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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Applied Thermal Engi...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Applied Thermal Engineering
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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A comparative exergo-economic analysis of four configurations of carbon dioxide direct-expansion geothermal heat pump

Authors: Hossein Ghazizade-Ahsaee; Mehran Ameri; Ighball Baniasad Askari;

A comparative exergo-economic analysis of four configurations of carbon dioxide direct-expansion geothermal heat pump

Abstract

Abstract The present paper deals with a comparative exergo-economic analysis among four different horizontal Direct-Expansion Geothermal Heat Pumps (DX-GHP) with Carbon Dioxide ( C O 2 ) refrigerant in transcritical cycle. The studied configurations include the cycle with (a) expansion valve (EVC), (b) with expander (EC), (c) with expansion valve and Internal Heat Exchanger (EVC + IHE), and (d) with expander and IHE (EC + IHE). The unit cost of heat ($/ k W h e x ) for each configuration was determined under two scenarios of a) constant Space Heating (SH) and b) constant Domestic Hot Water (DHW) loads with the peak of 8 kW. The results showed that the lowest unit cost of heat ( c q ) and the highest total exergy efficiency ( η e x ) are associated with the (EVC + IHE) and (EC + IHE) configurations, respectively. Also, it was shown that for the SH (or DHW) load, 20% (or 14%) increase in the η e x results in 21.5% (or 20%) increase in the c q considering the electricity cost of 0.025 $/kWh. For the electricity cost of 0.25 $/kWh, however, 11% (or 20%) increase in η e x results in increasing the c q by about 7% (or 13%). It was also concluded that the configuration with the highest η e x is not that with the lowest c q .

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%