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Applied Soft Computing
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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On the suitability of stacking-based ensembles in smart agriculture for evapotranspiration prediction

Authors: Juan Martín; José A. Sáez; Emilio Corchado;

On the suitability of stacking-based ensembles in smart agriculture for evapotranspiration prediction

Abstract

Abstract Smart agriculture aims at generating high harvest yields with an efficient resource management, such as the estimation of crop irrigation. One of the factors on which a productive crop irrigation depends on is evapotranspiration, defined as the water loss process from the soil. This is mainly measured by empirical equations, even though they are conditioned by the specific climatological variables they require. In recent years, data mining techniques are proposed as a powerful alternative to predict evapotranspiration. Among them, ensembles are notable in that they provide accurate estimators in different scenarios. Stacking is an ensemble-building technique aimed at strengthening the prediction capabilities of the system by the combined learning from the original features in the data and synthetic features created from the predictions of multiple models. This research proposes the usage of stacking for evapotranspiration prediction, which has been overlooked in the specialized literature, with the aim of a more sustainable management of water resources. The proposal is compared to other state-of-the-art empirical equations and data mining methods over several real-world climatological datasets of different agricultural areas in Spain. This comparison is performed considering separate datasets with features based on temperature, mass transfer, radiation and, finally, using the main meteorological variables together. The results obtained show that stacking is the best approach in all datasets and each group of features evaluated, running as good alternative to predict evapotranspiration when using data of a different nature and under different conditions.

Country
Spain
Keywords

smart agriculture, evapotranspiration, ensembles, data mining, sustainability, stacking

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    17
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
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    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
17
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green