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Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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O impacto das alterações climáticas no aumento dos fluxos migratórios para a Europa: o caso do Saara e do Sahel

The impact of climate change on increasing migratory flows to Europe: the case of the Sahara and the Sahel
Authors: Guincho, Mónica Andreia Barbosa Lucas;

O impacto das alterações climáticas no aumento dos fluxos migratórios para a Europa: o caso do Saara e do Sahel

Abstract

O aquecimento global é considerado um fenómeno que provoca alterações no clima do planeta, as quais acabam por se traduzir na ocorrência de fenómenos climáticos extremos que têm uma série de impactos negativos no meio ambiente em que as populações se inserem. A África Subsaariana compreende regiões do continente africano que são mais vulneráveis perante as alterações climáticas. Com a evolução de situações de seca extrema, cheias ou temperaturas elevadas, dá-se o agravamento de problemas como, a pobreza extrema, a insegurança alimentar, a escassez de recursos e o aparecimento de doenças. Face às dificuldades crescentes em combater e de se adaptarem aos impactos provocados pelas alterações climáticas, as populações destas regiões vêem-se forçadas a sair dos seus países de origem, em busca de melhores condições de vida. Esta procura pela sobrevivência acaba por levar a grandes fluxos migratórios em direção à Europa. Tendo em consideração o impacto das alterações climáticas, no aumento dos fluxos migratórios provenientes da África Subsaariana, compreende-se a necessidade de perceber o modo como estes migrantes ou refugiados, no caso daqueles que se vêem obrigados a emigrar por motivos ambientais, são identificados e encarados pela União Europeia. Apesar de existir um certo reconhecimento dos refugiados ambientais no seio da União Europeia como indivíduos que necessitam de ajuda, estes não se integram no estatuto que reconhece os refugiados como indivíduos que possuem o direito de obter proteção internacional, em termos de asilo. Perante isto, entende-se que apesar de não existir qualquer tipo de instrumento jurídico a favor dos refugiados ambientais, têm sido criadas e adotadas, políticas e medidas que têm como base os direitos humanos, no sentido de fornecer ajuda humanitária a estes indivíduos. Estas são desenvolvidas com o objetivo de combater as causas profundas das alterações climáticas, de modo a permitir à União Europeia contornar as causas das migrações.

Global warming is considered a phenomenon that causes changes on the Earth’s climate, involving the occurrence of extreme climatic phenomena. This causes very negative impacts on the environments in which certain populations are inserted. Sub-Saharan Africa considered the regions that are most vulnerable to climate change. This is because with the evolution of situations of extreme drought, floods or high temperatures, there is an aggravation of problems such as extreme poverty, food insecurity, scarcity of resources and the appearance of diseases. In view of the growing difficulties in combating and adapting to the impacts caused by climate change, the populations of those regions are forced to leave their countries of origin, seeking better living conditions. This search for survival ends up leading to major migratory influxes towards Europe. Taking into account the impact of climate change on the increase in migratory flows from Sub-Saharan Africa, it’s important to understand the way in which these migrants or refugees, in the case of those who feel forced to migrate for environmental reasons, are identified and seen by the European Union. Although there is a certain recognition, within the European Union, of environmental refugees, as people in need of help, they are not part of refugee recognition status, as individuals who have the right to obtain international protection in terms of asylum. In view of this, it is understood that although there is no legal instrument in favour of environmental refugees, policies and measures, which are based on human rights, are being created and adopted in order to provide humanitarian assistance to these individuals. These measures and policies are developed with the objective of combating the root causes of climate change, in order to allow the European Union to circumvent the causes of migration.

Dissertação de mestrado em Relações Internacionais

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Portugal
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Keywords

Sub-Saharan Africa, Forced environmental migration, África Subsaariana, Environmental refugees, Alterações climáticas, Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais, União Europeia, Refugiados ambientais, Climate change, European Union, Migrações ambientais forçadas

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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