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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2009Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Den Haag (Netherlands); Ministerie Van Buitenlandse Zaken, Brussel (Belgium); Wageningen International, Wageningen (Netherlands) Projet BBI 13286 : Pêche durable des petits pélagiques en Afrique Nord Ouest Ce rapport a été préparé avec le soutien financier de la Coopération néerlandaise (DGIS) dans le cadre de son Programme de politique internationale en matière de biodiversité (BBI). Published pêche traditionnelle; taille; échantillonnage; écosystème; upwelling; biomasse; filet maillant dérivant; senne tournante; senne moustiquaire; senne de plage; maquereau; chinchard; sardinelle; ethmalose; reproduction; courant; stocks; réglementation; pêche par espéce; engin de pêche; pélagique; zone côtière; pirogue; pêche artisanale; pêcheur
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2017 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Okba , Abderrahim;National audience The electronic domain has known a significant expansion the last decades, all the advancements made has led to the development of miniature and efficient electronic devices used in many applications such as cyber physical systems. These systems use low-power wireless sensors for: detection, monitoring and so on. The use of wireless sensors has many advantages: • The flexibility of their location, they allow the access to hazardous areas. • The realization of lighter system, less expensive and less cumbersome. • The elimination of all the problems associated to the cables (erosion, impermeability…) • The deployment of sensor arrays. Therefore, these wireless sensors need to be supplied somehow with energy to be able to function properly. The classic ways of supplying energy such as batteries have some drawbacks, they are limited in energy and must be replaced periodically, and this is not conceivable for applications where the wireless sensor is placed in hazardous places or in places where the access is impossible. So, it is necessary to find another way to permanently provide energy to these wireless sensors. The integration and miniaturization of the electronic devices has led to low power consumption systems, which opens a way to another techniques in terms of providing energy. Amongst the possibilities, we can find the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and Energy Harvesting (EH). In fact, the electromagnetic energy is nowadays highly available in our planet thanks to all the applications that use wireless systems. We can take advantage of this massive available quantity of energy and use it to power-up the low power wireless sensors. This thesis is incorporated within the framework of WPT and EH. Its objective is the conception and realization of electromagnetic energy harvesters called “Rectenna” in order to supply energy to low power wireless sensors. The term “rectenna” is the combination of two words: Antenna and Rectifier. The Antenna is the module that captures the electromagnetic ambient energy and converts it to a RF signal, the rectifier is the RF circuit that converts this RF signal into a continuous (DC) signal that is used to supply the wireless sensors. In this manuscript, several rectennas will be presented, for different frequencies going from the GSM frequencies (868 MHz, 915 MHz) to the Ku/Ka bands. L’électronique a connu une évolution incontestable ces dernières années. Les progrès réalisés, notamment dans l’électronique numérique et l’intégration des circuits, ont abouti à des systèmes plus performants, miniatures et à faible consommation énergétique. Les évolutions technologiques, alliant les avancées de l’informatique et des technologies numériques et leur intégration de plus en plus poussée au sein d’objets multiples, ont permis le développement d’un nouveau paradigme de systèmes qualifiés de systèmes cyber-physiques. Ces systèmes sont massivement déployés de nos jours grâce à l’expansion des applications liées à l’Internet Des Objets (IDO). Les systèmes cyber-physiques s’appuient, entre autre, sur le déploiement massif de capteurs communicants sans fil autonomes, ceux-ci présentent plusieurs avantages : • Flexibilité dans le choix de l’emplacement. Ils permettent l’accès à des zones dangereuses ou difficiles d’accès. • Affranchissement des câbles qui présentent un poids, un encombrement et un coût supplémentaire. • Elimination des problèmes relatifs aux câbles (usure, étanchéité…) • Facilité de déploiement de réseaux de capteurs Cependant, ces capteurs sans fils nécessitent une autonomie énergétique afin de fonctionner. Les techniques conventionnelles telles que les batteries ou les piles, n’assurent le fonctionnement des capteurs que pour une durée limitée et nécessitent un changement périodique. Ceci présente un obstacle dans le cas où les capteurs sans fils sont placés dans un endroit où l’accès est impossible. Il est donc nécessaire de trouver un autre moyen d’approvisionner l’énergie de façon permanente à ces réseaux de capteurs sans fil. L’intégration et la miniaturisation des systèmes électroniques ont permis la réalisation de systèmes à faible consommation, ce qui a fait apparaître d’autres techniques en termes d’apports énergétiques. Parmi ces possibilités se trouvent la récupération d’énergie électromagnétique et le transfert d’énergie sans fil (TESF). En effet, l’énergie électromagnétique est de nos jours, omniprésente sur notre planète, l’utiliser donc comme source d’énergie pour les systèmes électroniques semble être une idée plausible et réalisable. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce cadre, elle a pour objectif la conception et la fabrication de systèmes de récupération d’énergie électromagnétique pour l’alimentation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Le circuit de récupération d’énergie électromagnétique est appelé « Rectenna », ce mot est l’association de deux entités qui sont « antenne » et « rectifier » qui désigne en anglais le « redresseur ». L’antenne permet de récupérer l’énergie électromagnétique ambiante et le redresseur la convertit en un signal continu (DC) qui servira par la suite à alimenter les capteurs sans fil. Dans ce manuscrit, plusieurs rectennas seront présentées, pour des fréquences allant des bandes GSM 868MHz, 915MHz, passant par l’UMTS à 2GHZ et WIFI à 2,45GHz, et allant jusqu’aux bandes Ku et Ka.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1990 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991 Authors: Roux, M;On the bathyal slope for continental margins, steep and rocky substrates punctuated with cliffs and collapsing zones are frequently found. As survey and sampling with the classical technics from the sea surface is practically impossible in such an environment, in situ exploration with a submersible allows significant advances in ecology, with implications in paleoenvironment reconstruction. Mixing of material from shallow-water and deep-sea origins into bathyal sedimentation suggests that the so-called "fossil assemblages of outer platform" were frequently misinterpreted. Dense populations of animals closely related to fossil groups which were only considered as relict of the Past ("living fossils") and previously interpreted as shallow-water inhabitants during geological times can be discovered living in such bathyal communities. The role of bathyal ecological niches during global bioevents brings a new vision of the history of life in the Ocean through geological time and has to be further investigated. Examples from cruises monitoring the diving saucer Cyana (SP 3000) in the Bay of Biscay and off New Caledonia are given.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2023 FrancePublisher:CCSD Authors: Bureau, Pauline;The aim of this thesis is to offer a characterization of terminological variation and neology around the topic of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC), taking into account the role and implications of these two linguistic phenomena in relation to climate objectives. What is at stake is a better understanding of the role that terms, on the one hand, and terminology as a discipline, on the other hand, can play in addressing the climate issue. Climate change, as a transdisciplinary subject of study and a topic of debate among different social groups, does not constitute a prototypical research theme in terminology. The first part of this thesis is thus dedicated to defining a specialized domain of climate change and demonstrating the benefits of studying the latter from a variationist perspective, considering neology as a form of variation. In the second part, we combine tools from Textual Terminology and Discourse Analysis to identify a specialized terminology of ACC and demonstrate how it evolves over time and how it tends to vary among climate experts, specifically between intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In a final section, we examine variation between these two expert communities and the press, and question the existence of a climate terminology specific to the latter, in line with the transdisciplinary nature of the ACC domain. For each form of variation under study, we present its potential implications in relation to the purpose of this domain, defined as revolving around three major objectives: reducing gaps in climate change knowledge, disseminating this knowledge, and taking climate action. ; L'objectif de la thèse est de proposer une caractérisation de la variation terminologique et de la néologie autour du changement climatique d’origine anthropique (CCA) en tenant compte du rôle et des implications de ces deux phénomènes linguistiques vis-à-vis des objectifs climatiques. L’enjeu de ce projet est une meilleure compréhension du rôle que peuvent jouer les ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2015 FrancePublisher:Université de Bretagne occidentale Authors: Vanderplancke, Gwenaelle;L’oxygène dissous dans l’eau de mer a régulièrement baissé dans de nombreux écosystèmes marins côtiers ces 50 dernières années du fait du réchauffement climatique et des activités humaines côtières croissantes. Cette diminution de l’oxygène présent dans l’eau de mer provoque des épisodes d’hypoxie de plus en plus fréquents et sévères dans les zones côtières et estuariennes. Certains organismes peuvent échapper à ces contraintes environnementales par migration ou dispersion. D’autres, présentant des capacités de nages plus réduites, doivent mettre en oeuvre des régulations physiologiques (plasticité phénotypique) pour leur permettre de s’adapter et survivre. C’est notamment le cas des larves de poissons marins qui sont susceptibles d’être présentes dans les nourriceries côtières à la fin de leur développement. Il est aujourd’hui bien établi que les régulations mises en oeuvre par les organismes pour faire face à leur environnement durant les jeunes stades de vie peuvent imprégner leur fonctionnement physiologique sur le long-terme et modifier leur trajectoire de vie. Si de nombreuses informations relatives aux conditionnements précoces sont disponibles dans le domaine médical, les connaissances de ces effets chez les organismes marins dans un contexte écologique sont encore très fragmentaires. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a donc été d’évaluer les conséquences physiologiques, non seulement à court-terme mais surtout à long-terme, d’une exposition de poissons marins en fin de développement larvaire à une hypoxie modérée (8 jours, 40% de saturation à l’air). L’autre originalité de ce travail reposait sur la comparaison des réponses adaptatives mises en oeuvre chez deux espèces, l’une pélagique ─ le bar Européen (Dicentrarchus labrax) ─ et l’autre benthique ─ la sole commune (Solea solea). Nos résultats nous ont permis de montrer un effet significatif à long-terme de la contrainte hypoxique précoce sur les performances physiologiques des juvéniles et notamment sur leur croissance. Les juvéniles de bars et de soles présentent respectivement de plus faibles et de plus fortes croissances après avoir été exposés à un environnement hypoxique au stade larvaire. L’effet négatif sur la croissance observé chez le bar s’explique, au moins en partie, par une moins bonne assimilation énergétique due à un impact sur la fonction digestive. Les analyses moléculaires réalisées au niveau hépatique chez le juvénile de bar révèlent, par ailleurs, une imprégnation au niveau transcriptionnel de l’expression de gènes impliqués dans la réponse à l’hypoxie. L’effet positif observé sur la croissance des juvéniles de sole est associé à une meilleure tolérance aux stress thermiques et hypoxiques et à une diminution du registre métabolique. Les résultats obtenus chez le bar et la sole suggèrent que des modifications d’allocations énergétiques sous-tendent les effets observés à long-terme sur les performances physiologiques. Plus globalement, l’ensemble des données obtenues au cours de cette thèse soutiennent l’importance que revêt la nature de l’environnement rencontré par le poisson au cours de ses jeunes stades de vie sur ses futures performances physiologiques. Nos résultats indiquent par ailleurs que l’imprégnation physiologique par l’environnement est espèce-spécifique révélant des probables stratégies d’adaptation différentes suivant les espèces. The dissolved oxygen in seawater has steadily declined in many coastal marine ecosystems in the last 50 years because of global warming and increasing coastal human activities. This decrease in oxygen in seawater causes episodes of hypoxia increasingly frequent and severe in coastal and estuarine areas. Some organisms may escape these environmental constraints by migration or dispersion. Others, with limited swimming capabilities must implement physiological regulation (phenotypic plasticity) to enable them to adapt and survive. This is particularly the case of marine fish larvae that are likely to be present in coastal nursery at the end of their development. It is now well established that the regulations implemented by organisms to cope with their environment during the early stages of life can imprint their physiological function in the long-term and change their life trajectory. While much information on early conditioning is available in the field of medicine, knowledge of these effects in marine organisms in an ecological context are still very fragmentary. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the physiological consequences, not only in the short-term but especially in the long-term, of an exposition to a moderate hypoxia (8 days, 40% air saturation) of marine fish at the end of larval development. Another originality of this work was based on the comparison of adaptive responses implemented in two species, one pelagic ─ European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) ─ and one benthic ─ the common sole (Solea solea). Our results have allowed us to show a significant long-term effect of early hypoxic stress on the physiological performance of juvenile and especially their growth. Juveniles of European sea bass and juveniles of common sole have, respectively, lower and higher growth after being exposed to a hypoxic environment in the larval stage. The negative effect on growth observed in sea bass was due, in part, to lower energy assimilation as a consequence of an impact on the digestive function. Moreover, molecular analyzes in the liver of sea bass juveniles indicate an impregnation at the transcriptional level of the expression of genes involved in the response to hypoxia. The positive effect observed on the growth of sole juveniles is associated with better tolerance to thermal and hypoxic stress and a decrease in metabolic scope. The results obtained in European sea bass and common sole suggest that changes in energy allocations could explain the physiological performances observed in the long-term. Globally, all the data obtained in this thesis underline the importance of the environmental parameters encountered by fish during their young life stages on their future physiological performances. Such physiological impregnation by the early environment is species-specific, revealing potential different adaptation strategies.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2015Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2015Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Dumez, Hervé; Renou, Sandra;Dans le contexte de la transition énergétique, il est souvent fait référence au « secteur » des énergies renouvelables. L’article porte sur la difficile définition de ce secteur, très hétérogène à divers points de vue, et sur la manière dont il s’est construit institutionnellement autour d’une méta-organisation, le Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables, en interaction avec les pouvoirs publics. L’article mobilise la notion des jeux de langage (Wittgenstein) pour analyser cette construction et revient sur la crise française du photovoltaïque qui illustre les difficultés du pilotage de la transition énergétique. References are often made to the “sector of renewables” when talking about the energy transition. This article focuses on the difficulty of defining this sector, given its heterogeneity, and on its institutional construction around a metaorganization, a trade group of renewables in interaction with public authorities: the Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables. Wittgenstein’s concept of language-game is used to analyze this construction. The crisis of photovoltaics in France is reviewed to shed light on the difficulty of steering the energy transition.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2015 CanadaPublisher:Université de Montréal Authors: Samb, Oumar Mallé;handle: 1866/11925
La documentation sur les interventions de gratuité sélective des soins est encore insuffisante et surtout focalisée sur leurs effets au niveau de l’utilisation des services de santé ou de la réduction des dépenses catastrophiques. Leurs effets sociaux sont occultés par les recherches. L’originalité de cette thèse tient au fait qu’elle constitue la première recherche qui s’est consacrée à cela. Ses résultats sont structurés en quatre articles. Le premier article montre que la gratuité sélective des soins est socialement acceptée, car elle est vue comme contributive au renforcement du lien social. Toutefois, le choix des cibles bénéficiaires est remis en cause. Au nom d’arguments moraux et humanitaires, les communautés préfèrent inclure les personnes âgées dans le ciblage, quitte à les substituer aux plus pauvres, les indigents. Néanmoins, le ciblage des indigents n’a pas entrainé de stigmatisation. Le deuxième article souligne que la fourniture gratuite de soins aux populations par les villageois membres des comités de gestion des centres de santé a contribué au renforcement de leur pouvoir d’agir et celui de leur organisation. Cependant, pour que la participation communautaire soit effective, l’étude montre qu’elle doit s’accompagner d’un renforcement des compétences des communautés Le troisième article soutient que la suppression du paiement des soins a permis aux femmes de ne plus avoir besoin de s’endetter ou de négocier constamment avec leurs maris pour disposer de l’argent des consultations prénatales ou des accouchements. Ce qui a contribué à leur empowerment et rendu possible l’atteinte d’autres réalisations au plan sanitaire (augmentation des accouchements assistés), mais aussi social (renforcement de leur position sociale). Le quatrième article s’est intéressé à étudier la pérennité de ces interventions de gratuité des soins. Les résultats suggèrent que le degré de pérennité de la prise en charge des indigents (district de Ouargaye) est moyen correspondant au degré le plus élevé dans une organisation alors que celui de la gratuité des accouchements et des soins pour les enfants (districts de Dori et de Sebba) est précaire. Cette différence de pérennité est due principalement à la différence d’échelle (taille des populations concernées) et d’ampleur (inégalité des ressources en jeu) entre ces interventions. D’autres facteurs ont aussi influencé cette situation comme les modalités de mise en œuvre de ces interventions (approche projet à Dori et Sebba vs approche communautaire à Ouargaye) Au plan des connaissances, l’étude a mis en exergue plusieurs points dont : 1) l’importance de prendre en compte les valeurs des populations dans l’élaboration des réformes ; 2) la pertinence sociale du ciblage communautaire de sélection des indigents ; 3) la capacité des communautés à prendre en charge leurs problèmes de santé pourvu qu’on leur donne les ressources financières et la formation minimale ; 4) l’importance du processus de pérennisation, notamment la stabilisation des ressources financières nécessaires à la continuité d’une intervention et l’adoption de risques organisationnels dans sa gestion ; 5) l’importance de la suppression de la barrière financière au point de services pour renforcer l’empowerment des femmes et son corolaire leur recours aux services de soins. The present evidence on free selective assistance of health care is still insufficient and mostly focused on their effects on the use of health services or the reductions of catastrophic expenses. Most times, their social dimension is often hidden. The originality of this thesis lies on the fact that it is the first research that focused on the social effects of the free selective health care interventions. The results are structured under four articles. The first article shows that free selective health care interventions are well accepted since it is seen as a contributor to reinforce social connection. However, the choice of the target recipients is questioned. For moral and humanitarian reasons, communities prefer the inclusion of older people in the target population in place of the poor. Yet, targeting the poor did not lead to stigmatization. The second article showed that providing free health care to the population by the management committee members of the health centers contributed to strengthening their ability to act as well as that of their organization. Yet, for an effective involvement of the community, the study shows that their services must be followed by a reinforcement of their competence. The third article supports the evidence that the removal of health fees has enabled women to no longer have the need to borrow or negotiate the approval of their husbands to have money for antenatal and deliveries care. As a result, it contributed to their empowerment and helped them to reach other health (increased of assisted childbirth) and social goals (elevating their social status.) The fourth article explores the sustainability of free selective health care interventions. The results estimate that the sustainability level of free healthcare for indigent (Ouargaye) is medium corresponding to the highest level in an organization whereas the gratuity of childbirth and health care for children (Dori and Sebba) is precarious. This disparity is mainly caused by a scale difference (size of the population involved) and the magnitude (inequality of the resources involved) between these interventions. Other factors such as the modalities of implementations of these interventions (project strategy in Dori and Sebba vs communal strategy in Ouargaye) played a role. The study has lead to several outcomes such as: 1) The significance of taking into account the values of the population when planning reforms; 2) The efficiency and social significance of common targeting of the needy; 3) The ability of communities to get involved and take care of their health problems assuming that they are provided with financial resources and minimum training; 4) The importance of the process of sustainability especially the stabilization of financial resources necessary for the continuity of the intervention and the adoption of organizational risks in its management; 5) The importance of removing financial barriers to services in order to enhance women’s empowerment and its corollary , their use of social services.
Papyrus : Dépôt inst... arrow_drop_down Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalDoctoral thesis . 2015Data sources: Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalPapyrus: Dépôt institutionnel / Institutional Repository - Université de MontréalOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Papyrus : Dépôt inst... arrow_drop_down Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalDoctoral thesis . 2015Data sources: Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalPapyrus: Dépôt institutionnel / Institutional Repository - Université de MontréalOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2005 Italy, FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Lazzer, Stéphano; Meyer, Martine; Derumeaux, Hélène; Boirie, Yves; Vermorel, Michel;pmid: 15946831
handle: 11390/695382
La prévalence de l’obésité infantile est en augmentation permanente et nécessite une prise en charge efficace. OBJECTIF: Analyser l’évolution des principaux paramètres anthropométriques et du métabolisme de base (MB) d’adolescents obèses pendant et après deux types de prise en charge : intensive en institution ou conventionnelle à domicile. SUJETS ET METHODES: Vingt-six adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans (Z-score de l’IMC = 4,72) ont suivi en institution (groupe I) un programme de réduction pondérale de neuf mois comprenant une restriction énergétique modérée et une activité physique régulière. Un deuxième groupe de 39 sujets de même âge (Z-score de l’IMC = 2,83) a bénéficié d’un suivi médical et diététique bimestriel au domicile des parents (groupe E). Les mesures de composition corporelle (impédancemétrie) et du MB (calorimétrie indirecte) ont été réalisées avant le début (M0), après quatre mois (M4) et neuf mois (M9) de prise en charge, puis quatre mois (M13) et 16 mois (M25) plus tard. RESULTATS: Deux et quatre des 26 adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas participé respectivement aux mesures aux temps M13 et M25. À M0, l’âge, le poids, la masse maigre (MM) et le MB des adolescents du groupe I étaient supérieurs à ceux des adolescents du groupe E, mais le stade pubertaire et le pourcentage de masse grasse (MG) n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les deux groupes. À M9, les adolescents du groupe I présentaient des diminutions du poids et de MG de 19 et 37 %, respectivement (p < 0,001), mais pas de variation significative de la MM. Le MB a diminué entre M0 et M4, tant en valeur absolue (–6,7 %, p < 0,001) qu’après ajustement pour les différences de MM (–5,8 %, p < 0,001) et la différence s’est maintenue jusqu’à M9. Entre M9 et M13, le poids corporel et le Z-score de l’IMC des adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas varié significativement chez 12 adolescents, mais ils ont augmenté significativement chez dix adolescents (+ 9,7 et 14,8 %, respectivement, p < 0,001) ; en revanche, le MB n’a pas varié significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents. Entre M13 et M25, le poids corporel, la MG, la MM et le MB ont augmenté significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents (+ 13 %, + 34 %, + 6 % et + 5 %, respectivement, p < 0,001). Dix-neuf des 39 adolescents du groupe E ont abandonné progressivement la prise en charge. Pour la plupart d’entre eux le poids et le Z-score de l’IMC avaient augmenté. En revanche, les 20 adolescents du groupe E qui ont suivi la prise en charge pendant les 25 mois n’ont pas présenté de variations significatives de leur IMC et du MB ajusté pour les différences de MM. CONCLUSION: La prise en charge en institution a été très efficace à court terme. Cependant, la diminution du MB observée au cours du programme de réduction pondérale a favorisé la reprise de poids des adolescents post-obèses qui n’ont pas maintenu les habitudes de vie acquises au cours de la période de prise en charge. La moitié des adolescents qui ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge à domicile et ont participé pendant les 25 mois au suivi hygiénodiététique ont stabilisé le Z-score de leur IMC. The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades, and requires efficient care. OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in anthropometric parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese adolescents during and after 2 types of weight-reduction programs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six adolescents (group I, Z-score of BMI = 4.72) followed a 9-month-weight reduction program including a moderate energy restriction and regular physical activities in a specialized institution. In addition, 39 adolescents (group E, Z-score of BMI = 2.83) followed at home a 9-month-weight reduction program including medical and dietetic advices. Body composition (by impedancemetry) and BMR (by indirect calorimetry) were assessed before the beginning (M0), 4 months after (M4) and at the end (M9) of the programs, then 4 months (M13) and 16 month (M25) after the end of the weight-reduction programs. RESULTS: Twenty-two adolescents in group I and 20 adolescents in group E completed the study. At M0, age, body weight (BW), fat-free mass (FFM) and BMR of subjects of group I were higher (1.0 year, 36 %, 30 % and 23 %, respectively, P < 0.001), than those of group E. Pubertal stage and percentage of fat mass (FM) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. At M9, adolescents of group I showed significant reductions in BW and FM (-19 and -37 %, respectively, P < 0.001), but not significant differences in FFM. In addition, BMR decreased significantly between M0 and M4, both in absolute value (-6.7%, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for FFM (-5.8%, P < 0.001), and the difference was maintained until M9. Between M9 and M13, BW and Z-score of BMI were maintained in 12 adolescents, but increased (+9.7% and 14.8%, respectively, P < 0.001) in 10 adolescents. However, BMR did not change significantly in all adolescents. Between M13 and M25, BW, FM, FFM and BMR increased significantly (+13%, +34%, +6% et +5%, respectively, P < 0.001). During the 25 month period, adolescents of group E showed significant increases in BW, FFM and BMR (+8%, +14% and +10%, respectively, P < 0.001), and maintained their Z-score and FM. CONCLUSION: The reduction in BMR during the weight-reduction program at the institution could contribute to body weight regain in the post-obese adolescents if they do not maintain the lifestyle habits taught during the weight-reduction period. In other respects, Z-score was stabilized in 51% of domiciled obese adolescents.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2015Publisher:Revue Economie, Gestion et Société Authors: Said Tounsi; Aziz Ragbi;L'évaluation du taux de change d’équilibre de moyen terme à travers les trois mesures -l'équilibre macroéconomique, le taux de change d'équilibre et la viabilité extérieure- suggère une surévaluation du dirham marocain qui a atteint son niveau maximal en 2012. Cette évolution est liée à la dégradation du solde du compte courant comme en témoigne le creusement du déficit commercial et à la détérioration du déficit budgétaire. En somme, ce travail conclut que la surévaluation du dirham marocain a bien plus de déterminants que le déséquilibre extérieur. Si une politique de dévaluation semble être inappropriée dans le contexte actuel, la consolidation de l’équilibre macroéconomique se révèle alors comme une condition primordiale pour éviter une possible surévaluation du dirham marocain. Revue Economie, Gestion et Société, No 3 (2015)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2012 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Roussel, Olivier;L’objectif de cette thèse est de détailler les effets respiratoires induits par les associations de l’éthanol au THC et de l’éthanol au GHB. Les études ont été menées chez l’animal non anesthésié par pléthysmographie corps entier pendant les quatre heures suivant l’administration intrapéritonéale. Dans une première étape, les effets respiratoires de la prise isolée d’éthanol et de GHB ont été étudiés. Ces deux substances modifient le mode respiratoire : l’éthanol provoquant une tachypnée dès 3 g.kg-1, le GHB une respiration apneustique dès 600 mg.kg-1, sans insuffisance respiratoire (PaO2 normale). Les modifications des gaz du sang observées : acidémie pour l’éthanol et alcalose pour le GHB sont d’origine métabolique. A ces doses, ces deux substances perturbent aussi la conscience des animaux et la thermorégulation : l’éthanol induit une hypothermie et le GHB une évolution triphasique de la température : hypothermie/hyperthermie/ hypothermie. Les dosages sanguins et les études cinétiques menés lors de ces études confirment la vraisemblance de notre modèle et sa pertinence clinique et médicolégale. L’étude des associations à l’éthanol montre que les effets respiratoires du THC et du GHB sont conservés, seule leur association à la dose de 3 g.kg-1 d’éthanol a provoqué une baisse de la ventilation minute avec réduction du débit inspiratoire mais selon des mécanismes différents : baisse du volume courant pour l’association THC-éthanol et augmentation de la durée des apnées expiratoires pour celle du GHB à l’éthanol. Pour cette dernière, l’interaction cinétique observée après administration intrapéritonéale n’explique pas l’intensité du phénomène, une potentialisation est probable. The objective of this thesis was to study the time-course of the respiratory effects of THC/ethanol and GHB/ethanol associations. Respiration was studied using whole body plethysmography in non-anesthetized rats during the four hours following intraperitoneal injection. In a first step, both GHB and ethanol affected the respiratory pattern. Ethanol caused bradypnea at doses greater than 3 g.kg-1 and GHB induced apneusis above 600 mg.kg-1. Arterial blood gases modifications were metabolic: acidemia with ethanol and alkalosis with GHB. At those doses, both substances altered consciousness and body temperature of animals. Ethanol induced hypothermia and GHB a temperature triphasic change: hypothermia/ hyperthermia/hypothermia. Blood determinations and kinetic studies reinforced the likelihood, and clinical and forensic relevancies of our animal model. Association studies showed that the respiratory effects of THC and GHB were unchanged in presence of ethanol. Association with 3 g.kg-1 ethanol dose only provoked a reduction in minute volume and in mean inspiratory flow, but mechanisms were different. Ethanol and THC induced a decrease in tidal volume; ethanol and GHB an increase in expiratory apnea duration. The observed kinetic interaction between ethanol and GHB did not explain phenomenon intensity; a potentialization could occur.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2012INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2012INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2009Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Den Haag (Netherlands); Ministerie Van Buitenlandse Zaken, Brussel (Belgium); Wageningen International, Wageningen (Netherlands) Projet BBI 13286 : Pêche durable des petits pélagiques en Afrique Nord Ouest Ce rapport a été préparé avec le soutien financier de la Coopération néerlandaise (DGIS) dans le cadre de son Programme de politique internationale en matière de biodiversité (BBI). Published pêche traditionnelle; taille; échantillonnage; écosystème; upwelling; biomasse; filet maillant dérivant; senne tournante; senne moustiquaire; senne de plage; maquereau; chinchard; sardinelle; ethmalose; reproduction; courant; stocks; réglementation; pêche par espéce; engin de pêche; pélagique; zone côtière; pirogue; pêche artisanale; pêcheur
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2017 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Okba , Abderrahim;National audience The electronic domain has known a significant expansion the last decades, all the advancements made has led to the development of miniature and efficient electronic devices used in many applications such as cyber physical systems. These systems use low-power wireless sensors for: detection, monitoring and so on. The use of wireless sensors has many advantages: • The flexibility of their location, they allow the access to hazardous areas. • The realization of lighter system, less expensive and less cumbersome. • The elimination of all the problems associated to the cables (erosion, impermeability…) • The deployment of sensor arrays. Therefore, these wireless sensors need to be supplied somehow with energy to be able to function properly. The classic ways of supplying energy such as batteries have some drawbacks, they are limited in energy and must be replaced periodically, and this is not conceivable for applications where the wireless sensor is placed in hazardous places or in places where the access is impossible. So, it is necessary to find another way to permanently provide energy to these wireless sensors. The integration and miniaturization of the electronic devices has led to low power consumption systems, which opens a way to another techniques in terms of providing energy. Amongst the possibilities, we can find the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and Energy Harvesting (EH). In fact, the electromagnetic energy is nowadays highly available in our planet thanks to all the applications that use wireless systems. We can take advantage of this massive available quantity of energy and use it to power-up the low power wireless sensors. This thesis is incorporated within the framework of WPT and EH. Its objective is the conception and realization of electromagnetic energy harvesters called “Rectenna” in order to supply energy to low power wireless sensors. The term “rectenna” is the combination of two words: Antenna and Rectifier. The Antenna is the module that captures the electromagnetic ambient energy and converts it to a RF signal, the rectifier is the RF circuit that converts this RF signal into a continuous (DC) signal that is used to supply the wireless sensors. In this manuscript, several rectennas will be presented, for different frequencies going from the GSM frequencies (868 MHz, 915 MHz) to the Ku/Ka bands. L’électronique a connu une évolution incontestable ces dernières années. Les progrès réalisés, notamment dans l’électronique numérique et l’intégration des circuits, ont abouti à des systèmes plus performants, miniatures et à faible consommation énergétique. Les évolutions technologiques, alliant les avancées de l’informatique et des technologies numériques et leur intégration de plus en plus poussée au sein d’objets multiples, ont permis le développement d’un nouveau paradigme de systèmes qualifiés de systèmes cyber-physiques. Ces systèmes sont massivement déployés de nos jours grâce à l’expansion des applications liées à l’Internet Des Objets (IDO). Les systèmes cyber-physiques s’appuient, entre autre, sur le déploiement massif de capteurs communicants sans fil autonomes, ceux-ci présentent plusieurs avantages : • Flexibilité dans le choix de l’emplacement. Ils permettent l’accès à des zones dangereuses ou difficiles d’accès. • Affranchissement des câbles qui présentent un poids, un encombrement et un coût supplémentaire. • Elimination des problèmes relatifs aux câbles (usure, étanchéité…) • Facilité de déploiement de réseaux de capteurs Cependant, ces capteurs sans fils nécessitent une autonomie énergétique afin de fonctionner. Les techniques conventionnelles telles que les batteries ou les piles, n’assurent le fonctionnement des capteurs que pour une durée limitée et nécessitent un changement périodique. Ceci présente un obstacle dans le cas où les capteurs sans fils sont placés dans un endroit où l’accès est impossible. Il est donc nécessaire de trouver un autre moyen d’approvisionner l’énergie de façon permanente à ces réseaux de capteurs sans fil. L’intégration et la miniaturisation des systèmes électroniques ont permis la réalisation de systèmes à faible consommation, ce qui a fait apparaître d’autres techniques en termes d’apports énergétiques. Parmi ces possibilités se trouvent la récupération d’énergie électromagnétique et le transfert d’énergie sans fil (TESF). En effet, l’énergie électromagnétique est de nos jours, omniprésente sur notre planète, l’utiliser donc comme source d’énergie pour les systèmes électroniques semble être une idée plausible et réalisable. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce cadre, elle a pour objectif la conception et la fabrication de systèmes de récupération d’énergie électromagnétique pour l’alimentation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Le circuit de récupération d’énergie électromagnétique est appelé « Rectenna », ce mot est l’association de deux entités qui sont « antenne » et « rectifier » qui désigne en anglais le « redresseur ». L’antenne permet de récupérer l’énergie électromagnétique ambiante et le redresseur la convertit en un signal continu (DC) qui servira par la suite à alimenter les capteurs sans fil. Dans ce manuscrit, plusieurs rectennas seront présentées, pour des fréquences allant des bandes GSM 868MHz, 915MHz, passant par l’UMTS à 2GHZ et WIFI à 2,45GHz, et allant jusqu’aux bandes Ku et Ka.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2017Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 1990 FrancePublisher:Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1991 Authors: Roux, M;On the bathyal slope for continental margins, steep and rocky substrates punctuated with cliffs and collapsing zones are frequently found. As survey and sampling with the classical technics from the sea surface is practically impossible in such an environment, in situ exploration with a submersible allows significant advances in ecology, with implications in paleoenvironment reconstruction. Mixing of material from shallow-water and deep-sea origins into bathyal sedimentation suggests that the so-called "fossil assemblages of outer platform" were frequently misinterpreted. Dense populations of animals closely related to fossil groups which were only considered as relict of the Past ("living fossils") and previously interpreted as shallow-water inhabitants during geological times can be discovered living in such bathyal communities. The role of bathyal ecological niches during global bioevents brings a new vision of the history of life in the Ocean through geological time and has to be further investigated. Examples from cruises monitoring the diving saucer Cyana (SP 3000) in the Bay of Biscay and off New Caledonia are given.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 1990Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2023 FrancePublisher:CCSD Authors: Bureau, Pauline;The aim of this thesis is to offer a characterization of terminological variation and neology around the topic of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC), taking into account the role and implications of these two linguistic phenomena in relation to climate objectives. What is at stake is a better understanding of the role that terms, on the one hand, and terminology as a discipline, on the other hand, can play in addressing the climate issue. Climate change, as a transdisciplinary subject of study and a topic of debate among different social groups, does not constitute a prototypical research theme in terminology. The first part of this thesis is thus dedicated to defining a specialized domain of climate change and demonstrating the benefits of studying the latter from a variationist perspective, considering neology as a form of variation. In the second part, we combine tools from Textual Terminology and Discourse Analysis to identify a specialized terminology of ACC and demonstrate how it evolves over time and how it tends to vary among climate experts, specifically between intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In a final section, we examine variation between these two expert communities and the press, and question the existence of a climate terminology specific to the latter, in line with the transdisciplinary nature of the ACC domain. For each form of variation under study, we present its potential implications in relation to the purpose of this domain, defined as revolving around three major objectives: reducing gaps in climate change knowledge, disseminating this knowledge, and taking climate action. ; L'objectif de la thèse est de proposer une caractérisation de la variation terminologique et de la néologie autour du changement climatique d’origine anthropique (CCA) en tenant compte du rôle et des implications de ces deux phénomènes linguistiques vis-à-vis des objectifs climatiques. L’enjeu de ce projet est une meilleure compréhension du rôle que peuvent jouer les ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2015 FrancePublisher:Université de Bretagne occidentale Authors: Vanderplancke, Gwenaelle;L’oxygène dissous dans l’eau de mer a régulièrement baissé dans de nombreux écosystèmes marins côtiers ces 50 dernières années du fait du réchauffement climatique et des activités humaines côtières croissantes. Cette diminution de l’oxygène présent dans l’eau de mer provoque des épisodes d’hypoxie de plus en plus fréquents et sévères dans les zones côtières et estuariennes. Certains organismes peuvent échapper à ces contraintes environnementales par migration ou dispersion. D’autres, présentant des capacités de nages plus réduites, doivent mettre en oeuvre des régulations physiologiques (plasticité phénotypique) pour leur permettre de s’adapter et survivre. C’est notamment le cas des larves de poissons marins qui sont susceptibles d’être présentes dans les nourriceries côtières à la fin de leur développement. Il est aujourd’hui bien établi que les régulations mises en oeuvre par les organismes pour faire face à leur environnement durant les jeunes stades de vie peuvent imprégner leur fonctionnement physiologique sur le long-terme et modifier leur trajectoire de vie. Si de nombreuses informations relatives aux conditionnements précoces sont disponibles dans le domaine médical, les connaissances de ces effets chez les organismes marins dans un contexte écologique sont encore très fragmentaires. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a donc été d’évaluer les conséquences physiologiques, non seulement à court-terme mais surtout à long-terme, d’une exposition de poissons marins en fin de développement larvaire à une hypoxie modérée (8 jours, 40% de saturation à l’air). L’autre originalité de ce travail reposait sur la comparaison des réponses adaptatives mises en oeuvre chez deux espèces, l’une pélagique ─ le bar Européen (Dicentrarchus labrax) ─ et l’autre benthique ─ la sole commune (Solea solea). Nos résultats nous ont permis de montrer un effet significatif à long-terme de la contrainte hypoxique précoce sur les performances physiologiques des juvéniles et notamment sur leur croissance. Les juvéniles de bars et de soles présentent respectivement de plus faibles et de plus fortes croissances après avoir été exposés à un environnement hypoxique au stade larvaire. L’effet négatif sur la croissance observé chez le bar s’explique, au moins en partie, par une moins bonne assimilation énergétique due à un impact sur la fonction digestive. Les analyses moléculaires réalisées au niveau hépatique chez le juvénile de bar révèlent, par ailleurs, une imprégnation au niveau transcriptionnel de l’expression de gènes impliqués dans la réponse à l’hypoxie. L’effet positif observé sur la croissance des juvéniles de sole est associé à une meilleure tolérance aux stress thermiques et hypoxiques et à une diminution du registre métabolique. Les résultats obtenus chez le bar et la sole suggèrent que des modifications d’allocations énergétiques sous-tendent les effets observés à long-terme sur les performances physiologiques. Plus globalement, l’ensemble des données obtenues au cours de cette thèse soutiennent l’importance que revêt la nature de l’environnement rencontré par le poisson au cours de ses jeunes stades de vie sur ses futures performances physiologiques. Nos résultats indiquent par ailleurs que l’imprégnation physiologique par l’environnement est espèce-spécifique révélant des probables stratégies d’adaptation différentes suivant les espèces. The dissolved oxygen in seawater has steadily declined in many coastal marine ecosystems in the last 50 years because of global warming and increasing coastal human activities. This decrease in oxygen in seawater causes episodes of hypoxia increasingly frequent and severe in coastal and estuarine areas. Some organisms may escape these environmental constraints by migration or dispersion. Others, with limited swimming capabilities must implement physiological regulation (phenotypic plasticity) to enable them to adapt and survive. This is particularly the case of marine fish larvae that are likely to be present in coastal nursery at the end of their development. It is now well established that the regulations implemented by organisms to cope with their environment during the early stages of life can imprint their physiological function in the long-term and change their life trajectory. While much information on early conditioning is available in the field of medicine, knowledge of these effects in marine organisms in an ecological context are still very fragmentary. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the physiological consequences, not only in the short-term but especially in the long-term, of an exposition to a moderate hypoxia (8 days, 40% air saturation) of marine fish at the end of larval development. Another originality of this work was based on the comparison of adaptive responses implemented in two species, one pelagic ─ European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) ─ and one benthic ─ the common sole (Solea solea). Our results have allowed us to show a significant long-term effect of early hypoxic stress on the physiological performance of juvenile and especially their growth. Juveniles of European sea bass and juveniles of common sole have, respectively, lower and higher growth after being exposed to a hypoxic environment in the larval stage. The negative effect on growth observed in sea bass was due, in part, to lower energy assimilation as a consequence of an impact on the digestive function. Moreover, molecular analyzes in the liver of sea bass juveniles indicate an impregnation at the transcriptional level of the expression of genes involved in the response to hypoxia. The positive effect observed on the growth of sole juveniles is associated with better tolerance to thermal and hypoxic stress and a decrease in metabolic scope. The results obtained in European sea bass and common sole suggest that changes in energy allocations could explain the physiological performances observed in the long-term. Globally, all the data obtained in this thesis underline the importance of the environmental parameters encountered by fish during their young life stages on their future physiological performances. Such physiological impregnation by the early environment is species-specific, revealing potential different adaptation strategies.
ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2015Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert ArchiMer - Instituti... arrow_drop_down ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of IfremerOther literature type . 2015Data sources: ArchiMer - Institutional Archive of Ifremeradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Dumez, Hervé; Renou, Sandra;Dans le contexte de la transition énergétique, il est souvent fait référence au « secteur » des énergies renouvelables. L’article porte sur la difficile définition de ce secteur, très hétérogène à divers points de vue, et sur la manière dont il s’est construit institutionnellement autour d’une méta-organisation, le Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables, en interaction avec les pouvoirs publics. L’article mobilise la notion des jeux de langage (Wittgenstein) pour analyser cette construction et revient sur la crise française du photovoltaïque qui illustre les difficultés du pilotage de la transition énergétique. References are often made to the “sector of renewables” when talking about the energy transition. This article focuses on the difficulty of defining this sector, given its heterogeneity, and on its institutional construction around a metaorganization, a trade group of renewables in interaction with public authorities: the Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables. Wittgenstein’s concept of language-game is used to analyze this construction. The crisis of photovoltaics in France is reviewed to shed light on the difficulty of steering the energy transition.
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type 2015 CanadaPublisher:Université de Montréal Authors: Samb, Oumar Mallé;handle: 1866/11925
La documentation sur les interventions de gratuité sélective des soins est encore insuffisante et surtout focalisée sur leurs effets au niveau de l’utilisation des services de santé ou de la réduction des dépenses catastrophiques. Leurs effets sociaux sont occultés par les recherches. L’originalité de cette thèse tient au fait qu’elle constitue la première recherche qui s’est consacrée à cela. Ses résultats sont structurés en quatre articles. Le premier article montre que la gratuité sélective des soins est socialement acceptée, car elle est vue comme contributive au renforcement du lien social. Toutefois, le choix des cibles bénéficiaires est remis en cause. Au nom d’arguments moraux et humanitaires, les communautés préfèrent inclure les personnes âgées dans le ciblage, quitte à les substituer aux plus pauvres, les indigents. Néanmoins, le ciblage des indigents n’a pas entrainé de stigmatisation. Le deuxième article souligne que la fourniture gratuite de soins aux populations par les villageois membres des comités de gestion des centres de santé a contribué au renforcement de leur pouvoir d’agir et celui de leur organisation. Cependant, pour que la participation communautaire soit effective, l’étude montre qu’elle doit s’accompagner d’un renforcement des compétences des communautés Le troisième article soutient que la suppression du paiement des soins a permis aux femmes de ne plus avoir besoin de s’endetter ou de négocier constamment avec leurs maris pour disposer de l’argent des consultations prénatales ou des accouchements. Ce qui a contribué à leur empowerment et rendu possible l’atteinte d’autres réalisations au plan sanitaire (augmentation des accouchements assistés), mais aussi social (renforcement de leur position sociale). Le quatrième article s’est intéressé à étudier la pérennité de ces interventions de gratuité des soins. Les résultats suggèrent que le degré de pérennité de la prise en charge des indigents (district de Ouargaye) est moyen correspondant au degré le plus élevé dans une organisation alors que celui de la gratuité des accouchements et des soins pour les enfants (districts de Dori et de Sebba) est précaire. Cette différence de pérennité est due principalement à la différence d’échelle (taille des populations concernées) et d’ampleur (inégalité des ressources en jeu) entre ces interventions. D’autres facteurs ont aussi influencé cette situation comme les modalités de mise en œuvre de ces interventions (approche projet à Dori et Sebba vs approche communautaire à Ouargaye) Au plan des connaissances, l’étude a mis en exergue plusieurs points dont : 1) l’importance de prendre en compte les valeurs des populations dans l’élaboration des réformes ; 2) la pertinence sociale du ciblage communautaire de sélection des indigents ; 3) la capacité des communautés à prendre en charge leurs problèmes de santé pourvu qu’on leur donne les ressources financières et la formation minimale ; 4) l’importance du processus de pérennisation, notamment la stabilisation des ressources financières nécessaires à la continuité d’une intervention et l’adoption de risques organisationnels dans sa gestion ; 5) l’importance de la suppression de la barrière financière au point de services pour renforcer l’empowerment des femmes et son corolaire leur recours aux services de soins. The present evidence on free selective assistance of health care is still insufficient and mostly focused on their effects on the use of health services or the reductions of catastrophic expenses. Most times, their social dimension is often hidden. The originality of this thesis lies on the fact that it is the first research that focused on the social effects of the free selective health care interventions. The results are structured under four articles. The first article shows that free selective health care interventions are well accepted since it is seen as a contributor to reinforce social connection. However, the choice of the target recipients is questioned. For moral and humanitarian reasons, communities prefer the inclusion of older people in the target population in place of the poor. Yet, targeting the poor did not lead to stigmatization. The second article showed that providing free health care to the population by the management committee members of the health centers contributed to strengthening their ability to act as well as that of their organization. Yet, for an effective involvement of the community, the study shows that their services must be followed by a reinforcement of their competence. The third article supports the evidence that the removal of health fees has enabled women to no longer have the need to borrow or negotiate the approval of their husbands to have money for antenatal and deliveries care. As a result, it contributed to their empowerment and helped them to reach other health (increased of assisted childbirth) and social goals (elevating their social status.) The fourth article explores the sustainability of free selective health care interventions. The results estimate that the sustainability level of free healthcare for indigent (Ouargaye) is medium corresponding to the highest level in an organization whereas the gratuity of childbirth and health care for children (Dori and Sebba) is precarious. This disparity is mainly caused by a scale difference (size of the population involved) and the magnitude (inequality of the resources involved) between these interventions. Other factors such as the modalities of implementations of these interventions (project strategy in Dori and Sebba vs communal strategy in Ouargaye) played a role. The study has lead to several outcomes such as: 1) The significance of taking into account the values of the population when planning reforms; 2) The efficiency and social significance of common targeting of the needy; 3) The ability of communities to get involved and take care of their health problems assuming that they are provided with financial resources and minimum training; 4) The importance of the process of sustainability especially the stabilization of financial resources necessary for the continuity of the intervention and the adoption of organizational risks in its management; 5) The importance of removing financial barriers to services in order to enhance women’s empowerment and its corollary , their use of social services.
Papyrus : Dépôt inst... arrow_drop_down Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalDoctoral thesis . 2015Data sources: Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalPapyrus: Dépôt institutionnel / Institutional Repository - Université de MontréalOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Papyrus : Dépôt inst... arrow_drop_down Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalDoctoral thesis . 2015Data sources: Papyrus : Dépôt institutionnel - Université de MontréalPapyrus: Dépôt institutionnel / Institutional Repository - Université de MontréalOther literature type . 2015add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2005 Italy, FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Lazzer, Stéphano; Meyer, Martine; Derumeaux, Hélène; Boirie, Yves; Vermorel, Michel;pmid: 15946831
handle: 11390/695382
La prévalence de l’obésité infantile est en augmentation permanente et nécessite une prise en charge efficace. OBJECTIF: Analyser l’évolution des principaux paramètres anthropométriques et du métabolisme de base (MB) d’adolescents obèses pendant et après deux types de prise en charge : intensive en institution ou conventionnelle à domicile. SUJETS ET METHODES: Vingt-six adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans (Z-score de l’IMC = 4,72) ont suivi en institution (groupe I) un programme de réduction pondérale de neuf mois comprenant une restriction énergétique modérée et une activité physique régulière. Un deuxième groupe de 39 sujets de même âge (Z-score de l’IMC = 2,83) a bénéficié d’un suivi médical et diététique bimestriel au domicile des parents (groupe E). Les mesures de composition corporelle (impédancemétrie) et du MB (calorimétrie indirecte) ont été réalisées avant le début (M0), après quatre mois (M4) et neuf mois (M9) de prise en charge, puis quatre mois (M13) et 16 mois (M25) plus tard. RESULTATS: Deux et quatre des 26 adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas participé respectivement aux mesures aux temps M13 et M25. À M0, l’âge, le poids, la masse maigre (MM) et le MB des adolescents du groupe I étaient supérieurs à ceux des adolescents du groupe E, mais le stade pubertaire et le pourcentage de masse grasse (MG) n’étaient pas significativement différents entre les deux groupes. À M9, les adolescents du groupe I présentaient des diminutions du poids et de MG de 19 et 37 %, respectivement (p < 0,001), mais pas de variation significative de la MM. Le MB a diminué entre M0 et M4, tant en valeur absolue (–6,7 %, p < 0,001) qu’après ajustement pour les différences de MM (–5,8 %, p < 0,001) et la différence s’est maintenue jusqu’à M9. Entre M9 et M13, le poids corporel et le Z-score de l’IMC des adolescents du groupe I n’ont pas varié significativement chez 12 adolescents, mais ils ont augmenté significativement chez dix adolescents (+ 9,7 et 14,8 %, respectivement, p < 0,001) ; en revanche, le MB n’a pas varié significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents. Entre M13 et M25, le poids corporel, la MG, la MM et le MB ont augmenté significativement pour l’ensemble des adolescents (+ 13 %, + 34 %, + 6 % et + 5 %, respectivement, p < 0,001). Dix-neuf des 39 adolescents du groupe E ont abandonné progressivement la prise en charge. Pour la plupart d’entre eux le poids et le Z-score de l’IMC avaient augmenté. En revanche, les 20 adolescents du groupe E qui ont suivi la prise en charge pendant les 25 mois n’ont pas présenté de variations significatives de leur IMC et du MB ajusté pour les différences de MM. CONCLUSION: La prise en charge en institution a été très efficace à court terme. Cependant, la diminution du MB observée au cours du programme de réduction pondérale a favorisé la reprise de poids des adolescents post-obèses qui n’ont pas maintenu les habitudes de vie acquises au cours de la période de prise en charge. La moitié des adolescents qui ont bénéficié d’une prise en charge à domicile et ont participé pendant les 25 mois au suivi hygiénodiététique ont stabilisé le Z-score de leur IMC. The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically during the past decades, and requires efficient care. OBJECTIVES: To determine changes in anthropometric parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese adolescents during and after 2 types of weight-reduction programs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six adolescents (group I, Z-score of BMI = 4.72) followed a 9-month-weight reduction program including a moderate energy restriction and regular physical activities in a specialized institution. In addition, 39 adolescents (group E, Z-score of BMI = 2.83) followed at home a 9-month-weight reduction program including medical and dietetic advices. Body composition (by impedancemetry) and BMR (by indirect calorimetry) were assessed before the beginning (M0), 4 months after (M4) and at the end (M9) of the programs, then 4 months (M13) and 16 month (M25) after the end of the weight-reduction programs. RESULTS: Twenty-two adolescents in group I and 20 adolescents in group E completed the study. At M0, age, body weight (BW), fat-free mass (FFM) and BMR of subjects of group I were higher (1.0 year, 36 %, 30 % and 23 %, respectively, P < 0.001), than those of group E. Pubertal stage and percentage of fat mass (FM) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. At M9, adolescents of group I showed significant reductions in BW and FM (-19 and -37 %, respectively, P < 0.001), but not significant differences in FFM. In addition, BMR decreased significantly between M0 and M4, both in absolute value (-6.7%, P < 0.001) and after adjustment for FFM (-5.8%, P < 0.001), and the difference was maintained until M9. Between M9 and M13, BW and Z-score of BMI were maintained in 12 adolescents, but increased (+9.7% and 14.8%, respectively, P < 0.001) in 10 adolescents. However, BMR did not change significantly in all adolescents. Between M13 and M25, BW, FM, FFM and BMR increased significantly (+13%, +34%, +6% et +5%, respectively, P < 0.001). During the 25 month period, adolescents of group E showed significant increases in BW, FFM and BMR (+8%, +14% and +10%, respectively, P < 0.001), and maintained their Z-score and FM. CONCLUSION: The reduction in BMR during the weight-reduction program at the institution could contribute to body weight regain in the post-obese adolescents if they do not maintain the lifestyle habits taught during the weight-reduction period. In other respects, Z-score was stabilized in 51% of domiciled obese adolescents.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2015Publisher:Revue Economie, Gestion et Société Authors: Said Tounsi; Aziz Ragbi;L'évaluation du taux de change d’équilibre de moyen terme à travers les trois mesures -l'équilibre macroéconomique, le taux de change d'équilibre et la viabilité extérieure- suggère une surévaluation du dirham marocain qui a atteint son niveau maximal en 2012. Cette évolution est liée à la dégradation du solde du compte courant comme en témoigne le creusement du déficit commercial et à la détérioration du déficit budgétaire. En somme, ce travail conclut que la surévaluation du dirham marocain a bien plus de déterminants que le déséquilibre extérieur. Si une politique de dévaluation semble être inappropriée dans le contexte actuel, la consolidation de l’équilibre macroéconomique se révèle alors comme une condition primordiale pour éviter une possible surévaluation du dirham marocain. Revue Economie, Gestion et Société, No 3 (2015)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2012 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Roussel, Olivier;L’objectif de cette thèse est de détailler les effets respiratoires induits par les associations de l’éthanol au THC et de l’éthanol au GHB. Les études ont été menées chez l’animal non anesthésié par pléthysmographie corps entier pendant les quatre heures suivant l’administration intrapéritonéale. Dans une première étape, les effets respiratoires de la prise isolée d’éthanol et de GHB ont été étudiés. Ces deux substances modifient le mode respiratoire : l’éthanol provoquant une tachypnée dès 3 g.kg-1, le GHB une respiration apneustique dès 600 mg.kg-1, sans insuffisance respiratoire (PaO2 normale). Les modifications des gaz du sang observées : acidémie pour l’éthanol et alcalose pour le GHB sont d’origine métabolique. A ces doses, ces deux substances perturbent aussi la conscience des animaux et la thermorégulation : l’éthanol induit une hypothermie et le GHB une évolution triphasique de la température : hypothermie/hyperthermie/ hypothermie. Les dosages sanguins et les études cinétiques menés lors de ces études confirment la vraisemblance de notre modèle et sa pertinence clinique et médicolégale. L’étude des associations à l’éthanol montre que les effets respiratoires du THC et du GHB sont conservés, seule leur association à la dose de 3 g.kg-1 d’éthanol a provoqué une baisse de la ventilation minute avec réduction du débit inspiratoire mais selon des mécanismes différents : baisse du volume courant pour l’association THC-éthanol et augmentation de la durée des apnées expiratoires pour celle du GHB à l’éthanol. Pour cette dernière, l’interaction cinétique observée après administration intrapéritonéale n’explique pas l’intensité du phénomène, une potentialisation est probable. The objective of this thesis was to study the time-course of the respiratory effects of THC/ethanol and GHB/ethanol associations. Respiration was studied using whole body plethysmography in non-anesthetized rats during the four hours following intraperitoneal injection. In a first step, both GHB and ethanol affected the respiratory pattern. Ethanol caused bradypnea at doses greater than 3 g.kg-1 and GHB induced apneusis above 600 mg.kg-1. Arterial blood gases modifications were metabolic: acidemia with ethanol and alkalosis with GHB. At those doses, both substances altered consciousness and body temperature of animals. Ethanol induced hypothermia and GHB a temperature triphasic change: hypothermia/ hyperthermia/hypothermia. Blood determinations and kinetic studies reinforced the likelihood, and clinical and forensic relevancies of our animal model. Association studies showed that the respiratory effects of THC and GHB were unchanged in presence of ethanol. Association with 3 g.kg-1 ethanol dose only provoked a reduction in minute volume and in mean inspiratory flow, but mechanisms were different. Ethanol and THC induced a decrease in tidal volume; ethanol and GHB an increase in expiratory apnea duration. The observed kinetic interaction between ethanol and GHB did not explain phenomenon intensity; a potentialization could occur.
INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2012INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert INRIA a CCSD electro... arrow_drop_down INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverMémoires en Sciences de l'Information et de la CommunicationDoctoral thesis . 2012INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serverDoctoral thesis . 2012Data sources: INRIA a CCSD electronic archive serveradd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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