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Questionnaire research and interview method were applied to study the introduction of the collaborative education provided by government, business, university and research institute in the area of rural and regional development at Zhejiang Ocean University (ZOU). Various training modes: joint enrollment and training, double-tutor system (two supervisors for one postgraduate, one is from the university, the other is from government or business or research institute) together with the establishment of collaborative staff training have been adopted to carry out the collaborative education that has provided better results. However, there are still some problems: misbalanced cooperation, unrelated cooperation fields that lead to the staff training objective not to be adequately met with practical needs. The article offers the way to construct a new training mode between government, business, university and research institute for the professional degree programme Master of Rural and Regional Development.

The article describes the major stages and the evolution of the research in the sphere of sustainability of economic entities (units), defines the relationship between sustainable development and changes in the key elements of an organization’s business processes, identifies the peculiarities of sustainable development of economic units belonging to different levels and their interdependence. The author analyses the basic approaches to giving definitions of sustainability in political economy, system analysis and in applied economics, singles out their similarities and objective differences. The article mainly focuses on defining sustainability ofa business entity as a primary element of national economy. It compares major features and factors of ensuring the sustainability including the consistency of strategic changes in different elements of production and business processes, monitoring of changes in close and distant environment of an economic entity, using the best practices of business partners, the analysis of support of long-term innovations by current changes which ensure the elimination of losses and sustainable cost reduction on the basis of resource-efficient development. Special emphasis is put on integration factors of ensuring the sustainability. The author proves that to ensure the sustainability consistent changes resulting in a synergistic effect are required.

The purification of industrial and surface wastewater from heavy metal ions (HMI) to requirements for the discharge of treated wastewater into natural waters is one of the most complicated environmental and technological problems. For the deep purification of waste water from the HMI, the use of cheap sorbents obtained from production waste is the most promising. One of the many-tonnage wastes of technology of inorganic substances is the sludge formed in the production of soda by the ammonia Solvay, s method. Currently, sludge is stored in sludge accumulators and is a long-term source of pollution of environmental objects. Scientific developments in the utilization of slimes with the production of building materials, etc., have not found wide practical use, which is due to the heterogeneity of the granulometric and chemical composition of the waste. Carried out X-ray phase analysis and studies of the physicochemical and chemical properties of waste samples showed that its main components are calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium hydroxide (portlandite). It is known that the natural mineral limestone efficiently extracts HMI from aqueous solutions with the formation of less soluble basic salts, carbonates, and hydroxy carbonates of HM. It has been established that sludge samples have high sorption activity when copper(II) and zinc ions are extracted from low concentrated solutions (sorption capacity for copper ions is 35.0 mg/g, sorption capacity for zinc ions is 40 mg/g). To increase the operational properties, a method has been developed for the production of a modified granular sorbent based on the sludge of soda production, consisting in treating with sodium silicate. The effect of a dose of sodium silicate in the sorbent composition on the mechanical strength and sorption properties of the obtained samples was studied. It has been established that the introduction of 8,6% SiO2 into the sludge leads to an increase in the mechanical strength by 50–80%, and does not have a significant effect on the sorption activity of the material. The kinetic and sorption regularities of extraction of copper(II) ions and zinc on modified sorbents are revealed. Based on the analysis of the adsorption isotherms obtained, the adsorption equilibrium constants and maximum adsorption values (Amax (Cu2+) = 50.8 mg/g; Amax (Zn2+) = 97.1 mg/g) were determined. Obtained sorption materials can be recommended for wastewater treatment from HMI.

В статье обоснована необходимость развития возобновляемых источников энергии, где наиболее перспективным направлением определено строительство солнечных электростанций. Проведен анализ существующих мощностей на основе возобновляемой энергии в рамках всего Мирового хозяйства за последние годы, при этом установлены основные направления инновационного развития солнечной энергетики. По результатам исследования было выявлено наличие активной инновационной деятельности в области солнечной энергетики, определены основные ее преимущества как относительно традиционных способов выработки энергии, так и прочих возобновляемых источников энергии. Данное исследование позволило сделать вывод, что регулярному использованию экологически чистых источников энергии препятствуют существенные материальные затраты. The article substantiates the necessity in developing renewable energy sources, where the construction of solar power plants are considered the most promising direction. The study conducts an analysis of the existing capacities based on renewable energy in the entire world economy in recent years, while also establishing the main directions of innovative development of solar energy. The results of the study determine the presence of active innovative activities in the field of solar energy, identifies its main advantages both in relation to traditional methods of energy generation and other renewable energy sources. This study allowed the authors to conclude that the regular use of environmentally friendly energy sources is hindered by significant material costs. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 129-131

Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

The aim of the article is to elaborate and to investigate the automatic control system of pressure in front of evaporators of the multifunctional heat pump, which has several condensers and several evaporators. The control system must reduce the value of pressure perturbations acting on evaporators and decrease the value of pressure pulsations before them. To solve this problem, a hydraulic scheme has been developed in which this parameter is stabilized by using fine and coarse adjustment valves in hydraulic circuits of condensers and compressors using a pressure control system for a static flow mixer. The system for control of the flow of the refrigerant consists of two groups of compressors with automatic control drives installed in the lines of each of the condensers. The pressure control system uses a model of control valve with proportional-integral – derivative (PID) controller in the direct line of the controller loop. This solution allowed simplifying the heat pump control system by eliminating the necessity of matching the pressure and flow control valves in each line and controlling the flow in the line over a wider range as well. A mathematical model of the static mixer of flows installed after the pressure control valves is obtained. The proposed pressure control system gives a possibility to reduce the amplitude of pulsations of pressure before the evaporators up to 14-16 times.

Разработка стратегии устойчивого развития организации особенно актуальна в Российской Федерации, т.к. в данный момент происходит изменение восприятия устойчивого развития компании. Несколько лет назад о вопросах устойчивого развития и внедрении стандартов ESG говорили в основном банки и промышленные компании. В последнее время произошло изменение этой ситуации, и сейчас крупнейшие российские ритейлеры уделяют этому аспекту пристальное внимание. Розничная торговля - один из динамично развивающихся секторов российской экономики, превосходящий другие отрасли по темпам роста. На протяжении последних лет сектор розничной торговли в России продемонстрировал заметный рост, опередив западные, прежде всего европейские, страны. Forming sustainable development strategy of organizations is especially relevant in the Russian Federation because, at the moment, there is a change in perception of company sustainable development. A few years ago, questions of sustainable development and implementation of ESG standards were mainly discussed by banks and industrial companies. Recently, this situation has changed, and now the largest Russian retailers pay close attention to this aspect. Retail is one of the rapid developing sectors of the Russian economy, which exceeds other sectors in terms of growth. Over the course of recent years, the retail sector in Russia has shown remarkable growth, leaving behind Western, especially European, countries. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (119) 2022, Pages 163-167

An electric power plant induced increase in water temperature substantially affects aqueous medium. Any hydraulic facility zones to be artificially heated and used by power plants may be considered as peculiar “anthropogenic hydrothermal systems”. Interrelation properties of specific abiotic and biotic parameters of such extreme ecosystems shall be studied at large for understanding hydraulic facility ecosystem biological efficiency and trophic status alteration factors. This paper applies to analysis of relations between hydrothermal zone environment factors and basic characteristics of the plankton population in the Kharanorskaya State District Power Station (Trans-Baikal Territory) cooling reservoir. The population of planktonic animals and plants were studied at a thermal zone of the cooling reservoir by using standard hydrobiologic methods for the period of February to October, 2013. Hydrochemical samples were processed at the industrial sanitary laboratory of INTER RAO-Electroenergy JSC, Kharanorskaya SDPS branch using common techniques. It was found that phytoplankton contained 40 taxonomic groups of algae and 25 invertebrate species of animal plankton. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Crysophyta dominated in algocenosis amounted to 80% of the total taxonomic groups. As for Rotifera, it dominated in animal plankton cenosis amounted to 40% of the total species. It is demonstrated that the dominated complex varies seasonally. Quantity of phytoplankton and animal plankton has been specified. The algal species diversity has drastically reduced and quality of invertebrate animals has fallen down within the period when water was maximally warmed up since temperature values jumped up and oxygen content come down. With some aquatic organisms (i.e. algae and invertebrate animals) taken as an example, it was found that the offset and extension of organism growth periods induce a primary reaction to particular thermal load increase factors. Inverse temperature correlation was identified at surface and natural water layers to have specific abiotic parameters in relation to clear water and nitrate levels in water. As provided by biotic plankton sampling statistical data, it was found that temperature, cation and anion water composition, as well as suspended solid concentration are the main factors that affect growth of organisms in the anthropogenic water reservoir of the hydraulic facilities.

The increasing electrification of the transport infrastructure, residential and commercial sectors of a "smart city" induces structural changes in energy sector. This investigation will enhance our understanding of mechanisms to develop a regional power industry, which would serve intellectual technologies of future urban environment considering national features. The authors define electrification as the process of bringing the most advanced energy carrier - electricity - to the national economy. This process integrates the spheres of electric power consumption and electric power generation. The article identifies the features and key trends in a new electrification stage in «smart cities». The paper shows that the energy sector of such cities combines centralized and decentralized technological solutions. This requires a certain readjustment of the distribution and sales divisions of the regional electric power industry. In particular, modernization of low-voltage distribution networks, improvement of tariff policy, implementation of programs of energy demand management are needed. The authors reveal priority areas for electrification in smart cities. Firstly, these cities need to develop electric transport, electric cars and associated infrastructure. Secondly, the introduction of various control systems for residential appliances will make households smarter. We show the impact of electric cars on the electricity market and loads in a regional energy system. In particular, we analyse the foreign experience of electric cars integration into power network. As regards the electrification of smart homes, the authors outline the basic «energy» conditions for their design, and requirements to be met by regional contractors, producers of energy equipment, utilities and grid companies. We develop a system of technological and economic solutions for moving relevant projects to an active phase. These projects include controllable generation power equipments, energy saving equipments and storages, power plants structure optimizing, electrical grinds shortening. Moreover, the authors propose a variety of differentiated electricity tariffs that would encourage electrification in smart cities. Рассмотрены организационно-экономические аспекты структурных изменений энергетики в "умном городе" при глубокой электрификации его транспортной инфраструктуры, бытового и коммерческого секторов. Определены особенности и основные направления нового этапа электрификации в "умных городах". Продемонстрировано влияние роста электромобилей на рынок электроэнергии и нагрузки в региональной энергосистеме. Проанализирован зарубежный опыт интеграции электромобилей в энергетическую сеть. Разработан комплекс технико-экономических решений. Предложены различные варианты дифференцированных тарифов на электроэнергию, стимулирующих электрификацию в умных городах.