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Peran Tanaman Karet Dalam Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim
Terjadinya Perubahan iklim pada saat ini telah mengkibatkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup di permukaan bumi. Kekeringan, banjir atau rob, gelombang udara panas, dan badai merupakan beberapa contoh yang disebabkan oleh Perubahan iklim. Pada sektor pertanian, kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan produksi tanaman mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan sehingga mengganggu ketahanan pangan nasional dan menurunkan pendapatan petani dan devisa negara. Penyebab utama terjadinya Perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca (terutama gas CO2) di udara, yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas manusia (antropogenik). Untuk mengurangi emisi gas CO2 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah mencanangkan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 tahun 2011. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya adalah penanaman 105.200 ha tanaman karet. Peran ekologis tanaman karet yaitu tajuknya dapat menyerap gas CO2 dari udara dan dari hasil biji karet dapat dibuat biodiesel dengan gas buang CO2 yang lebih rendah dari bahan bakar minyak (solar), sehingga tanaman karet mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengurangi kejadian Perubahan iklim (mitigasi). Jumlah CO2 yang diserap oleh tanaman karet bervariasi tergantung kepada umur tanaman, kondisi tanaman, kesuburan tanah, dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Rata-rata stok karbon pada karet tradional (perkebunan rakyat) 19,8 ton C/ha, sedangkan pada karet klon unggul (perkebunan besar) 42,4 ton C/ha. Jumlah gas CO2 yang diserap oleh perkebunan karet di Indonesia mencapai 291,16 Mton CO2e. Potensi produksi biodiesel dari RSO di Indonesia mencapai 424.460 ton. Campuran solar dan biodiesel dari RSO dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang CO2 sebesar 40,14%. Role of rubber plant in climate change mitigation
Climate change happened and resulted in adverse effect of our life on the earth's surface. Droughts, floods, or rob, heatwaves, and hurricanes happened recently of incident that might be caused by climate change. In the agricultural sector, these conditions will lead to reduction of yields significantly, in turn disrupt the national food security and reduce foreign exchange. Major factor that may induce climate change is the increased greenhouse gas emissions primarily CO2 in air, generated by human activity (anthropogenic). To reduce emissions of CO2 gas, Government of Indonesia has launched the National Action Plan for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK) through Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. One of the main activity is the planting of 105,200 ha of rubber trees. Ecological role of the rubber plant is an sequestration CO2 from the air. Moreover, rubber yielded may be converted into biodiesel fuel having CO2 content being lower than diesel oil in otherwords, rubber plant has an important role in reducing of incidences of climate change (mitigation). The amount of CO2 is sequestrated by rubber plant varies depending on the age of the plant, crop conditions, soil fertility and technical cultivation applied. Average of carbon stock of those rubber plants cultivated traditionally was 19.8 ton C / ha, while those superior clone ones was 42.4 ton C/ha. The amount of CO2 gas sequestrated by rubber in Indonesia reached of 291.16 Mton CO2e. Potentially biodiesel production developed from the RSO in Indonesia reached 424,460 ton, blending of diesel oil and biodiesel from RSO able to reduce CO2 emissions of 40.14%.
mitigation, Hevea brasiliensis, climate change, Indonesia
mitigation, Hevea brasiliensis, climate change, Indonesia
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