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Vertical TiO2 Nanorods as a Medium for Stable and High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Modules

Perovskite solar cells employing CH3NH3PbI3-xClx active layers show power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 20% in single cells and 13% in large area modules. However, their operational stability has often been limited due to degradation of the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx active layer. Here, we report a perovskite solar module (PSM, best and av. PCE 10.5 and 8.1%), employing solution-grown TiO2 nanorods (NRs) as the electron transport layer, which showed an increase in performance (∼5%) even after shelf-life investigation for 2500 h. A crucial issue on the module fabrication was the patterning of the TiO2 NRs, which was solved by interfacial engineering during the growth process and using an optimized laser pulse for patterning. A shelf-life comparison with PSMs built on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs, best and av. PCE 7.9 and 5.5%) of similar thickness and on a compact TiO2 layer (CL, best and av. PCE 5.8 and 4.9%) shows, in contrast to that observed for NR PSMs, that PCE in NPs and CL PSMs dropped by ∼50 and ∼90%, respectively. This is due to the fact that the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx active layer shows superior phase stability when incorporated in devices with TiO2 NR scaffolds.
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Malaysia
- University of Rome Tor Vergata Italy
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Malaysia
- University of Rome Tor Vergata Italy
photovoltaic, energy conversion, nanorod solar cell, stable solar module, energy conversion; nanorod solar cells; photovoltaic; stable solar module, Settore ING-INF/01 - ELETTRONICA, Settore CHIM/07 - FONDAMENTI CHIMICI DELLE TECNOLOGIE, 620
photovoltaic, energy conversion, nanorod solar cell, stable solar module, energy conversion; nanorod solar cells; photovoltaic; stable solar module, Settore ING-INF/01 - ELETTRONICA, Settore CHIM/07 - FONDAMENTI CHIMICI DELLE TECNOLOGIE, 620
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).175 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Top 10% impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 1%
