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  • 13. Climate action
  • 8. Economic growth
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Viorel POP;

    Energy is an essential factor regarding the economic development and for providing a high standard of living to the population of any country. Because energy is produced mainly using classic fuels (coal, oil and gas) for a few decades there are signals regarding their exhaustion. Therefore, mankind should concern more about finding viable alternatives to replace the classical fuels. This way the use of nuclear fuels appeared, then the force of the wind, of the tides and of the photovoltaic cells. However, there are still enough energy resources for further growth of the global energy production. The great consumers are both the major energy producers, only their hierarchy has changed and changes over time. The paper presents all these countries, and also Romania, including its specific developments in recent years.

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    Management Intercultural
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Management Intercult...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Management Intercultural
      Article . 2017
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    Authors: Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; +1 Authors

    Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.

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    Authors: Gohin, Alexandre; Gohin, Alexandre;

    [Paper in French] The European public policy in favor of the biodiesel consumption is highly debated. Available estimates of the induced land use changes conclude that this policy is inefficient to reduce emissions of GreenHouse Gas. We show that the crop yield evolutions in these estimates are significantly lower than the observed and expected evolutions. This difference is directly related to biased calibration choice of behavioral parameters. We show using the GTAP-BIO framework that a consistent calibration of these parameters leads to a strong reduction (by around 80% in the long run) of the land use changes and induced emissions.

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    ProdInra
    External research report . 2013
    License: CC BY SA
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2013
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      ProdInra
      External research report . 2013
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2013
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    Authors: Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy; +4 Authors

    Climate change will affect agricultural production conditions, which will translate in impacts on yield and cost of production for Quebec farmers. This would likely affect the relative competitive position of Quebec in North America. Using the Delphi technique and partial budgets, climate change scenarios for the 2050 period were elaborated and their impact on relative competitiveness assessed for Quebec and its competitors in North America. Results indicate that Quebec competitive position would improve due to more favorable conditions for corn and apple production and due to worsen conditions for the competitors in maple syrup production.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2014
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;

    Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.

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    Authors: EU Commission;

    An annex to this document called "Tableau comparatif des conditions de travail dans les industries de la Communauté = Comparative table of working conditions in the industries of the Community" can be found in this archive at http://aei.pitt.edu/36277. Sections are bookmarked. Comparative table of working conditions in the industries of the Community (Annexe to: Statistical collection of the European Coal and Steel Community) http://aei.pitt.edu/id/eprint/36277

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    Authors: Chebil, Ali; Mtimet, Nadhem; Tizaoui, Hassen; Chebil, Ali; +2 Authors

    L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’analyser l’impact du changement climatique sur la productivité des cultures céréalières dans la région de Béja, située au nord-ouest de la Tunisie. Pour ce faire, des modèles de régression multiple ont été estimés pour trois cultures céréalières (blé dur, blé tendre et orge). Les variables explicatives du rendement utilisées dans l’analyse sont celles d’ordre climatique (précipitations et températures) et le progrès technique. La période d’analyse est de 1980 à 2009. Les estimations des modèles de régression semi-logarithmiques ont montré que les rendements des différentes cultures céréalières dépendaient des variables climatiques et du progrès technique. L’analyse de la projection des effets du changement climatique sur les rendements céréaliers dans la zone d’étude, en utilisant les scénarios du modèle HadCM3, a montré que l’impact est important à l’horizon de 2030. Cet impact sera plus accentué pour le blé tendre. Ainsi, l’encouragement de la recherche en matière d’identification de nouvelles techniques agricoles, la diffusion de variétés tolérantes à la diminution des précipitations, dans les périodes critiques de croissance, et de variétés précoces, font partie des stratégies d’adaptation pour la réduction des effets du changement climatique sur le rendement céréalier à long terme...... This article analyzes the potential impact of climate change on cereal productivity in the Béja region of northwestern Tunisia. Multiple regression models were estimated for the cereal crops durum wheat, bread wheat and barley, using annual data from 1980 to 2009. The yield of each crop was used as the dependent variable, while the explanatory variables were mainly related to the climate (precipitation and temperature) and technological progress. The results show that yield variability is affected by climate and technological progress variables. The projected climate change scenarios predicted by the HadCM3 model will have a significant effect on crop yields by 2030, particularly for bread wheat. Some adaptation strategies that could alleviate climate change effects on cereal crops yields in the long run are the identification of new agricultural practices in this area, the widespread diffusion of varieties that can tolerate rainfall shortage during the critical periods, and the adoption of early maturing varieties.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2011
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2011
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    Authors: Beguería, Santiago; Caballero, Yvan; Le Cointe, Pierre; Palazón Tabuenca, Leticia; +13 Authors

    [ES] Este trabajo presenta una parte de los resultados obtenidos durante el proyecto de cooperación internacional PIRAGUA (EFA210/16), co-financiado por el Programa Interreg EFA (España-Francia-Andorra). Entre 2018 y 2021, el proyecto PIRAGUA abordó, mediante la cooperación transfronteriza, la evaluación del ciclo hidrológico y los recursos hídricos en los Pirineos, en el presente y en futuro, en el contexto del cambio climático. Para ello, los socios del proyecto unificaron y homogeneizaron la información hidrológica existente, propusieron indicadores hidrológicos, analizaron las tendencias observadas en dichos indicadores, desarrollaron modelos de simulación para conocer en detalle los distintos componentes del balance hídrico, y realizaron simulaciones numéricas a partir de proyecciones climáticas bajo distintos escenarios de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para evaluar las consecuencias del cambio climático sobre el ciclo hidrológico y los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos. El objetivo de este volumen es realizar una caracterización de los recursos hídricos superficiales y subterráneos de los Pirineos, así como de la gestión y uso de dichos recursos (Capítulo 1); analizar los registros de caudal, niveles de acuíferos e inundaciones para determinar patrones espaciales y determinar las tendencias temporales observadas en las últimas décadas (Capítulo 2); aplicar herramientas de simulación para ampliar el conocimiento sobre los distintos componentes del balance hídrico de los Pirineos (Capítulo 3); y realizar una serie de experimentos de simulación numérica para determinar los posibles cambios del balance hídrico y los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos a lo largo del siglo XXI, en un contexto de cambio climático (Capítulo 4). [FR] Ce travail présente une partie des résultats d'un projet de coopération internationale du Programme Interreg EFA (Espagne-France-Andorre). Entre 2018 et 2021, le projet PIRAGUA (EFA210/16) a abordé, par le biais de la coopération transfrontalière, l'évaluation du cycle hydrologique et des ressources hydriques dans les Pyrénées, pour le présent et l'avenir, dans le contexte du changement climatique. Pour cela, les partenaires du projet ont unifié et homogénéisé les informations hydrologiques existantes, proposé des indicateurs hydrologiques, analysé les tendances observées pour ces indicateurs, développé des modèles de simulation pour connaître les détails du bilan hydrique et réalisé des expériences de simulation numérique, afin d'évaluer les conséquences de scénarios de changement climatique sur le cycle hydrologique et les ressources hydriques des Pyrénées. L'objectif de ce volume est de réaliser une caractérisation des ressources hydriques de surface et souterraines des Pyrénées, de la gestion et de l'emploi des ressources (Chapitre 1) ; analyser les registres de débit, le niveau des aquifères et les inondations afin de déterminer des schémas spatiaux ainsi que les tendances temporelles observées ces dernières décennies (Chapitre 2) ; appliquer des outils de simulation pour réaliser un diagnostic des différents éléments du bilan hydrique des Pyrénées (Chapitre 3); réaliser une série d'expériences de simulation pour déterminer les éventuels changements du bilan hydrique et des ressources hydriques des Pyrénées tout au long du XXIᵉ siècle, dans un contexte de changement climatique (Chapitre 4). [EN] This volume presents part of the results obtained during the international cooperation project PIRAGUA (EFA210/16), co-financed by the Interreg EFA Program (Spain-France-Andorra). Between 2018 and 2021, the PIRAGUA project addressed, through cross-border cooperation, the evaluation of the hydrological cycle and water resources in the Pyrenees, in the present and in the future, in the context of climate change. To do this, the project partners unified and homogenized the existing hydrological information, proposed hydrological indicators, analyzed the trends observed in said indicators, developed simulation models to know in detail the different components of the water balance, and carried out numerical simulations based on projections under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions to assess the consequences of climate change on the hydrological cycle and the water resources of the Pyrenees. The objective of this volume is to carry out a characterization of the surface and underground water resources of the Pyrenees, as well as the management and use of said resources (Chapter 1); analyze flow records, aquifer levels, and floods to determine spatial patterns and determine temporal trends observed in recent decades (Chapter 2); apply simulation tools to expand knowledge about the different components of the water balance of the Pyrenees (Chapter 3); and carry out a series of numerical simulation experiments to determine possible changes in the water balance and water resources of the Pyrenees throughout the 21st century, in a context of climate change (Chapter 4). This report was developed within the project EFA210/16 PIRAGUA (“Evaluación y prospectiva de los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos en un contexto de cambio climático, y medidas de adaptación con impacto en el territorio / Evaluation et prospective des ressources en eau des Pyrénées dans un contexte de changement climatique, et mesures d’adaptation avec un impact sur le territoire”), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014-2020) (65%) and the project’s partners: CSIC, UPV/EHU, UB, OE, IGME, CNRS, BRGM, INRAE and OBSA (35%). [FR] Un fichier PDF avec la version pré-imprimée du document; [EN] One PDF files with the pre-print version of the document; [ES] Un archivo PDF con la versión de pre-impresión del documento. Peer reviewed

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    Digital.CSIC
    Book . 2023
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    Book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Khalid, Derraz; Rachid, Elalami; Ilham, Atiki; Mohamed Alaoui, Mhamdi;

    In order to assess the impact of crustacean zooplankton on phytoplankton and protozoan ciliates in the Sahela reservoir under semi-arid climate, we conducted experiments during the period from July to December 1999 at the deepest point in the lake (15 m). Samplings and measurements were carried out in diffusion chambers submerged in situ over a period of 7 h without (control chambers) and with (experimental chambers) crustacean zooplankton. During these experiments, counts were conducted on phytoplankton and ciliates to determine the abundance and the mortality of these organisms due to zooplankton in each diffusion chambers at t = 0 and t = 7 h of incubation. The study showed that the growth rates of phytoplankton and ciliates populations varied between 0.02 and 0.05 h-1 and from 0.01 to 0.07 h-1, respectively. The mortality caused by zooplankton grazing fluctuated from 0.07 to 0.2 h-1 of phytoplankton and from 0.01 to 0.2 h-1 of ciliates. These mortalities were significantly and positively correlated with the growth rates (r = 0.8; p < 0.02; n = 9). Moreover, the heavy predation by the crustacean zooplankton was exerted on small-sized phytoplankton and ciliates and we demonstrated the relationships between protozoans and zooplankton for the transfer of matter and energy in aquatic food webs. Furthermore, the crustacean zooplankton metabolism was different, whether zooplankton was present in diffusion chambers or in the lake.

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    Authors: Brunel, Thomas;

    Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.

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    Authors: Viorel POP;

    Energy is an essential factor regarding the economic development and for providing a high standard of living to the population of any country. Because energy is produced mainly using classic fuels (coal, oil and gas) for a few decades there are signals regarding their exhaustion. Therefore, mankind should concern more about finding viable alternatives to replace the classical fuels. This way the use of nuclear fuels appeared, then the force of the wind, of the tides and of the photovoltaic cells. However, there are still enough energy resources for further growth of the global energy production. The great consumers are both the major energy producers, only their hierarchy has changed and changes over time. The paper presents all these countries, and also Romania, including its specific developments in recent years.

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    Management Intercultural
    Article . 2017
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      Management Intercultural
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    Authors: Heral, Maurice; Razet, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Berthome, Jean-paul; +1 Authors

    Les grandes caractéristiques hydrobiologiques du bassin de Marennes-Oléron sont définies par quatre campagnes saisonnières de 120 prélèvements chacune effectuée-, en 15 stations en demi-cycle de marée. Les salinités y fluctuent de 10 '/rr. et ce secteur peut donc être assimilé à un vaste estuaire contrôlé principalement par les apports fluviaux de la Charente. La turbidité reste élevée souvent supérieure à 100 mg.I"', les teneurs en oxygène dissous montrent un déficit en amont de la Charente et de la Seudre de 4 mg.L1 tandis que les sels nutritifs sont apportés par la Charente pour les nitrates, phosphates et silicates. Ces derniers suivent les courbes de dilution théorique excepté lors des poussées phytoplanctoniques et lors des crues hivernales. Lors de ces crues, les nitrates semblent soit apportés par la Gironde, soit dus à une minéralisation organique. Au même moment, les phosphates pourraient être absorbés sur les particules et être piégés dans les sédiments. Les biomasses phytoplanctoniques exprimées par les teneurs en chlorophylle a sont supésieures à 30 f^-g.1 ' en amont des estuaires au printemps avec des teneurs en phéopigmenls pouvants dépasser 200 IUJ.1 . par contre, dans le bassin, les teneurs ne dépassent guère 10 fig.l ''. Les concentrations en ATP montrent que peu de phytoplancton est physiologiquement actif en particulier dans les estuaires, tandis que les dosages de protéines permettent de quantifier la part des apports allochtone - par rapport à la production autochtone des estuaires. Line analyse factorielle des correspondances définit le schéma général hydrobiologique du bassin estuarien en précisant que 'e rôle de la Charente ne se limite pas à l'apport en sels minéraux azotés et phosphatés, mais aussi à l'apport d'une biomasse phytoplanctonique d'eau douce en voie de dégénérescence. Les auteurs proposent qu'une nouvelle stratégie d'échantillonnage, mieux adaptée aux objectifs recherchés, soit suivie ultérieurement en assurant des prélèvements en cycle de marée mais avec une périodicité la plus élevée possible. Four seasonal compaigns providing a sampling of 15 stations each followed during half a tide cycle, i.e. 120 water samples permit the definition of the main hydrobiological features of Marennes-Oleron Bay: salinity and turbidity, phytoplanktonic biomasses, ATP concentrations. The authors suggest that a new way of adapted sampling to their objectives, will work out in the future by sampling during tidal cycles but as frequently as possible.

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    Authors: Gohin, Alexandre; Gohin, Alexandre;

    [Paper in French] The European public policy in favor of the biodiesel consumption is highly debated. Available estimates of the induced land use changes conclude that this policy is inefficient to reduce emissions of GreenHouse Gas. We show that the crop yield evolutions in these estimates are significantly lower than the observed and expected evolutions. This difference is directly related to biased calibration choice of behavioral parameters. We show using the GTAP-BIO framework that a consistent calibration of these parameters leads to a strong reduction (by around 80% in the long run) of the land use changes and induced emissions.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2013
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    Authors: Tamini, Lota D.; Clerkson, Frédérick; Doyon, Maurice; Debailleul, Guy; +4 Authors

    Climate change will affect agricultural production conditions, which will translate in impacts on yield and cost of production for Quebec farmers. This would likely affect the relative competitive position of Quebec in North America. Using the Delphi technique and partial budgets, climate change scenarios for the 2050 period were elaborated and their impact on relative competitiveness assessed for Quebec and its competitors in North America. Results indicate that Quebec competitive position would improve due to more favorable conditions for corn and apple production and due to worsen conditions for the competitors in maple syrup production.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2014
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    Authors: Maestrini, S; Rochet, M; Legendre, L; Demers, S;

    Nutrient analyses were done in melted ice, frazil and sea water of the upper part of the water column, where as major constitutive elements of micro-algae were analysed. Measurements of nutrient uptake were carried out with frazil algae incubated at -1.5 degree C in a field incubator. Differential-enrichment bioassays and mean N/P ratio (5.9) demonstrated that actual growth of the cultures was nutrient-limited. Nitrogen governed the algal yield when illumination and grazing allowed the microalgae to grow. It concluded that the epontic dynamics is not only controlled from above, by the seasonal (climatic) changes in light intensity as generally assumed, but also from below, by the short-term (hydrodynamic) events of vertical mixing that replenish the ice-water interface in nutrients.

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    Authors: EU Commission;

    An annex to this document called "Tableau comparatif des conditions de travail dans les industries de la Communauté = Comparative table of working conditions in the industries of the Community" can be found in this archive at http://aei.pitt.edu/36277. Sections are bookmarked. Comparative table of working conditions in the industries of the Community (Annexe to: Statistical collection of the European Coal and Steel Community) http://aei.pitt.edu/id/eprint/36277

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    Authors: Chebil, Ali; Mtimet, Nadhem; Tizaoui, Hassen; Chebil, Ali; +2 Authors

    L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’analyser l’impact du changement climatique sur la productivité des cultures céréalières dans la région de Béja, située au nord-ouest de la Tunisie. Pour ce faire, des modèles de régression multiple ont été estimés pour trois cultures céréalières (blé dur, blé tendre et orge). Les variables explicatives du rendement utilisées dans l’analyse sont celles d’ordre climatique (précipitations et températures) et le progrès technique. La période d’analyse est de 1980 à 2009. Les estimations des modèles de régression semi-logarithmiques ont montré que les rendements des différentes cultures céréalières dépendaient des variables climatiques et du progrès technique. L’analyse de la projection des effets du changement climatique sur les rendements céréaliers dans la zone d’étude, en utilisant les scénarios du modèle HadCM3, a montré que l’impact est important à l’horizon de 2030. Cet impact sera plus accentué pour le blé tendre. Ainsi, l’encouragement de la recherche en matière d’identification de nouvelles techniques agricoles, la diffusion de variétés tolérantes à la diminution des précipitations, dans les périodes critiques de croissance, et de variétés précoces, font partie des stratégies d’adaptation pour la réduction des effets du changement climatique sur le rendement céréalier à long terme...... This article analyzes the potential impact of climate change on cereal productivity in the Béja region of northwestern Tunisia. Multiple regression models were estimated for the cereal crops durum wheat, bread wheat and barley, using annual data from 1980 to 2009. The yield of each crop was used as the dependent variable, while the explanatory variables were mainly related to the climate (precipitation and temperature) and technological progress. The results show that yield variability is affected by climate and technological progress variables. The projected climate change scenarios predicted by the HadCM3 model will have a significant effect on crop yields by 2030, particularly for bread wheat. Some adaptation strategies that could alleviate climate change effects on cereal crops yields in the long run are the identification of new agricultural practices in this area, the widespread diffusion of varieties that can tolerate rainfall shortage during the critical periods, and the adoption of early maturing varieties.

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    Other literature type . 2011
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    Authors: Beguería, Santiago; Caballero, Yvan; Le Cointe, Pierre; Palazón Tabuenca, Leticia; +13 Authors

    [ES] Este trabajo presenta una parte de los resultados obtenidos durante el proyecto de cooperación internacional PIRAGUA (EFA210/16), co-financiado por el Programa Interreg EFA (España-Francia-Andorra). Entre 2018 y 2021, el proyecto PIRAGUA abordó, mediante la cooperación transfronteriza, la evaluación del ciclo hidrológico y los recursos hídricos en los Pirineos, en el presente y en futuro, en el contexto del cambio climático. Para ello, los socios del proyecto unificaron y homogeneizaron la información hidrológica existente, propusieron indicadores hidrológicos, analizaron las tendencias observadas en dichos indicadores, desarrollaron modelos de simulación para conocer en detalle los distintos componentes del balance hídrico, y realizaron simulaciones numéricas a partir de proyecciones climáticas bajo distintos escenarios de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para evaluar las consecuencias del cambio climático sobre el ciclo hidrológico y los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos. El objetivo de este volumen es realizar una caracterización de los recursos hídricos superficiales y subterráneos de los Pirineos, así como de la gestión y uso de dichos recursos (Capítulo 1); analizar los registros de caudal, niveles de acuíferos e inundaciones para determinar patrones espaciales y determinar las tendencias temporales observadas en las últimas décadas (Capítulo 2); aplicar herramientas de simulación para ampliar el conocimiento sobre los distintos componentes del balance hídrico de los Pirineos (Capítulo 3); y realizar una serie de experimentos de simulación numérica para determinar los posibles cambios del balance hídrico y los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos a lo largo del siglo XXI, en un contexto de cambio climático (Capítulo 4). [FR] Ce travail présente une partie des résultats d'un projet de coopération internationale du Programme Interreg EFA (Espagne-France-Andorre). Entre 2018 et 2021, le projet PIRAGUA (EFA210/16) a abordé, par le biais de la coopération transfrontalière, l'évaluation du cycle hydrologique et des ressources hydriques dans les Pyrénées, pour le présent et l'avenir, dans le contexte du changement climatique. Pour cela, les partenaires du projet ont unifié et homogénéisé les informations hydrologiques existantes, proposé des indicateurs hydrologiques, analysé les tendances observées pour ces indicateurs, développé des modèles de simulation pour connaître les détails du bilan hydrique et réalisé des expériences de simulation numérique, afin d'évaluer les conséquences de scénarios de changement climatique sur le cycle hydrologique et les ressources hydriques des Pyrénées. L'objectif de ce volume est de réaliser une caractérisation des ressources hydriques de surface et souterraines des Pyrénées, de la gestion et de l'emploi des ressources (Chapitre 1) ; analyser les registres de débit, le niveau des aquifères et les inondations afin de déterminer des schémas spatiaux ainsi que les tendances temporelles observées ces dernières décennies (Chapitre 2) ; appliquer des outils de simulation pour réaliser un diagnostic des différents éléments du bilan hydrique des Pyrénées (Chapitre 3); réaliser une série d'expériences de simulation pour déterminer les éventuels changements du bilan hydrique et des ressources hydriques des Pyrénées tout au long du XXIᵉ siècle, dans un contexte de changement climatique (Chapitre 4). [EN] This volume presents part of the results obtained during the international cooperation project PIRAGUA (EFA210/16), co-financed by the Interreg EFA Program (Spain-France-Andorra). Between 2018 and 2021, the PIRAGUA project addressed, through cross-border cooperation, the evaluation of the hydrological cycle and water resources in the Pyrenees, in the present and in the future, in the context of climate change. To do this, the project partners unified and homogenized the existing hydrological information, proposed hydrological indicators, analyzed the trends observed in said indicators, developed simulation models to know in detail the different components of the water balance, and carried out numerical simulations based on projections under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions to assess the consequences of climate change on the hydrological cycle and the water resources of the Pyrenees. The objective of this volume is to carry out a characterization of the surface and underground water resources of the Pyrenees, as well as the management and use of said resources (Chapter 1); analyze flow records, aquifer levels, and floods to determine spatial patterns and determine temporal trends observed in recent decades (Chapter 2); apply simulation tools to expand knowledge about the different components of the water balance of the Pyrenees (Chapter 3); and carry out a series of numerical simulation experiments to determine possible changes in the water balance and water resources of the Pyrenees throughout the 21st century, in a context of climate change (Chapter 4). This report was developed within the project EFA210/16 PIRAGUA (“Evaluación y prospectiva de los recursos hídricos de los Pirineos en un contexto de cambio climático, y medidas de adaptación con impacto en el territorio / Evaluation et prospective des ressources en eau des Pyrénées dans un contexte de changement climatique, et mesures d’adaptation avec un impact sur le territoire”), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain France Andorra program (POCTEFA 2014-2020) (65%) and the project’s partners: CSIC, UPV/EHU, UB, OE, IGME, CNRS, BRGM, INRAE and OBSA (35%). [FR] Un fichier PDF avec la version pré-imprimée du document; [EN] One PDF files with the pre-print version of the document; [ES] Un archivo PDF con la versión de pre-impresión del documento. Peer reviewed

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    Authors: Khalid, Derraz; Rachid, Elalami; Ilham, Atiki; Mohamed Alaoui, Mhamdi;

    In order to assess the impact of crustacean zooplankton on phytoplankton and protozoan ciliates in the Sahela reservoir under semi-arid climate, we conducted experiments during the period from July to December 1999 at the deepest point in the lake (15 m). Samplings and measurements were carried out in diffusion chambers submerged in situ over a period of 7 h without (control chambers) and with (experimental chambers) crustacean zooplankton. During these experiments, counts were conducted on phytoplankton and ciliates to determine the abundance and the mortality of these organisms due to zooplankton in each diffusion chambers at t = 0 and t = 7 h of incubation. The study showed that the growth rates of phytoplankton and ciliates populations varied between 0.02 and 0.05 h-1 and from 0.01 to 0.07 h-1, respectively. The mortality caused by zooplankton grazing fluctuated from 0.07 to 0.2 h-1 of phytoplankton and from 0.01 to 0.2 h-1 of ciliates. These mortalities were significantly and positively correlated with the growth rates (r = 0.8; p < 0.02; n = 9). Moreover, the heavy predation by the crustacean zooplankton was exerted on small-sized phytoplankton and ciliates and we demonstrated the relationships between protozoans and zooplankton for the transfer of matter and energy in aquatic food webs. Furthermore, the crustacean zooplankton metabolism was different, whether zooplankton was present in diffusion chambers or in the lake.

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    Authors: Brunel, Thomas;

    Le recrutement - nombre de jeunes individus issus de la reproduction qui contribuent annuellement au renouvellement des stocks de poissons exploités - est un facteur clé de la dynamique de ces stocks. La forte variabilité du recrutement de la plupart des populations est liée en grande partie à l'influence des facteurs de l'environnement sur la survie lors des premiers stades de développement. La compréhension du déterminisme de cette variabilité est primordiale pour une gestion efficace des stocks. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de généraliser un certain nombre de points concernant l'influence de l'environnement sur le recrutement, par l'utilisation d'une approche macroécologique portant sur l'ensemble des populations exploitées de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Le premier chapitre de la thèse répertorie les différentes sources de données de recrutement disponibles, évalue leur cohérence et leur fiabilité. Les estimations du recrutement issues des modèles d'analyse de cohortes, concernant plus de 60 populations de 18 espèces, sont finalement retenues pour l'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. Le second chapitre présente les concepts et les méthodes d'analyse de la variabilité du recrutement. La synthèse des grandes hypothèses du déterminisme du recrutement permet de préciser les influences respectives des facteurs environnementaux et des autres facteurs sur la variabilité du recrutement. Les relations stock/recrutement sont ensuite présentées, en partant du cas concret des populations considérées dans cette étude. Le chapitre se termine par la présentation des différentes voies d'étude de la variabilité du recrutement et la justification du choix d'une approche macroécologique. Le troisième chapitre analyse les corrélations des variations du recrutement entre les populations et met en évidence des ensembles de populations dont les variations du recrutement ont été synchrones. Ces synchronismes représentent des communautés de réponse du recrutement des populations à l'influence des facteurs environnementaux et témoignent donc du contrôle environnemental des variations du recrutement. Le quatrième chapitre analyse les différences de variabilité du recrutement entre les populations. Il est notamment montré que les populations situées près des limites Nord et Sud des aires de répartition géographique des espèces présentent une variabilité du recrutement plus forte que celles situées au centre de ces aires. Cette relation est cohérente avec les théories de la macroécologie, selon lesquelles les populations en limite de distribution seraient affectées de façon plus marquée par les fluctuations des conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent. Le cinquième chapitre examine la correspondance entre les variations à long terme du recrutement et les changements récents du climat dans l'Atlantique Nord. La tendance dominante du recrutement de 40 populations durant les trente dernières années est fortement corrélée au signal dominant des variations de la température de surface du Nord-Est Atlantique, lui-même corrélé à la cinétique globale du réchauffement climatique. Ce chapitre suggère également que la réponse des populations à ce réchauffement pourrait dépendre de leur position dans les aires de répartition des espèces. Recruitment - the number of young fishes that integrate each year the exploitable stock¿ has a central importance for stock dynamics. The high temporal variability in recruitment is a result of the environmental influence on survival during early life stages. Understanding the determinism of the influence of environment on recruitment remains one of the most important question in fisheries ecology. The present work aimed at answering some general questions about the influence of environment on fish recruitment using a macroecological approach. The study focused on the exploited fish populations of the Northeastern Atlantic. The first chapter of the thesis makes a review of the different methods used to estimate recruitment, compares recruitment estimates from these different methods, and discusses their reliability. Recruitment estimates from cohort analysis models, concerning more than 60 populations of 18 species, are finally retained to study recruitment variability. The second chapter presents the main concepts and the different approaches to the study of recruitment variability. A review of the major hypotheses concerning recruitment determinism is first made in order to detail the respective influence of environmental factors and of other factors on recruitment variability. The link between stock size and recruitment is then presented, based on the analysis of the data concerning the populations considered in this work. The chapter ends with a presentation of the different approaches used to study recruitment variability, and the justification of the choice of a macroecological approach. The third chapter analyses correlations in recruitment variations among Northeast Atlantic fish stocks, and shows the existence of groups of populations with synchronous recruitment variations. Such synchronies in recruitment correspond to similar responses of recruitment to environmental factors and hence indicate an environmental control of recruitment variations. The fourth chapter analyses the differences in recruitment variability among populations. Recruitment variability for populations living near the borders of species distribution ranges is higher than for populations living at the centre of these ranges. According to macroecological theories this pattern of recruitment variability within species geographical ranges suggests that populations on the border of species range are more strongly influenced by environmental variability than populations at the centre of the range. The fifth chapter investigates coherence between long term trends in recruitment and the changes in the North Atlantic climate during the last three decades. The dominant trend of recruitment variations for 40 populations, extracted by a principal component analysis, is strongly negatively correlated with the dominant signal in sea surface temperature in the North-East Atlantic, which is highly correlated to the global increase in temperature related to global warming. The chapter also suggests that the impact of the global warming on fish recruitment may depend on population position in species range.

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