The increasing need for fossil fuels along with their limited resources and also environmental concerns caused by pollution from internal combustion engines have always led researchers to improve the technology. The use of homogeneous compression ignition combustion technology as well as alternative fuel sources such as biodiesel is proposed as a novel and promising solution to achieve goals including improving efficiency and reducing environmental pollutants specifically NOx and CO2 that are emerging in the industry. In this study, the effect of using different blends of diesel/biodiesel fuel on thermal performance along with output pollution of a homogeneous fuel compression ignition engine is investigated. The fuels range from B00 to B40, and parameters such as engine thermal efficiency, maximum cylinder pressure and exhaust emissions have been evaluated. The results show retarded and reduced maximum pressure with a decrease in engine thermal efficiency, a reduction in NOx and CO2 emissions and an increase in CO emissions, while the mass fraction of biodiesel in the fuel composition is increased. Moreover, in the investigated engine, the B20 is considered as the optimum composition with a reduction of 4.2% in maximum cylinder pressure, 5% in thermal efficiency and 26% in NOx emissions compared to B00.