• Energy Research
• 13. Climate action close
• 7. Clean energy close
• 14. Life underwater close
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• Lomonosov Moscow State University close

The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

Based on the calculations of the Earth's insolation, changes in the annual meridional insolation gradient were determined in the period from 3000 BC to 2999. Changes in the meridional insolation gradient are associated with changes in the angle of inclination of the Earth's rotation axis. Based on the regression model, it is shown that the trends of changes in the near-surface air temperature and ocean surface temperature (the temperature regime of the global climate) by 69.3-84.1% are determined by the insolation contrast. The insolation contrast generically (by radiative heat source and sink regions) reflects long-term changes in the meridional gradient of insolation, which regulates the intensity of meridional radiative heat transfer in the ocean–atmosphere system.

Scientific, educational, cultural and educational network Journal

Work is devoted to the use of methods of geoinformatics for the purposes of bioenergy. The main methods and trends in the development of this scientific area over the past 50 years are described. A review of international and domestic practice of research in this area has been carried out. Various methods of mapping bioenergy resources are presented, as well as tools that solve the problem of finding optimal places for placing energy facilities on biomass resources. The specifics of spatial data used in solving the problems of the bioenergy industry and the features of working with them in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS) are described.

Equipment that converts kinetic wind energy into electricity, including floating wind turbines, have large dimensions because of low air density. A variant of a sailing power plant is known, which converts the energy of the wind flow into the energy of a water current, which is used to produce electricity, which allows reducing the size of the energy converter, but the efficiency of power plants decreases at the same time, since part of the energy of the wind flow is spent on moving the sailing vehicle. In addition, there are difficulties in transferring the generated energy to an external consumer. The efficiency of a sailing power plant can be improved if it is installed on the ground. In this case, the movement of a vehicle is used to generate electricity, while the problem of transferring the generated energy to an external consumer is removed. In addition, land-based sailing power plants expand the field of wind energy use. An analysis of possible ways to implement a land-based sailing power plant was carried out, and an experimental installation was created on which mock-ups of sailing power plants were tested in order to verify the functioning of the elements included in the experimental installation and to find structural elements that can be used in the implementation of a land-based sailing installation. The results of these studies are presented in the article.

The paper presents deal with the heat pump designed mainly for heat supply systems using the qualitative law of regulation of the heat supply mode (constant flow rate of the heat carrier). For this purpose, an air-to-water heat pump with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and compressor driven be gas piston unit is used. The aim of the work is to develop a scheme in which the position of the operating point of the heat pump compressor does not depend on fluctuations in the refrigerant flow rate, as well as using the heat produced by the gas engine - driven by the heat pump compressor. This goal achieves by elaboration of internal heat exchangers with an adjustable heat exchange surface area. The heat exchange surface area regulates by installing of an intermediate heat-conducting cylindrical element between the refrigerant and thermal agent circuits. The intermediate cylindrical element moved by using, for example, an electric stepper drive. The conditions, under which the sleeve can be considered as a thermally thin body. To increase the COP of the heat pump (HP), the additional heat exchanger, installed at the outlet of the ejector used in the pump has been used. It is. In the heat exchanger, the working fluid has been heated by using the waste heat of the gas piston unit (GPU. It had been shown that in the temperature control loop the PI controller may be used, and to compensate for the flow rate pulsations, it is necessary to use a combined control system.

Installations that convert kinetic wind energy into electricity, including floating wind turbines, are large due to the low air density. The authors propose a sailing power plant that converts energy of the wind flow into energy of the water flow, which is used to generate electricity. That makes it possible to reduce the size of the energy converter. A model of a sailing power plant was created. It was madeas catamaran-wise, symmetrical with respect to the bow and stern, which makes cyclical movements along an arc of a circle in an angular interval specified with respect to the direction of the wind. Laboratory studies showed the fundamental feasibility ofthe installation, thoughits implementation requires to solve a number of problems, in particular, to determine design solutions to increase the speed of the catamaran. There were createdseveral versions of the catamaran model of different weights, with a different number of masts and sail areas, with which experimental studies were carried out. The article presents the results of these studies.