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Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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Half‐century air temperature change above Antarctica: Observed trends and spatial reconstructions

Authors: Screen, James A.; Simmonds, Ian;

Half‐century air temperature change above Antarctica: Observed trends and spatial reconstructions

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of observed 50‐year (1961–2010) seasonal air temperature trends from radiosonde ascents above Antarctica. Comparisons between multiple radiosonde data sets (homogenized in different ways) at each of eight Antarctic stations reveals substantial differences in the upper‐air temperature trend magnitudes and their statistical significance between data sets. However, when considering the average of these data sets at each station, or averaging across all stations, a robust vertical profile of half‐century temperature change emerges, characterized by mid‐tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling. Statistically significant Multistation‐mean 500 hPa warming (0.1 to 0.2°C decade−1) is found in all seasons, whereas the lower stratospheric cooling has been manifest primarily in austral spring and summer, but with larger magnitudes (−1.0 to −2.0°C decade−1). We undertake the first spatial reconstructions of pan‐Antarctic upper‐air temperature trends. They strongly suggest that both the year‐round mid‐tropospheric warming and spring and summer lower stratospheric cooling have occurred above the entire continent, although their magnitudes and significance vary regionally. The reconstructed 500 hPa warming trends in winter and spring are largest over West Antarctica, the Ross Ice shelf, Victoria Land and Oates Land, and show close resemblance to those found in previously published surface temperature trend reconstructions, suggesting coupling between the surface and trends aloft. We speculate that the winter and spring mid‐tropospheric warming may, in part, be driven by tropical ocean warming, analogous to proposed mechanisms for the co‐located surface warming. The spring and summer lower stratospheric cooling is entirely consistent with the temperature response to ozone depletion.

Country
United Kingdom
Related Organizations
Keywords

climate change, troposphere, 550, radiosonde, stratosphere, Antarctica, temperature, 551

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
25
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
bronze