Abstract Hydrogen (H2) is considered as a zero-emission fuel when produced through biomass pyrolysis. The objective of this review article is to analyze the potential of the pyrolysis process in terms of H2 yield, the maturity of technology, current challenges, future perspective, and its commercialization potential. This review article has three folds. Firstly, a comprehensive overview of the technical state-of-the-art analysis of biohydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis process is presented. Secondly, the technical and critical review of both the conventional fast and slow pyrolysis for H2 production from the viewpoint of mechanisms, catalysts, reactors, and process parameters is provided. Thirdly, the technical readiness level for bio-oil, char, and H2 production is presented. Finaly, challenges and future prospectives are highlighted for further research for researchers and the networking of stakeholders for commercialization to guide policymakers, investors, and commercial enterprises.