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The paper presents the assumptions for the computer simulation of a forest fire in accordance with digital topographic map of forests and short-term weather forecast. To conduct the simulation, a software has been created. The software includes deterministic mathematical model of a forest fire. Input data have been extracted from the short-term weather forecast and the digital forest maps. The application range covers both planning of a controlled fire, e.g. in cases when the fires are intentionally started by the forest services to get rid of accumulated forest material, as well as to plan extinguishing actions and to plan appropriate disposal of resources during the extinguishing of a forest fire. Creation of the described simulation environment arises from the need of optimum planning of the extinguishing actions in local fire service centers. The initial risk assessment in the stage of planning the extinguishing action, will allow efficient management of equipment by the local units. It also prevents from repeating wrong decisions made in the early stages. This need imposes limiting the use of equipment platforms to medium class PC’s. The outcomes of the paper provides accessibility of a tool supporting the decision making process and assessing the damages in the high risk conditions of a forest fire. Furthermore, conducting a simulation allows to estimate the need for fire fighting equipment in the case of total and border extinguishing of a fire, for different weather conditions, considering fire density. В работе представлены рекомендации для компьютерной симуляции лесного пожара, основанной на цифровой топографической информации о лесах и краткосрочном прогнозе погоды. Для проведения симуляции было создано программное обеспечение, содержащее детерминированную математическую модель лесного пожара. Входные данные были получены из краткосрочного прогноза погоды и цифровых карт лесов. Область применения симуляции планирование контролируемого пожара, намеренно вызванного лесными службами с целью удаления избытка собранного лесного материала, а также планирование пожаротушащих работ и распределение ресурсов во время тушения лесного пожара. Создание данного инструмента симуляции обосновано необходимостью оптимально планировать пожартушащие работы в местных центрах пожарной службы. Ранняя оценка риска на этапе планирования пожаротушащей работы позволит эффекитвно рапределять средства местными центрами и предотвратить ошибки при принятии решений на ранних этапах. Вышеуказанная необходимость вынуждает ограничить применение оборудования до персональных компьютеров среднего класса. Результат работы обеспечивает доступность инструмента, поддерживающего принятие решений и оценки потерь в условиях повышенной угрозы лесного пожара. Кроме того, симуляция позволяет оценить необходимое количество средств для тушения целой территории, охваченной пожаром или только её края при разных погодных условиях, с учётем огневой нагрузки данного участка.

The paper presents the assumptions for the computer simulation of a forest fire in accordance with digital topographic map of forests and short-term weather forecast. To conduct the simulation, a software has been created. The software includes deterministic mathematical model of a forest fire. Input data have been extracted from the short-term weather forecast and the digital forest maps. The application range covers both planning of a controlled fire, e.g. in cases when the fires are intentionally started by the forest services to get rid of accumulated forest material, as well as to plan extinguishing actions and to plan appropriate disposal of resources during the extinguishing of a forest fire. Creation of the described simulation environment arises from the need of optimum planning of the extinguishing actions in local fire service centers. The initial risk assessment in the stage of planning the extinguishing action, will allow efficient management of equipment by the local units. It also prevents from repeating wrong decisions made in the early stages. This need imposes limiting the use of equipment platforms to medium class PC’s. The outcomes of the paper provides accessibility of a tool supporting the decision making process and assessing the damages in the high risk conditions of a forest fire. Furthermore, conducting a simulation allows to estimate the need for fire fighting equipment in the case of total and border extinguishing of a fire, for different weather conditions, considering fire density. В работе представлены рекомендации для компьютерной симуляции лесного пожара, основанной на цифровой топографической информации о лесах и краткосрочном прогнозе погоды. Для проведения симуляции было создано программное обеспечение, содержащее детерминированную математическую модель лесного пожара. Входные данные были получены из краткосрочного прогноза погоды и цифровых карт лесов. Область применения симуляции планирование контролируемого пожара, намеренно вызванного лесными службами с целью удаления избытка собранного лесного материала, а также планирование пожаротушащих работ и распределение ресурсов во время тушения лесного пожара. Создание данного инструмента симуляции обосновано необходимостью оптимально планировать пожартушащие работы в местных центрах пожарной службы. Ранняя оценка риска на этапе планирования пожаротушащей работы позволит эффекитвно рапределять средства местными центрами и предотвратить ошибки при принятии решений на ранних этапах. Вышеуказанная необходимость вынуждает ограничить применение оборудования до персональных компьютеров среднего класса. Результат работы обеспечивает доступность инструмента, поддерживающего принятие решений и оценки потерь в условиях повышенной угрозы лесного пожара. Кроме того, симуляция позволяет оценить необходимое количество средств для тушения целой территории, охваченной пожаром или только её края при разных погодных условиях, с учётем огневой нагрузки данного участка.

The occurrences of Cambro-Ordovician organic-rich black shale and their metamorphosed Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic analogues have been known in Fennoscandia for a long time. These rocks show high concentrations of U, Mo, V, Zn, Pb, Ni and other metals. For example, Estonian uranium reserves have been estimated at 6.6 million tons (U 3O 8). Apart from commercial interest, there are environmental aspects related to black shale. Early mining in Sweden and Estonia caused significant damage to environment. Black shale emanates radon, and the weathering of shale releases harmful elements into the soil and groundwater. As the Fennoscandian and Baltoscandian black shale provides a large lithological and geochemical variety of shale and meta-shale, there is need for a new and updated assessment and re-evaluation of this resource. Our proposal is to feed geological, geochemical and environmental information into the Fennoscandian-Baltoscandian Black Shale Database (FBSD) with browser-based visualization possibilities. The database gathers data on both Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks, and includes shale stratigraphy, resource, metal/element distribution, environmental impact assessment, soil and groundwater impact, etc. Some visualizations have been presented using Estonian graptolite argillites as an example.

The occurrences of Cambro-Ordovician organic-rich black shale and their metamorphosed Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic analogues have been known in Fennoscandia for a long time. These rocks show high concentrations of U, Mo, V, Zn, Pb, Ni and other metals. For example, Estonian uranium reserves have been estimated at 6.6 million tons (U 3O 8). Apart from commercial interest, there are environmental aspects related to black shale. Early mining in Sweden and Estonia caused significant damage to environment. Black shale emanates radon, and the weathering of shale releases harmful elements into the soil and groundwater. As the Fennoscandian and Baltoscandian black shale provides a large lithological and geochemical variety of shale and meta-shale, there is need for a new and updated assessment and re-evaluation of this resource. Our proposal is to feed geological, geochemical and environmental information into the Fennoscandian-Baltoscandian Black Shale Database (FBSD) with browser-based visualization possibilities. The database gathers data on both Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks, and includes shale stratigraphy, resource, metal/element distribution, environmental impact assessment, soil and groundwater impact, etc. Some visualizations have been presented using Estonian graptolite argillites as an example.

The study of climate indicators in areas where there have been changes in their connection with the drying up of the Aral Sea in the last 30 years is the subject of special attention. The aim of this work was to study changes in climate parameters in the village Galagash during the cold season. The results of evaluation of meteorological parameters in the study area is characterized by the climate in the study period, the time is sharply continental, with a high temperature air to 11 0С, with differences of humidity from 74% to 100% and wind speed of 8 m/s. Изучение климатических показателей на территориях, где произошли их изменения в связи с усыханием Аральского моря за последние 30 лет является предметом особого внимания. Целью данной работы явилось изучение изменений параметров климата на территории поселка Жалагаш в холодный период года. Результаты оценки метеорологических параметров на изучаемой территории ха-рактеризуют климат в изучаемый период времени года, как резко-континенталь-ный, с температурой воздуха до 110С, с перепадами влажности воздуха от 74% до 100% и скоростью ветра до 8 м/с.

The study of climate indicators in areas where there have been changes in their connection with the drying up of the Aral Sea in the last 30 years is the subject of special attention. The aim of this work was to study changes in climate parameters in the village Galagash during the cold season. The results of evaluation of meteorological parameters in the study area is characterized by the climate in the study period, the time is sharply continental, with a high temperature air to 11 0С, with differences of humidity from 74% to 100% and wind speed of 8 m/s. Изучение климатических показателей на территориях, где произошли их изменения в связи с усыханием Аральского моря за последние 30 лет является предметом особого внимания. Целью данной работы явилось изучение изменений параметров климата на территории поселка Жалагаш в холодный период года. Результаты оценки метеорологических параметров на изучаемой территории ха-рактеризуют климат в изучаемый период времени года, как резко-континенталь-ный, с температурой воздуха до 110С, с перепадами влажности воздуха от 74% до 100% и скоростью ветра до 8 м/с.

This paper focuses on research to determine the feasibility of the design to improve energy efficiency and to improve climate conditions in residential buildings. The methods and recommendations intended for the local building tradition. As a result, evaluate the real effectiveness of the design of energy efficient processes and provides recommendations on the development of residential buildings.

This paper focuses on research to determine the feasibility of the design to improve energy efficiency and to improve climate conditions in residential buildings. The methods and recommendations intended for the local building tradition. As a result, evaluate the real effectiveness of the design of energy efficient processes and provides recommendations on the development of residential buildings.

The results of assessing the radiation situation due to global fallouts, obtained from measurement of 137Cs and 90Sr in over 400 samples from natural environmental objects in Moscow in 1979-1999 have indicated that the levels of the substances in the atmospheric fallouts are in agreement with the mean Russian levels and the mean annual activity of these radionuclides in the ambient air are 6 orders lower than the allowable values laid down in NRB-99. In Moscow, the mean effective dose of external exposure to natural and cosmogenic radionuclides is no greater than 1 m3v a year. The individual effective doses of internal and external exposures of the population to global fallouts averages 13 mu k3v a year.

The results of assessing the radiation situation due to global fallouts, obtained from measurement of 137Cs and 90Sr in over 400 samples from natural environmental objects in Moscow in 1979-1999 have indicated that the levels of the substances in the atmospheric fallouts are in agreement with the mean Russian levels and the mean annual activity of these radionuclides in the ambient air are 6 orders lower than the allowable values laid down in NRB-99. In Moscow, the mean effective dose of external exposure to natural and cosmogenic radionuclides is no greater than 1 m3v a year. The individual effective doses of internal and external exposures of the population to global fallouts averages 13 mu k3v a year.