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  • Energy Research
  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • 3. Good health
  • Universidade Nova de Lisboa

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Miguel Amado;
    Miguel Amado
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Miguel Amado in OpenAIRE
    orcid Francesca Poggi;
    Francesca Poggi
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Francesca Poggi in OpenAIRE
    António Ribeiro Amado; Sílvia Breu;

    Cities, as main energy consumers, play a crucial role in achieving a more sustainable energy future. This means that there is an urgent need to transform the way of planning urban areas, focusing on more efficient and self-reliant energy production and consumption modes overall. In this framework, the aim of this study is to explore the Net-Zero energy balance between two spatial scales: the whole city with its diversified energy consumption patterns, and those urban blocks, neighborhoods, or industrial areas that can produce energy and supply it to other areas. This approach leads to the development of an energy zoning for the city, based on the geographical urban delimitation of solar energy exporters cells and the energy consuming ones. On the production side, cells are delimited according to their solar energy production potential. On the demand side, cells are delimited according to four specific criteria: construction timeline, population density, urban morphologies, and land-use patterns that permit the definition of a classification of urban areas, based on the different energy consumption levels. In this paper, the web platform “E-City”, a tool for planning energy balance at urban level is presented, by describing its practical application in the city of Oeiras, Portugal. The platform integrates itself with the existing municipal Geographic Information System, exploring both spatial and statistical dimensions associated with zoning and the overall energy network system. Results from the use of this tool are relevant for urban planning practices, formulation of policies, and management of public investment that can be guided to more energy efficient solutions and supporting the transition towards nearly zero-energy cities.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Energies
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      Energies
      Article . 2018
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    Authors: orcid Carmen Sánchez-Guevara;
    Carmen Sánchez-Guevara
    ORCID
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    Carmen Sánchez-Guevara in OpenAIRE
    orcid Pedro Palma;
    Pedro Palma
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    Pedro Palma in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ioanna Kyprianou;
    Ioanna Kyprianou
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ioanna Kyprianou in OpenAIRE
    Tareq Abu Hamed; +10 Authors

    The intensity and duration of hot weather and the number of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, are increasing, leading to a growing need for space cooling energy demand. Together with the building stock’s low energy performance, this phenomenon may also increase households’ energy consumption. On the other hand, the low level of ownership of cooling equipment can cause low energy consumption, leading to a lack of indoor thermal comfort and several health-related problems, yet increasing the risk of energy poverty in summer. Understanding future temperature variations and the associated impacts on building cooling demand will allow mitigating future issues related to a warmer climate. In this respect, this paper analyses the effects of change in temperatures in the residential sector cooling demand in 2050 for a case study of nineteen cities across seven countries: Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Israel, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain, by estimating cooling degree days and hours (CDD and CDH). CDD and CDH are calculated using both fixed and adaptive thermal comfort temperature thresholds for 2020 and 2050, understanding their strengths and weaknesses to assess the effects of warmer temperatures. Results suggest a noticeable average increase in CDD and CDH values, up to double, by using both thresholds for 2050, with a particular interest in northern countries where structural modifications in the building stock and occupants’ behavior should be anticipated. Furthermore, the use of the adaptive thermal comfort threshold shows that the projected temperature increases for 2050 might affect people’s capability to adapt their comfort band (i.e., indoor habitability) as temperatures would be higher than the maximum admissible values for people’s comfort and health.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Sustainability
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    Sustainability
    Article . 2021
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      Sustainability
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    Authors: Manuel Sampayo; orcid Paulo Peças;
    Paulo Peças
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Paulo Peças in OpenAIRE
    Lenin John;

    The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the implementation of Lean & Green (L&G) in an Industry 4.0 (I4.0) environment can enhance the potential impact of the L&G approach and help manufacturing companies moving towards higher operational and sustainable performances. The research work developed here shows that although a proper definition of L&G is neither exposed worldwide nor explicitly implemented under that name, the current industrial firms are deeply concerned about the demanding challenge of keeping businesses flexible and agile without forgetting strategies to minimize the acceleration of climate change. So, one contribution of this paper is the identification and characterization of L&G drivers and design principles, supporting a robust and well-informed L&G systems implementation. As inferred from the research work, this challenge demands high quality and updated data together with assertive information. Thus, the implementation of L&G in I4.0 contexts is the answer to overcome the identified barriers. Likewise, an L&G system contributes to overcoming the challenges of I4.0 implementation regarding the triple bottom line sustainability concept. Consequently, another contribution of this paper is to depict why an L&G system performs better in the I4.0 context.

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    Authors: orcid Ana R. P. Gonçalves;
    Ana R. P. Gonçalves
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ana R. P. Gonçalves in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ana P. C. Ribeiro;
    Ana P. C. Ribeiro
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Ana P. C. Ribeiro in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Sofia Orišková;
    Sofia Orišková
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Sofia Orišková in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins;
    Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    The conversion of renewable feedstocks into new added-value products is a current hot topic that includes the biodiesel industry. When converting vegetable oils into biodiesel, approximately 10% of glycerol byproduct is produced. Glycerol can be envisaged as a chemical platform due to its chemical versatility, as a scaffold or building block, in producing a wide range of added-value chemicals. Thus, the development of sustainable routes to obtain glycerol-based products is crucial and urgent. This certainly encompasses the use of raw carbonaceous materials from biomass as heterogeneous acid catalysts. Moreover, the integration of surface functional groups, such as sulfonic acid, in carbon-based solid materials, makes them low cost, exhibiting high catalytic activity with concomitant stability. This review summarizes the work developed by the scientific community, during the last 10 years, on the use of biochar catalysts for glycerol transformation.

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    Molecules
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Molecules
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    Authors: Sophia Baumert; orcid Ana Catarina Luz;
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    Dans les centres urbains du Mozambique, le charbon de bois est la principale source d'énergie pour la cuisson. La demande croissante entraîne des taux élevés d'extraction du bois sur des zones croissantes de forêts de miombo et de mopane. La production de charbon de bois peut entraîner des changements dans la fourniture de services écosystémiques et la dégradation des forêts tout en contribuant de manière significative au revenu rural et, éventuellement, à la réduction de la pauvreté. En tant que tel, la compréhension de la production et du commerce du charbon de bois a des implications importantes pour les zones rurales et pour le développement durable des ressources forestières. Ici, nous étudions la production et le commerce du charbon de bois grâce à des recherches empiriques menées dans la province de Gaza, la principale source de charbon de bois région de Maputo, Mozambique.Nous analysons la structure actuelle des principales chaînes d'approvisionnement en charbon de bois de la province de Gaza à Maputo et la répartition des bénéfices le long de celles-ci.Sept villages du district de Mabalane, à Gaza, à différents stades d'engagement avec l'industrie du charbon de bois, ont été sélectionnés pour enquête.Nous avons mené des enquêtes auprès des ménages et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des informateurs clés (chefs de village, producteurs de charbon de bois, titulaires de licence, grossistes, transporteurs et techniciens forestiers), de mai à octobre 2014.Nos résultats mettent en évidence deux principales chaînes d'approvisionnement en charbon de bois comprenant quatre principaux groupes d'acteurs a) Petites entreprises locales les opérateurs produisant du charbon de bois à petite échelle avec la main-d' œuvre des ménages, qui vendent aux grossistes b) Les opérateurs à grande échelle produisant et commercialisant de grands volumes de charbon de bois à l'aide de main-d' œuvre migrante, qui vendent leur propre production aux grossistes.Bien que la production de charbon de bois constitue une source de revenus importante pour les ménages ruraux de Mabalane, dans le cadre de la chaîne d'approvisionnement a) plus de 90% des avantages monétaires n'atteignent pas les communautés locales et restent avec des agents externes.Les deux principaux facteurs entravant la génération de revenus plus importants au niveau communautaire sont : 1) les charges bureaucratiques liées à l'obtention des droits de commercialisation du charbon de bois sous forme de licences ; et 2) les faibles capacités institutionnelles pour la gouvernance des ressources forestières.Nous concluons que l'accès aux marchés et le contrôle des forêts sont essentiels si les communautés locales veulent générer de plus grands avantages de la production de charbon de bois tout en visant une production durable de charbon de bois.Les institutions locales fortes pour l'obtention des droits de commercialisation et la gestion des ressources forestières doivent être développées, tandis que la restructuration du système d'octroi de licences en faveur des petits producteurs et un contrôle plus rigoureux de la réglementation pourraient soutenir ce processus. En los centros urbanos de Mozambique, el carbón vegetal es la principal fuente de energía para cocinar. La creciente demanda impulsa altas tasas de extracción de madera en áreas crecientes de bosques de miombo y mopane. La producción de carbón vegetal puede conducir a cambios en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos y la degradación de los bosques, al tiempo que contribuye significativamente a los ingresos rurales y, posiblemente, a la mitigación de la pobreza. Por lo tanto, comprender la producción y el comercio de carbón vegetal tiene implicaciones importantes para las áreas rurales y para el desarrollo sostenible de los recursos forestales. Aquí, investigamos la producción y el comercio de carbón vegetal a través de investigaciones empíricas realizadas en la provincia de Gaza, el principal suministro de carbón vegetal área de Maputo, Mozambique. Analizamos la estructura actual de las principales cadenas de suministro de carbón desde la provincia de Gaza hasta Maputo y la distribución de beneficios a lo largo de ellas. Se seleccionaron siete aldeas en el distrito de Mabalane, Gaza, en diferentes etapas de compromiso con la industria del carbón. Realizamos encuestas de hogares y entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave (líderes de aldeas, productores de carbón, titulares de licencias, mayoristas, transportistas y técnicos forestales), de mayo a octubre de 2014. Nuestros resultados destacan dos cadenas principales de suministro de carbón que comprenden cuatro grupos de actores principales a) Pequeña escala local operadores que producen carbón vegetal a pequeña escala con mano de obra doméstica, que venden a mayoristas b) Operadores a gran escala que producen y comercializan grandes volúmenes de carbón vegetal utilizando mano de obra migrante, que venden su propia producción a mayoristas. Si bien la producción de carbón vegetal constituye una importante fuente de ingresos para los hogares rurales en Mabalane, en la cadena de suministro a) más del 90% de los beneficios monetarios no llegan a las comunidades locales y permanecen con agentes externos. Dos de los principales factores que impiden la generación de mayores ingresos a nivel comunitario son: 1) las cargas burocráticas para obtener derechos de comercialización de carbón vegetal en forma de licencias; y 2) las débiles capacidades institucionales para la gobernanza de los recursos forestales. Concluimos que el acceso a los mercados y el control sobre los bosques es clave para que las comunidades locales generen mayores beneficios de la producción de carbón vegetal mientras apuntan a la producción sostenible de carbón vegetal. Deben desarrollarse instituciones locales sólidas para obtener derechos de comercialización y gestionar los recursos forestales, mientras que la reestructuración del sistema de licencias a favor de los pequeños productores y un control más riguroso de las regulaciones podrían apoyar este proceso. In urban centres of Mozambique, charcoal is the major energy source for cooking.Growing demand drives high wood extraction rates over increasing areas of miombo and mopane woodlands.Charcoal production can lead to changes in ecosystem service provision and woodland degradation while also significantly contributing to rural income and, possibly, poverty alleviation.As such, understanding charcoal production and trade has important implications for rural areas and for the sustainable development of woodland resources.Here, we investigate charcoal production and trade through empirical research conducted in Gaza Province, the main charcoal supply area for Maputo, Mozambique.We analyse the present structure of the main charcoal supply chains from Gaza province to Maputo and the profit distribution along them.Seven villages in the Mabalane district, Gaza, at different stages of engagement with the charcoal industry, were selected for investigation.We conducted household surveys and semi-structured interviews with key informants (village leaders, charcoal producers, licence holders, wholesalers, transporters and forest technicians), from May to October 2014.Our results highlight two main charcoal supply chains comprising four main actor groups a) Local small-scale operators producing charcoal on a small-scale with household labour, who sell to wholesalers b) Large-scale operators producing and commercialising large volumes of charcoal using migrant labour, who sell their own production to wholesalers.While charcoal production constitutes an important income source for rural households in Mabalane, under supply chain a) more than 90% of the monetary benefits do not reach local communities and remain with external agents.Two of the main factors impeding the generation of greater revenues at community level are: 1) bureaucratic burdens in obtaining charcoal commercialisation rights in the form of licences; and 2) weak institutional capacities for woodland resource governance.We conclude that access to markets and control over woodlands is key if local communities are to generate greater benefits from charcoal production while aiming at sustainable charcoal production.Strong local institutions for obtaining commercialisation rights and managing woodland resources have to be developed, while the restructuring of the licencing system in favour of small-scale producers and more rigorous control of the regulations could support this process. في المراكز الحضرية في موزمبيق، يعد الفحم مصدر الطاقة الرئيسي للطهي. يؤدي الطلب المتزايد إلى ارتفاع معدلات استخراج الأخشاب على مناطق متزايدة من غابات الميومبو والموبان. يمكن أن يؤدي إنتاج الفحم إلى تغييرات في توفير خدمات النظام الإيكولوجي وتدهور الغابات مع المساهمة أيضًا بشكل كبير في الدخل الريفي، وربما التخفيف من حدة الفقر. على هذا النحو، فإن فهم إنتاج الفحم وتجارته له آثار مهمة على المناطق الريفية وعلى التنمية المستدامة لموارد الغابات. هنا، نقوم بالتحقيق في إنتاج الفحم وتجارته من خلال البحوث التجريبية التي أجريت في محافظة غزة، وهي مصدر الفحم الرئيسي منطقة مابوتو، موزمبيق. قمنا بتحليل الهيكل الحالي لسلاسل توريد الفحم الرئيسية من محافظة غزة إلى مابوتو وتوزيع الأرباح على طولها. تم اختيار سبع قرى في منطقة مابالاني، غزة، في مراحل مختلفة من المشاركة مع صناعة الفحم، للتحقيق فيها. أجرينا دراسات استقصائية للأسر المعيشية ومقابلات شبه منظمة مع المخبرين الرئيسيين (قادة القرى ومنتجي الفحم وأصحاب التراخيص وتجار الجملة والناقلين وفنيي الغابات)، من مايو إلى أكتوبر 2014. تسلط نتائجنا الضوء على سلسلتين رئيسيتين لتوريد الفحم تضم أربع مجموعات فاعلة رئيسية أ) على نطاق صغير محلي المشغلون الذين ينتجون الفحم على نطاق صغير مع العمالة المنزلية، الذين يبيعون لتجار الجملة ب) المشغلون على نطاق واسع ينتجون ويسوقون كميات كبيرة من الفحم باستخدام العمالة المهاجرة، الذين يبيعون إنتاجهم الخاص لتجار الجملة. في حين أن إنتاج الفحم يشكل مصدر دخل مهم للأسر الريفية في مابالاني، في إطار سلسلة التوريد أ) أكثر من 90 ٪ من الفوائد النقدية لا تصل إلى المجتمعات المحلية وتبقى مع وكلاء خارجيين. اثنان من العوامل الرئيسية التي تعوق توليد إيرادات أكبر على مستوى المجتمع هي: 1) الأعباء البيروقراطية في الحصول على حقوق تسويق الفحم في شكل تراخيص ؛ و 2) ضعف القدرات المؤسسية لإدارة موارد الغابات. نستنتج أن الوصول إلى الأسواق والسيطرة على الغابات أمر أساسي إذا كانت المجتمعات المحلية ستولد فوائد أكبر من إنتاج الفحم مع استهداف إنتاج الفحم المستدام. يجب تطوير مؤسسات محلية قوية للحصول على حقوق التسويق وإدارة موارد الغابات، في حين أن إعادة هيكلة نظام الترخيص لصالح صغار المنتجين والسيطرة الأكثر صرامة على هذه العملية يمكن أن تدعم.

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    Authors: Guddal, Torstein Nilsen;

    From global efficiency to local self-sufficiency -The challenges & developments of globalization on the food industry dynamics. The food industry presents a growing fragmented market which are adapting to consumer shifts and continuously changing industry dynamics -to be resilient and relevant. The industry contains of supply chain actors both contributing to ecological and social challenges, including food waste, climate change and health diseases. Conscious consumer shifts drive the development towards self-sufficiency, with players taking actions both in formal organizational commitments and in terms of the marketing P ́s: unique sustainable products, home-delivery, reusable plastic and organic production.

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    Authors: orcid Norberto Fueyo;
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    In the Mediterranean area most of the public authorities need to enhance their institutional capacity in the field of Energy Efficiency (EE) and use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in order to contribute to the Energy Performance of Buildings and the Energy Efficiency Directives, developing solutions suited to various regional contexts. The PrioritEE project, funded by the Interreg MED programme, aims at reinforcing the capacities of public administrations in selecting and implementing eco-friendly and cost-effective energy planning measures. This paper aims to describe the main efforts carried out by local public authorities and professional institutions from five MED countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain, Greece and Croatia) in order to reduce energy consumption and prioritize EE investments in Municipal Public Buildings (MPBs). In particular, it focuses on the methodological framework describing the main components of the proposed toolbox, the main objectives and expected outcomes but also the current achievements and the way forward.

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    Helena Santos
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    Helena Santos in OpenAIRE
    +1 Authors

    Dairy industries have a high environmental impact, with very high energy and water consumption and polluting effluents. To increase the sustainability of these industries it is urgent to implement technologies for wastewater treatment allowing water recycling and energy savings. In this study, dairy wastewater was processed by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration or ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) and retentates from the second membrane separation processes were assessed for bioenergy production. Lactose-fermenting yeasts were tested in direct conversion of the retentates (lactose-rich streams) into bioethanol. Two Kluyveromyces strains efficiently fermented all the lactose, with ethanol yields higher than 90% (>0.47 g/g yield). Under severe oxygen-limiting conditions, the K. marxianus PYCC 3286 strain reached 70 g/L of ethanol, which is compatible with energy-efficient distillation processes. In turn, the RO permeate is suitable for recycling into the cleaning process. The proposed integrated process, using UF/RO membrane technology, could allow water recycling (RO permeate) and bioenergy production (from RO retentate) for a more sustainable dairy industry.

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    Microorganisms
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    Microorganisms
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      Microorganisms
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    Authors: Whitney R. Friedman; Whitney R. Friedman; Benjamin S. Halpern; Benjamin S. Halpern; +24 Authors

    ABSTRACT: The health of coastal human communities and marine ecosystems are at risk from a host of anthropogenic stressors, in particular, climate change. Because ecological health and human well-being are inextricably connected, effective and positive responses to current risks require multidisciplinary solutions. Yet, the complexity of coupled social-ecological systems has left many potential solutions unidentified or insufficiently explored. The urgent need to achieve positive social and ecological outcomes across local and global scales necessitates rapid and targeted multidisciplinary research to identify solutions that have the greatest chance of promoting benefits for both people and nature. To address these challenges, we conducted a forecasting exercise with a diverse, multidisciplinary team to identify priority research questions needed to promote sustainable and just marine social-ecological systems now and into the future, within the context of climate change and population growth. In contrast to the traditional reactive cycle of science and management, we aimed to generate questions that focus on what we need to know, before we need to know it. Participants were presented with the question, "If we were managing oceans in 2050 and looking back, what research, primary or synthetic, would wish we had invested in today?" We first identified major social and ecological events over the past 60 years that shaped current human relationships with coasts and oceans. We then used a modified Delphi approach to identify nine priority research areas and 46 questions focused on increasing sustainability and well-being in marine social-ecological systems. The research areas we identified include relationships between ecological and human health, access to resources, equity, governance, economics, resilience, and technology. Most questions require increased collaboration across traditionally distinct disciplines and sectors for successful study and implementation. By identifying these questions, we hope to facilitate the discourse, research, and policies needed to rapidly promote healthy marine ecosystems and the human communities that depend upon them.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Marine Science
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    Frontiers in Marine Science
    Article . 2020
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    UCrea
    Article . 2020
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
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    Authors: orcid Elena Surra;
    Elena Surra
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    Elena Surra in OpenAIRE
    orcid Manuela Correia;
    Manuela Correia
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    Manuela Correia in OpenAIRE
    orcid Sónia Figueiredo;
    Sónia Figueiredo
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    Sónia Figueiredo in OpenAIRE
    orcid Jaime Gabriel Silva;
    Jaime Gabriel Silva
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Jaime Gabriel Silva in OpenAIRE
    +6 Authors

    Several pesticides and pharmaceuticals (PP) have been detected in the effluent of a full-scale Portuguese Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Their presence contributed to the environmental burdens associated with the existing treatment of the Municipal Wastewater (MWW) in the impact categories of Human Carcinogenicity, Non-Carcinogenicity, and Freshwater toxicities on average by 85%, 60%, and 90%, respectively (ReciPe2016 and USEtox methods). The environmental and economic assessment of the installation of an Anodic Oxidation (AO) unit for PPs’ removal was performed through Life Cycle and Economic Analysis, considering two types of anodes, the Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) and the Mixed Metal Oxides (MMO). The operation of the AO unit increased the environmental burdens of the system by 95% on average (USEtox), but these impacts can be partially compensated by the avoided the production of non-renewable energy in the Portuguese electricity mix by biogas cogeneration at the WWTP. If the construction of the AO unit and the manufacturing of the electrodes are considered, the Human and Freshwater Toxicities are often higher than the environmental benefits derived from the PPs’ removal. On the economic side, the MMO configuration is clearly more advantageous, whereas BDD is environmentally more favorable. The issue of the presence of PP in MWW effluents has to be addressed as an integrated solution both improving upstream PP’s management and adopting PP’s removal technologies strongly supported by renewable energies. Further insights are needed for the assessment of fate and of the environmental effects of PP in the sludge.

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