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The country’s unique philosophy is expressed by Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness (GNH) as the guiding principle of development. Bhutan is at a crossroads: It can maintain the current pattern of development—with rising inequality—or develop a vibrant private sector to generate jobs and diversify the economy, building resilience to future external shocks. The overarching priority of this Country Partnership Framework (CPF) is job creation. This CPF presents an integrated framework of WBG support to help Bhutan achieve inclusive and sustainable development through private sector–led job creation.

Population growth and economic development, aggravated by climate change, will increase pressure on energy and water resources. Integrated planning can make the most of these two essential and scarce resources. Thirsty Energy, a World Bank initiative, helps countries address these issues and ensure sustainable development of both resources. This note focuses on the water needs of the power sector and particularly answers the following questions: Why is this issue important? Do power plants need all that much water? What about other types of plants? What are the challenges? and, What are our options?

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Northern Ireland Family Expenditure Survey (NIFES) was conducted in Northern Ireland from 1967-1998, and was the counterpart to the Family Expenditure Survey (FES), which was conducted annually in Great Britain from 1957-2001 (see under GN 33057). The FES/NIFES provided reliable data on expenditure and income in relation to household characteristics. The results of the survey show how expenditure patterns of different kinds of households vary, and the extent to which individual members of a household contribute to the household income. Although originally commissioned to provide expenditure details for the calculation of weights for the Retail Price Index, the FES/NIFES collected much additional information was also collected on the characteristics of co-operating households and the incomes of their members. It thus became a multi-purpose survey, and provided a unique fund of important economic and social data. From 1968 the Great Britain FES incorporated a sample drawn from the NIFES to become the UK FES. The FES was replaced in 2001 by a new survey series, the Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS) (see under GN 33334), covering the whole of the UK. The EFS is an amalgamation of the previous National Food Survey (NFS) (see under GN 33071) and UK FES. Main Topics:Household Schedule: This schedule was taken at the main interview. Information for most of the questions was obtained from the head of household or housewife, but certain questions of a more individual character were put to every spender aged 15 or over (or 16 or over from 1973 onwards). Until the introduction of the community charge, information on rateable value and rate poundage was obtained from the appropriate local authority, as was information on whether the address was within a smokeless zone. Information was collected about the household, the sex and age of each member, and also details about the type and size of the household accommodation. The main part of the questionnaire related to expenditure both of a household and individual nature, but the questions were mainly confined to expenses of a recurring nature, e.g.:Household: housing costs, payment to Gas and Electricity Boards and companies, telephone charges, licences and television rentalIndividual: motor vehicles, season tickets for transport, life and accident insurances, payments through a bank, instalments, refund of expenses by employer, expenditure claimed by self-employed persons as business expenses for tax purposes, welfare foods, education grants and feesIncome Schedule: Data were collected for each household spender. Apart from page 1, the schedule was concerned with income, National Insurance contributions and income tax. Income of a child not classed as a spender was obtained from one or other of his parents and entered on the parent's questionnaire. Information collected included: employment status and recent absences from work, earnings of an employee, self-employed earnings, National Insurance contributions, pensions and other regular allowances, occasional benefits - social security benefits and other types, investment income, miscellaneous earnings of a 'once-only' character, tax paid directly to Inland Revenue or refunded, income of a child. Diary Records Each diary covered fourteen days. Each household member aged 15 or over (or 16 or over from 1973 onwards) was asked to record all expenditure made during the 14 days. The NIFES was identical to the UK FES and therefore used the same questionnaires and documentation. However, starting in 1988, a voluntary question on religious denomination was asked of those aged 16 and over in Northern Ireland. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Diaries

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Northern Ireland Family Expenditure Survey (NIFES) was conducted in Northern Ireland from 1967-1998, and was the counterpart to the Family Expenditure Survey (FES), which was conducted annually in Great Britain from 1957-2001 (see under GN 33057). The FES/NIFES provided reliable data on expenditure and income in relation to household characteristics. The results of the survey show how expenditure patterns of different kinds of households vary, and the extent to which individual members of a household contribute to the household income. Although originally commissioned to provide expenditure details for the calculation of weights for the Retail Price Index, the FES/NIFES collected much additional information was also collected on the characteristics of co-operating households and the incomes of their members. It thus became a multi-purpose survey, and provided a unique fund of important economic and social data. From 1968 the Great Britain FES incorporated a sample drawn from the NIFES to become the UK FES. The FES was replaced in 2001 by a new survey series, the Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS) (see under GN 33334), covering the whole of the UK. The EFS is an amalgamation of the previous National Food Survey (NFS) (see under GN 33071) and UK FES. Main Topics:Household Schedule: This schedule was taken at the main interview. Information for most of the questions was obtained from the head of household or housewife, but certain questions of a more individual character were put to every spender aged 15 or over (or 16 or over from 1973 onwards). Until the introduction of the community charge, information on rateable value and rate poundage was obtained from the appropriate local authority, as was information on whether the address was within a smokeless zone. Information was collected about the household, the sex and age of each member, and also details about the type and size of the household accommodation. The main part of the questionnaire related to expenditure both of a household and individual nature, but the questions were mainly confined to expenses of a recurring nature, e.g.:Household: housing costs, payment to Gas and Electricity Boards and companies, telephone charges, licences and television rentalIndividual: motor vehicles, season tickets for transport, life and accident insurances, payments through a bank, instalments, refund of expenses by employer, expenditure claimed by self-employed persons as business expenses for tax purposes, welfare foods, education grants and feesIncome Schedule: Data were collected for each household spender. Apart from page 1, the schedule was concerned with income, National Insurance contributions and income tax. Income of a child not classed as a spender was obtained from one or other of his parents and entered on the parent's questionnaire. Information collected included: employment status and recent absences from work, earnings of an employee, self-employed earnings, National Insurance contributions, pensions and other regular allowances, occasional benefits - social security benefits and other types, investment income, miscellaneous earnings of a 'once-only' character, tax paid directly to Inland Revenue or refunded, income of a child. Diary Records Each diary covered fourteen days. Each household member aged 15 or over (or 16 or over from 1973 onwards) was asked to record all expenditure made during the 14 days. The NIFES was identical to the UK FES and therefore used the same questionnaires and documentation. However, starting in 1988, a voluntary question on religious denomination was asked of those aged 16 and over in Northern Ireland. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Diaries

Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank Group, discusses setting a clear target for growth. He is pleased with the focus on infrastructure. The World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank plus others, together will supply about $100 billion in support for infrastructure. Kim fielded questions about the fight against Ebola, the proposal for a contingency fund to prevent future outbreaks, developing country expectations of the G20 summit, inequality, the Global Infrastructure Facility, and the China-US pact and climate change.

O turismo tem desempenhado um importante papel no desenvolvimento de territórios, com importante relevo na realidade rural. Quando este se alia à cultura experienciada de uma forma criativa, o seu potencial é imenso com um poder de alcance bastante superior. Esta dissertação pretende explicitar o papel desta atividade no desenvolvimento e estrutura de zonas rurais e na forma sustentável que a mesma é desenvolvida, usando para o estudo o caso de Ponte de Lima. Neste sentido, numa primeira parte, é realizada uma revisão de literatura de forma a clarificar conceitos e introduzir a realidade em estudo, analisada numa segunda parte. Nesta é apresentado o território em análise, Ponte de Lima. Para tal, é exposta a sua realidade atual e a de há dez anos, cujo objetivo trata de entender a sua evolução e a maneira como a criatividade é percecionada como base da produção turística, percebendo se a mesma se assume sustentável a longo prazo. Para um melhor entendimento destas questões foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a seis agentes institucionais ativos no turismo limiano. Com o levantamento da informação e as conclusões obtidas, pretende-se estabelecer uma análise dos esforços realizados, da sustentabilidade de toda a atividade e a influência da mesma sobre a gente e o território limiano, assim como dar destaque a uma análise S.W.O.T. Enquanto as forças e as oportunidades podem potenciar ainda mais a atividade turística, as fraquezas e as ameaças são olhados como pontos a precaver ou melhorar. O turismo em espaço rural, no caso particular de Ponte de Lima, revela-se bastante dependente da cultura, no entanto, quando a mesma é tratada com criatividade os produtos desenvolvidos identificados são em menor número. A vila demonstra ter uma série de oportunidades e características potenciadoras do turismo aliadas a esforços para que seja trabalhado de uma forma sustentável. Tourism has played an important role in the development of territories, with important relevance to the rural reality. When combined with an experienced culture in a creative way, its potential is immense and with an even greater reach. This dissertation aims to explain the role of this activity in the development and structure of rural areas and the sustainable way in which it is developed, as is the case of Ponte de Lima. In this sense, in a first stage, a revision of literature is undertaken to clarify concepts and introduce the reality that is being studied, analyzed on a second stage. At this stage the territory analyzed, Ponte de Lima, is presented. For that, present past ten years reality is exposed with the purpose of understanding its evolution and the way creativity is perceived based on “tourist production”, to understand if it assumes to be sustainable on the long term. For a better understanding of these questions semi structured interviews were undertaken to six institutional active Ponte de Lima tourist agents. With the gathering of information and conclusions obtained, we have the intention of establishing an analysis of the work executed, the sustainability of the all the activity and its influence on people and the territory of Ponte de Lima, as well as giving emphasis to a S.W.O.T analysis. While the forces of opportunity may enhance tourist activity even more, weaknesses and threats are regarded as issues to be prevented and improved. Tourism in rural areas, Ponte de Lima, depends largely on culture, nonetheless when it is worked with creativity the products developed identified are in smaller number. The village proves to have a series of opportunities and conditions to enhance tourism supported on efforts to be developed in a sustainable way. Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Social

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The main aims of this study were to assess the structure of rural household income in Kenya in 1982; to discover changes since 1975 in agriculture and assets with special attention to the impact of the coffee boom; to assess access to government services and health, education, water, wood and sewage. Main Topics: Household composition; migration; employment and other work; asset changes since 1975; health status and treatment; education; farm production. Multi-stage stratified random sample This survey followed up all respondents in an earlier survey in two provinces who could be located. Face-to-face interview

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The English Housing Survey (EHS ) Fuel Poverty Datasets are comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the EHS, and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The EHS is a continuous national survey commissioned by the Ministry of Housing, Community and Local Government (MHCLG) that collects information about people's housing circumstances and the condition and energy efficiency of housing in England. End User Licence and Special Licence Versions Similar to the main EHS, two versions of the Fuel Poverty dataset are available from 2014 onwards. The Special Licence version contains additional, more detailed, variables, and is therefore subject to more restrictive access conditions. Users should check the End User Licence version first to see whether it meeds their needs, before making an application for the Special Licence version. Fuel Poverty Statistics, 2016Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) figures for 2016 are based on improved RdSAP assumptions, introduced in November 2017. Users are therefore advised that there will be a step-change between 2016 data and data published in previous years. Please see section Chapter 1 of the fuel poverty publication for further information on RdSAP changes: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-fuel-poverty-statistics-report-2018.The fuel poverty dataset is comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the English Housing Survey (EHS), and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The fieldwork for the EHS is carried out each financial year (between April and March). The fuel poverty datasets combine data from two consecutive financial years. The midpoint of this period is April 2016, which can be considered as the reference date for the fuel poverty dataset. Guidance on use of EHS data provided by DCLG should also be applied to the fuel poverty dataset. Full information on the EHS survey is available at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) EHS website. Fuel Poverty Statistics are also available from gov.uk.Further information on fuel poverty and the EHS can be sought from FuelPoverty@beis.gov.uk and ehs@communities.gov.uk respectively. Guidance on use of EHS data provided by MHCLG should also be applied to the fuel poverty dataset.The majority of fuel poverty variables are included in the dataset deposited at the UK Data Archive under the standard End User Licence (SN 8393). To comply with the data disclosure control guidance issued by the Government Statistical Service, supplementary fuel poverty variables are released under this Special Licence version, which is subject to more restrictive access conditions (see Access section below). Users are advised to obtain SN 8393 to see whether it is suitable for their needs before making an application for the Special Licence version.Besides the information contained in SN 8393, the Special Licence dataset also includes the following: more detailed income information, the amount of energy (kWh/year) used for space heating, water heating, cooking, light and appliances, as well as the annual cost for each of these, the Building Research Establishment Domestic Energy Model (BREDEM) floor area and the boiler efficiency after control adjustment. More information about the extra variables can be found in the Fuel Poverty Special Licence Dataset Documentation. Main Topics: The data cover modelled household fuel costs and consumption. See documentation for further details. Compilation/Synthesis

Brazil is at a crossroad with regard to its sustainable energy future. Despite currently boasting one of the world’s cleanest energy supplies, a number of current trends are pointing towards a deterioration of the country’s sustainable energy performance, measured in terms of renewable energy use, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Firstly, declining emissions from land use and increasing demand for fossil fuels are turning energy into a key driver of Brazil’s domestic GHG emissions. Secondly, the electricity sector, dominated by large-scale hydropower, is facing challenges in meeting the growing demand. Worrying trends include the shrinking relative storage capacity in the system and the growing use of natural gas in lieu of cleaner sources. Thirdly, demand for transport fuels is growing fast, prompted by rising living standards and a long-term policy of favouring road transport. Expanding volumes and shares of oil are of particular concern and are intimately interlinked with the present troubles of the bioethanol sector. Furthermore, despite low levels of carbon and energy intensity, the country’s energy efficiency performance remains stagnant. In this paper, Mari Luomi provides an evaluation of the prospects and potential for sustainable energy in Brazil in the medium and long term, based on an analysis of current energy-related dynamics, existing government policies and plans, and domestic and international projections of energy supply and demand through 2035. She argues that there is still plenty of room for increased ambition and warns that, unless current trends are reversed with determined policy and implementation, Brazil will place at risk the decarbonization of its energy supply at a time in which global attention is turning to resource-efficient low-carbon transitions. Policy recommendations for achieving a diversion from current plans and projected trajectories include: a diversification into non-large scale hydro renewables in the electricity sector, a sustainable expansion of bioethanol production, increased attention to energy efficiency across the economy, and an ambitious post-2020 climate change mitigation policy.