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Wirkung organischer Lösungsmittel auf die Darmtätigkeit. Untersuchungen am Dünndarm von Meerschweinchen in vitro.

Authors: Welzholz, Anna Catrin Sara;

Wirkung organischer Lösungsmittel auf die Darmtätigkeit. Untersuchungen am Dünndarm von Meerschweinchen in vitro.

Abstract

Die Magen-Darm-Motilität von Patienten auf Intensivstationen unterliegt vielen hemmenden Einflüssen. Außer der Wirkung inhibitorisch wirksamer Pharmaka wäre denkbar, dass auch organische Lösungsmittel (Ethanol, DMSO), Detergentien (SLS/CAPB) und aus Perfusor- und Infusionsleitungen freigesetzte Weichmacher (Phthalate) die Dünndarmperistaltik per se beeinflussen oder die Wirkung inhibitorisch wirksamer Pharmaka (Midazolam, Fentanyl) modulieren. Die Untersuchungen wurden in vitro am Dünndarm des Meerschweinchens durchgeführt. Der Parameter zur Beurteilung der inhibitorischen Wirkung auf die Peristaltik einer dem Organbad zugegebenen Substanz war die Änderung des intraluminalen Schwellendrucks ΔPPT (peristaltic pressure threshold) zur Auslösung von Peristaltik. Ein Anstieg der PPT zeigt eine inhibitorische Wirkung an. In der Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse aller Experimente der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigte sich, dass weder DEHP, Ethanol, DMSO noch Detergentien (SLS/CAPB) per se eine konzentrationsabhängige, signifikant hemmende Wirkung auf die Dünndarmperistaltik haben. Jedoch vermochten Ethanol, sowohl extraserosal dem Organbad zugegeben als auch endoluminal durch das Dünndarmsegment perfundiert, und in Ethanol gelöstes DEHP die motilitätshemmende Wirkung von Midazolam bzw. Fentanyl zu verstärken. In den Untersuchungen fiel auf, dass die Schwellendruckänderungen ΔPPT nach Zugabe von Ethanol, unabhängig von der jeweiligen Konzentration, sehr heterogen waren. Um den Mechanismus der Ethanolwirkung genauer zu charakterisieren, wurden Darmsegmente vor der Zugabe von Ethanol mit Antagonisten bzw. Blockern vermuteter Signaltransduktionswege vorbehandelt. Eingesetzt wurden Naloxon (Antagonist an Opioidrezeptoren), Apamin (Inhibitor von calciumaktivierten small conductance Kaliumkänalen), Bicucullin (Antagonist am GABAA-Rezeptor), Lorglumid (Antagonist am Cholecystokinin CCKA-Rezeptor) und YM022 (selektiver Antagonist am Gastrin/CCKB-Rezeptor). Diese Antagonisierungsversuche ergaben keine signifikanten Ergebnisse, da Ethanol in der Konzentration mit inhibitorischer Wirkung auf die Peristaltik zu heterogene Änderungen der PPT hervorrief. Unter klinischen Gesichtspunkten könnten die hemmende Wirkung von Ethanol auf die Peristaltik sowie die Wirkungsverstärkung des motilitätshemmenden Midazolam und Fentanyl durch Ethanol bzw. in Ethanol gelöstes DEHP Faktoren sein, die zur Hemmung der Darmmotilität bei Intensivpatienten beitragen.

Critically ill patients' gastro-intestinal-motility is subject to many inhibiting factors. Apart from medicaments also organic solvents (ethanol, DMSO), detergents (SLS/CAPB) and plasticizers (phthalates) which are delivered from infusion lines may influence the action of the bowels per se or modulate the effect of inhibiting pharmaceutics. The investigations were performed on guinea pigs' small intestine in vitro. The modification of the intra-luminal PPT (peristaltic pressure threshold) was measured to estimate the inhibiting effect of a substance on the peristalsis. An increasing PPT shows an inhibiting effect. Overall, neither DEHP, ethanol, DMSO nor detergents (SLS/CAPB) per se had a significant, inbiting effect on the peristalsis. However, ethanol added to the organ bath as well as added via perfusion through the gut segment aggravated the inhibitoring effect of midazolame. The same effect was observed when gut segments were perfused by DEHP solute in ethanol and fentanyl was added to the organ bath. Furthermore, the behaviour of ethanol was very heterogeneous. To characterize ethanol's mechanisms of action different gut segments were pretreated with antagonists or inhibitors of suspected signal transduction pathways. Therefore naloxone (opiod receptor antagonist), apamin (inhibitor of calcium activated small conductance sodium channels), bicucullin (GABA-A receptor antagonist), lorglumide (CCK-A receptor antagonist) and YM 022 (CCK-B receptor antagonist) were used. None of these experiments brought any significant result but also very heterogeneous alterations of the PPT. Under clinical aspects the inhibiting effects of ethanol on the peristalsis as well as the aggravation of the inhibting effects of midazolame and fentanyl by ethanol or DEHP solute in ethanol may be factors which may be conducive to the gastro intestinal atony of the critically ill patient.

Country
Germany
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Keywords

ddc:610, Ethanol, Dimethylsulfoxid, Dünndarmfunktion, Lösungsmittel, Meerschweinchen, Detergentien, Phthalsäureester

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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