations, including Spain, are having difficulties achieving their Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) objectives. Resultantly, the current research discusses the development of an SDG framework for Spain, which can be utilized as a model for other EU nations. This research examines whether GDP growth, technological innovation, and energy sources (renewable and non-renewable) have any effect on CO2 emissions utilizing data from 1980 to 2018. The study applied the non-linear ARDL (NARDL) to investigate these interrelations. The outcomes from the NARDL revealed that positive (negative) shocks in renewable energy improve environmental quality in Spain. Furthermore, positive (negative) shocks in technological innovation lead to a decrease (increase) in CO2. Lastly, positive (negative) shocks in energy consumption lead to an increase (decrease) in CO2. The results reveal that Spain is on the right path towards decarburization. This research has important policy ramifications for the policymakers and government of Spain as well as neighbouring countries.

This research offers a new perceptive of the dynamic connection between CO2 and globalization, technological innovation (TI), economic growth, and renewable energy (REN) consumption in Spain. The current research applied the wavelet tools to assess these interconnection utilizing data stretching from 1980 to 2018. The outcomes of these analyses disclose that the association among the series evolves over frequency and time. The current analysis uncovers notable wavelet coherence and strong lead and lag connections in the frequency domain, whereas the time domain indicates inconsistent correlations among the variables of interest. The outcomes of the wavelet analysis from the economic perspective affirm that in the short and medium term, globalization, economic growth, and TI contribute to environmental degradation; however, in the long term, globalization, economic growth, and TI do not contribute to the degradation of the environment. Moreover, at different frequencies, REN consumption helps mitigate environmental degradation in Spain. Furthermore, the spectral causality test unveiled that in the long term, REN utilization, globalization, TI, and economic growth can predict CO2 emissions in Spain.

Sustainable development policies for achieving net-zero emissions require understanding the factors that influence carbon emissions. Capitalizing on the limitations of the existing literature, this study applies the quantile-on-quantile approach to investigate economic globalization's impact on carbon emissions in Australia for 1970-2018. The results from the quantile-on-quantile revealed a positive feedback linkage between globalization and carbon emissions at all quantiles. The results further indicated that while there is a positive feedback linkage between economic growth and carbon emissions at most quantiles, a positive feedback interconnection exists between carbon emissions and coal consumption at all quantiles. As a robustness check, we employed the quantile regression test, and the results from quantile regression are consistent with the findings from the quantile-on-quantile approach. The consistency of the results suggests that these study findings are reliable and suitable for informing policies that seek to address carbon emissions in Australia. The policy implications for Australia are discussed.

An accurate carbon emissions measurement is critical for developing an appropriate climate strategy to address ecological issues. A meaningful climate policy reaction can be offered based on trade adjusted statistics of carbon emissions. This research utilizes second-generation panel co-integration techniques to investigate the influence of globalization and renewable energy utilization on consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) as well as the role of nonrenewable energy use and economic growth in the MINT-(Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) countries from 1990 to 2018. The outcomes of the cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity tests revealed slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional units across nations. Furthermore, the outcomes of the cointegration test provided evidence of a long-run association between consumption-based CO2 emissions (CCCO2) and the regressors. Moreover, the outcomes of both common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) unveiled that economic growth and nonrenewable energy utilization contribute to the degradation of the environment, while globalization and renewable energy utilization help to curb the degradation of the environment. Furthermore, the outcomes of the causality test showed that all the regressors can predict CCO2 emissions in the MINT nations. Thus, policy channeled towards globalization, economic growth, and renewable energy utilization will have a significant effect on CCO2 emissions. Based on the study outcomes, significant policy recommendations are made for policymakers in the MINT nations.

The need to meet the world’s growing demand for energy in an environmentally sustainable manner has led to the exploration of various renewable energy (RE) resources for power generation. The objective of this study is to examine the techno-economic potential of concentrated solar power plants (i.e., linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) and central receiver system (CRS) for electricity generation in Eastern African countries with a case study on Ethiopia. The study was conducted using the System Advisor Model (SAM). In order to estimate the economics of the two power plants, the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the net present value (NPV) metrics were used. According to results obtained from the simulations, the LFR produced annual energy of 528 TWh at a capacity factor (CF) of 60.3%. The CRS also produced a total of 540 TWh at a CF of 61.9%. The LCOE (real) for the CRS is found to be 9.44 cent/kWh against 10.35 cent/kWh for the LFR. The NPV for both technologies is found to be positive for inflation rates of 2% and below. An inflation rate above 2% renders the two power plants financially impracticable. A real discount rate above 9% also renders both projects economically unviable. Based on the obtained results, the CRS system is identified as the best technology for electricity generation under the Jijiga climatic condition in Ethiopia.

Étant donné que les États-Unis d'Amérique et l'Union européenne figurent parmi les principales économies émettrices de gaz à effet de serre au monde, il reste encore à savoir si l'utilisation efficace des sources d'énergie non renouvelables ou l'intensification des énergies renouvelables dans ces économies représentent un avantage environnemental. Pour répondre à ces questions inhérentes, cette étude examine et compare les performances environnementales des économies en réponse à l'efficacité énergétique non renouvelable, à l'intensité énergétique renouvelable et aux technologies liées à l'environnement tout en contrôlant la rente des ressources naturelles et la population urbaine sur la période 1990–2019. En mettant en œuvre l'avantage des moindres carrés régularisés basés sur le noyau aux côtés de mesures de robustesse, les résultats postulent que l'efficacité énergétique non renouvelable, l'intensité énergétique renouvelable et les technologies liées à l'environnement atténuent considérablement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans les économies. Il est important de noter que si les trois indicateurs montrent un impact environnemental plus important dans l'UE, l'efficacité énergétique non renouvelable joue un rôle plus important et plus souhaitable sur le plan environnemental que les deux autres indicateurs. Inversement, les ressources naturelles et l'urbanisation entravent considérablement la durabilité environnementale en augmentant les émissions de GES dans les économies. Malheureusement, un impact environnemental terriblement plus dommageable résultant de l'urbanisation accrue est perceptible dans l'UE. Ces résultats permettent d'élaborer des mesures politiques concrètes pour les États-Unis et l'UE, et pour le monde entier, compte tenu de la prévision de l'objectif zéro net. Dado que los Estados Unidos de América y la Unión Europea se encuentran entre las principales economías emisoras de gases de efecto invernadero del mundo, aún no se ha respondido a las preguntas sobre si la utilización eficiente de fuentes de energía no renovables o la intensificación de la energía renovable en estas economías representan algún beneficio ambiental. Para responder a estas preguntas inherentes, este estudio examina y compara los rendimientos ambientales de las economías en respuesta a la eficiencia energética no renovable, la intensidad de la energía renovable y las tecnologías relacionadas con el medio ambiente, al tiempo que controla la renta de los recursos naturales y la población urbana durante el período 1990–2019. Al implementar la ventaja de los mínimos cuadrados regularizados basados en el núcleo junto con las medidas de robustez, los hallazgos postulan que la eficiencia energética no renovable, la intensidad de la energía renovable y las tecnologías relacionadas con el medio ambiente mitigan significativamente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en las economías. Es importante destacar que, si bien las tres métricas muestran un impacto ambiental más fuerte en la UE, la eficiencia energética no renovable desempeña un papel más ruidoso y deseable para el medio ambiente que las otras dos métricas. Por el contrario, los recursos naturales y la urbanización obstaculizan significativamente la sostenibilidad ambiental al aumentar las emisiones de GEI en las economías. Desafortunadamente, en la UE se observa un impacto ambiental terriblemente más perjudicial derivado del aumento de la urbanización. Estos hallazgos permiten que se diseñen medidas políticas concretas para los EE. UU. y la UE, y para todo el mundo, dada la previsión del objetivo cero neto. Given that the United States of America and European Union are among the world's top greenhouse gas emitting economies, it poses yet to be answered questions on whether efficient utilization of nonrenewable energy sources or renewable energy intensification in these economies account for any environmental benefit. To answer these inherent questions, this study examines and compares environmental performances of the economies in response to nonrenewable energy efficiency, renewable energy intensity, and environmental-related technologies while controlling for natural resource rent and urban population over the period 1990–2019. By implementing the advantage of Kernel-Based Regularized Least Squares alongside robustness measures, the findings posit that nonrenewable energy efficiency, renewable energy intensity, and environmental-related technologies significantly mitigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the economies. Importantly, while the three metrics show louder environmental impact in the EU, nonrenewable energy efficiency plays a louder and environmentally desirable role than the other two metrics. Conversely, natural resources and urbanization significantly hampers environmental sustainability by increasing GHG emission in the economies. Unfortunately, a terribly more damaging environmental impact arising from increased urbanization is noticeable in the EU. These findings afford concrete policy measures to be further devised for the USA and EU, and the entire globe given the foresight of net zero target. بالنظر إلى أن الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والاتحاد الأوروبي من بين أكبر الاقتصادات المسببة لانبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في العالم، فإنه يطرح أسئلة لم تتم الإجابة عليها بعد حول ما إذا كان الاستخدام الفعال لمصادر الطاقة غير المتجددة أو تكثيف الطاقة المتجددة في هذه الاقتصادات يمثل أي فائدة بيئية. للإجابة على هذه الأسئلة المتأصلة، تبحث هذه الدراسة وتقارن الأداء البيئي للاقتصادات استجابة لكفاءة الطاقة غير المتجددة وكثافة الطاقة المتجددة والتقنيات المتعلقة بالبيئة مع التحكم في إيجار الموارد الطبيعية وسكان الحضر خلال الفترة 1990–2019. من خلال تنفيذ ميزة المربعات الصغرى المنتظمة القائمة على النواة إلى جانب تدابير المتانة، تفترض النتائج أن كفاءة الطاقة غير المتجددة وكثافة الطاقة المتجددة والتقنيات المتعلقة بالبيئة تخفف بشكل كبير من انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في الاقتصادات. الأهم من ذلك، في حين أن المقاييس الثلاثة تظهر تأثيرًا بيئيًا أعلى في الاتحاد الأوروبي، فإن كفاءة الطاقة غير المتجددة تلعب دورًا أعلى ومرغوبًا فيه بيئيًا من المقياسين الآخرين. وعلى العكس من ذلك، فإن الموارد الطبيعية والتحضر يعوقان الاستدامة البيئية بشكل كبير من خلال زيادة انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في الاقتصادات. لسوء الحظ، هناك تأثير بيئي أكثر ضررًا بشكل رهيب ناتج عن زيادة التحضر ملحوظ في الاتحاد الأوروبي. توفر هذه النتائج تدابير سياسية ملموسة يجب وضعها بشكل أكبر للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والاتحاد الأوروبي، والعالم بأسره نظرًا لبعد النظر عن الهدف الصافي الصفري.

Global climate change brings environmental quality sensitivity, especially in European countries. In this context, European countries are striving to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Renewable energy use can be an effective way to curtail the increasing environmental degradation. How the oil prices shape the energy use pattern and environmental quality remains unclear to date. Therefore, the present research examines the linkage between energy use (non-renewable and renewable energy), oil prices, and CO2 emissions in 30 European countries between 1997 and 2017. The study applied fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), Westerlund (2007) cointegration and the Driscoll-Kraay Regression tests to explore these associations. The result of individual samples and the full sample provides the same intimations for the use of energy in Europe. The outcomes of the research ratify the existence of a long-run relationship among variables and found that non-renewable energy consumption increases CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption mitigates CO2 emissions. Furthermore, when the oil prices rise, people switch towards substitute energy sources that reduce CO2 emissions. Based on the results, the study suggests that European countries should increase the share of renewable energy, promote the use of clean energy resources, and discourage fossil fuel energy consumption to ensure sustainability.