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Голоценовая история лесов на восточном склоне Среднего Урала

Голоценовая история лесов на восточном склоне Среднего Урала

Abstract

Современные лесные экосистемы сформировались за время последнего геологического периода – голоцена, в течение которого происходили значительные климатические изменения. Выявление взаимосвязей динамики растительных формаций и природной среды в голоцене создает научную основу для понимания их современного состояния и прогноза в условиях меняющегося климата. В результате комплексного исследования палинологическим, ботаническим и радиоуглеродным методами 12 разрезов торфяников озерного происхождения, расположенных на разных широтах восточного склона Среднего Урала, установлены основные этапы пространственно-временной динамики формирования региональной лесной растительности в послеледниковье, сопоставленные с хронологической схемой периодизации голоцена. В конце позднеледниковья на всей исследуемой территории господствовала безлесная травяно-кустарниковая растительность. Одним из рефугиумов сохранения древесной флоры в это время представляется западный макросклон Среднего Урала. С потеплением в голоцене началось распространение лесной растительности на восток и на север. На фоне тенденции направленного потепления, прерываемого кратковременными периодами возвратного похолодания, в первую половину голоцена в региональной растительности выделяются основные смены лесных формаций: елово-лиственничные редколесья в предбореальном периоде (10.3–11 тыс. к.л.н.); сосново-березовые леса в бореальном (8.6–9.3 к.н.л.); елово-сосновые и сосново-еловые с пихтой и широколиственными в атлантическом и первой половине суббореального периодов (4.2–8.2 к.л.н.). Со второй половины суббореального периода началось направленное похолодание, уменьшение участия ели, поэтапное выпадение неморального компонента из состава лесов и формирование современных таежных лесов с доминированием сосны. Modern forest ecosystems were formed during the last geological period – the Holocene, during which significant climate changes occurred. The identification of the interrelationships between the dynamics of plant formations and the natural environment in the Holocene creates a scientific basis for understanding their current state and forecast in a changing climate. As a result of a complex study of palynological, botanical and radiocarbon methods, 12 sections of lacustrine peat bogs located at different latitudes of the eastern slope of the Middle Urals, established the main stages in the spatial and temporal dynamics of the formation of regional forest vegetation in the postglacial period, compared with the chronological scheme of periodization of the Holocene. At the end of the Late Glacial period, the entire investigated territory was dominated by treeless grass and shrub vegetation. One of the refugiums of preserving the wood flora at this time is the western macroslope of the Middle Urals. With the warming in the Holocene, the spread of forest vegetation to the east and to the north began. Against the background of the tendency of directed warming, interrupted by short periods of recurrent cooling, the main changes of forest formations are distinguished in the first half of the Holocene in the regional vegetation: spruce-larch woodlands in the preboreal period (10.3–11 thousand yr BP); pine-birch forests in the boreal (8.6–9.3 thousand yr BP); spruce-pine and pine-spruce with fir and broad-leaved in the Atlantic and the first half of the subboreal period (4.2–8.2 thousand yr BP ). From the second half of the subboreal period, directed cooling, a decrease in the participation of spruce, a gradual loss of the unmoral component from the forest, and the formation of modern taiga forests dominated by pine started.

Country
Russian Federation
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Keywords

ПЫЛЬЦЕВОЙ АНАЛИЗ, ПЕРИОД ГОЛОЦЕНА, POLLEN ANALYSIS, CLIMATE CHANGE, ЛЕСНАЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ, ТОРФЯНОЕ БОЛОТО, FOREST VEGETATION, HOLOCENE PERIOD, ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА, PEAT BOG

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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Energy Research